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PAWEŁ JAŁOSZYŃSKI 《Systematic Entomology》2011,36(3):470-496
Genera of the Cephennomicrus group of the Cephenniini (Scydmaenitae) are revised, and the following new taxa are described: Trichokrater gen.n. , Trichokrater ekkentros sp.n. (type species of Trichokrater) (Borneo), Cephennococcus gen.n. , Cephennococcus kuchingensis sp.n. (type species of Cephennococcus) (Borneo), Cephennococcus kenyirensis sp.n. (West Malaysia), Cephennococcus crassus sp.n. (Borneo), Cephennococcus minutissimus sp.n. (West Malaysia), Pomphopsilla gen.n. , Pomphopsilla luhya sp.n. (type species of Pomphopsilla) (Kenya) and Pomphopsilla soror sp.n. (Kenya). Unique subcuticular pockets with setose openings on the pronotum of Trurlia and Trichokrater are identified as glandular structures. Enigmatic internal prothoracic cavities are described for the first time in Scydmaeninae (in Cephennococcus, Pomphopsilla and a female of an undescribed genus from Sulawesi); their fine structure and function remain unknown. Parsimony‐based cladistic analysis of the adult morphology of genera of Cephenniini provided robust evidence for a monophyly of the Cephennomicrus group, composed of Cephennomicrus, Cephennula, Lathomicrus, Pomphopsilla, Cephennococcus, Trurlia, Trichokrater and two undescribed Oriental genera known from females only; this distinct and well‐supported lineage is a sister group of Cephennodes + Hlavaciellus. The genus Cephennomicrus represented in the analysis by species belonging to three previously postulated species groups is not monophyletic, and a comprehensive study comprising more taxa is necessary to reclassify this heterogeneous group. 相似文献
184.
To evaluate breastfed infants' responses to scented objects, we videotaped
the facial and bodily reactions of sixty-three infants as they explored, in
succession, three toys that were identical in appearance but different in
their characteristic odor. Two of the toys were scented with odorants
previously shown to be transmitted to human milk, one with ethanol and the
other with vanilla, whereas the third toy was unscented. Each videotape was
subjected to frame-by-frame analysis to measure a variety of behaviors that
are considered either to be exploratory in nature in that they lead to
perceptual information about the object or to reflect the infants' hedonic
reaction. Analyses of these behaviors revealed that the infants looked more
and vocalized less in the presence of the vanilla-scented toy and spent
less time manipulating the ethanol-scented toy when compared with the
unscented toy. Moreover, differential exposure to the odors of ethanol and
vanilla, as indicated by differential consumption of alcohol by a parent or
use of vanilla-scented product by the mother, was related to differential
responses to these odors. These findings suggest that human infants are
able to detect and retain information about the chemical features of their
environment.
相似文献
185.
We hypothesized that differential seedling establishment was responsible for the transition from white fir- to red fir-dominated forest. Nearly 2,000 seeds of each species were sown within six fenced gardens that spanned the ecotone (1,902–2,073 m). Germination and seedling mortality were monitored through the first growing season. Red fir germination percentage exceeded that of white fir in all gardens in sites dominated by red fir saplings and overstory trees, and a similar pattern was true for white fir. Survival at the end of the first growing season was low and statistically similar for both species, as was the average length of life for seedlings and the causes of mortality. Relative demographic performances (an integrated measure of germination and survivorship over time) suggest that: 1) open/xeric microhabitats within the ecotone favor white fir over red fir; 2) both open/mesic and shaded/xeric microhabitats favor red fir over white fir; and 3) shaded/mesic microhabitats are equally favorable for both species. Seedlings of red and white fir were grown for 6 mo in a growth chamber that imitated early summer temperature and soil moisture conditions. Red fir seedlings were consistently heavier than white fir seedlings, in part a result of the 2.5 × greater caloric content of red fir seed. Relative growth rates were similar for both. Allocation of photosynthate to roots was greater for red fir than white fir, a result contrary to the expected pattern, given that white fir occurs at more xeric, lower elevations than red fir. No consistent differences between the species occurred in root growth or morphology. 相似文献
186.
The interaction of liposomes loaded with Ponceau red (used as a marker) withPseudomonas aeruginosa cells was observed and it resulted in marker leakage. The marker leakage from liposomes was low in physiological fluids.
The interaction was independent of secreted phospholipase C level and the serotype of the tested strain. Six of 37 examined
isolates did not cause any release of the marker from the liposomes. Marker release of over 50% of total encapsulated material
was observed only for ten of the strains tested. 相似文献
187.
PAWEŁ JAŁOSZYŃSKI 《Systematic Entomology》2014,39(1):159-189
Genera of Eutheiini are reviewed and Eutheimorphus is removed from this tribe of ant‐like stone beetles (Scydmaeninae) and transferred to Cephenniini. A monogeneric Marcepaniini trib.n. is described to accommodate Marcepania gen.n. from Malaysia, with five species: M. semengohensis sp.n. (the type species of Marcepania), M. tuberculata sp.n. , M. seramaensis sp.n. , M. minutissima sp.n. and M. elongata sp.n. A phylogenetic analysis of all genera of Cephenniini, Eutheiini and Marcepaniini based on adult morphological characters resulted in recovering a well‐supported monophyletic clade Eutheiini + (Marcepaniini + Cephenniini) and these tribes are included in Cephenniitae stat.n. (Eutheiini and Cephenniini are therefore removed from Scydmaenitae). Only a weak support for monophyly of Eutheiini was found, but morphological characters allow for maintaining this presumably relic group as a separate tribe. Previously proposed monophyletic groups within Cephenniini were recovered as such, but after inclusion of Eutheimorphus, a sister taxon to the ‘Cephennomicrus group’, the latter lineage gained weak statistical support. The evolutionary history of Cephenniitae is discussed, with focus on known northern hemisphere fossils classified in Scydmaenitae and Hapsomelitae, but possibly closely allied to Cephenniitae. Establishing the supertribe Cephenniitae is the first step toward a profound reclassification of Scydmaeninae on a robust phylogenetic basis. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B0E1B12D-9587-4C4F-A908-A12A0C424A8C . 相似文献
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