Design,Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Dexibuprofen Derivatives as Novel Anti-Inflammatory,Antioxidant and Molecular Docking Studies

Prodrugs of dexibuprofen having ester moieties instead of free carboxylic acid which involves in gastrointestinal side effects have been synthesized. Dexibuprofen acid was condensed with different alcohols/phenols to afford the ester prodrugs. All of the synthesized prodrugs were characterized by their physical attributes, elemental analysis, FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. The in vitro anti-inflammatory studies was done by chemiluminescence technique reflect prodrugs have been more potent, owing to the different chemical structures. Lipoxygenase enzyme inhibition assay was also assess and found compound DR7 with IC₅₀=19.8 μM), DR9 (IC₅₀=24.8 μM) and DR3 (IC₅₀=47.2 μM) as compared with Dexibuprofen (IC₅₀=156.6 μM). It was also evaluated for docking studies revealed that DR7 has found to be more potent anti-inflammatory against 5-LOX (3 V99) as well as analgesic against COX-II (5KIR) enzyme. Anti-oxidant activities were also performed, DR3 (86.9 %), DR5 (83.5 %), DR7 (93.9 %) and DR9 (87.4 %) were found to be more anti-oxidant as compared to (2S)-2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanoic acid (52.7 %).     

Nano-particles of Trace Minerals in Poultry Nutrition: Potential Applications and Future Prospects

Biological Trace Element Research - Nano-technology is an emerging technology with tremendous potential and diverse applications in human health, agriculture, and animal nutrition. It also offers...     

Molecular characterization of fungal endophyte diversity isolated from Aconitum heterophyllum: a critically endangered medicinal plant of Kashmir Himalaya

International Microbiology - Aconitum heterophyllum is a rare perennial herb from Kashmir Himalayas. Due to its threatened status and dependence on its environment, the plant was examined for any...     

Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) is an Innovative Approach for the Remediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons-Contaminated Water

Globally, water resources contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons are under much consideration due to their hazardous effects on human beings as well as on plants and animals in the ecosystem. Petroleum hydrocarbons are classified as recalcitrant pollutants in nature. These petroleum products are mostly released in the water resources during the petroleum refining process by oil refineries. The conventional clean-up technologies for hydrocarbons contaminated water have more destructive effects on the aquatic and land ecosystems. Consequently, to develop cost-effective and more environment-friendly techniques that clean up the environment and restore the marine ecosystem to its original forms. Keeping in view, this review article explores the detailed information on fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and an overview of innovation of the floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) using plants and bacterial combined functions to remediate the petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated water. The review also discusses the improvement of microbial efficacy for hydrocarbon degradation using FTWs. The review article shows the various applications of FTWs to remove different organic pollutants in petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated water. The review also describes the prospective benefits of FTWs for their multiple uses for removal of hydrocarbons, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), phenol, and solids from hydrocarbons contaminated water. This review widely discusses the role of hydrocarbons in degrading bacteria, and wetland plants and the mechanism involved during the remediation process of hydrocarbons in FTWs. It further demonstrates features disturbing the treatment efficiency of FTWs, and finally, it is concluded by successful applications of FTWs and various suggestions for potential future research prospects.

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Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of pseudo-response regulator gene family in wheat

Molecular Biology Reports - Pseudo-response regulator (PRR) gene family members play a significant role in plant circadian clocks, flowering time inflorescence architecture development during...     

Two New Records of Genus Lepiota (Agaricaceae) from Pakistan

Biology Bulletin - In our ongoing efforts to inventory the lepiotaceous fungi of Pakistan, we here report on two species, new to Pakistan: Lepiota cingulum is also new to Asia, and L. oreadiformis....