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排序方式: 共有214条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Don A. Driscoll Sam C. Banks Philip S. Barton Karen Ikin Pia Lentini David B. Lindenmayer Annabel L. Smith Laurence E. Berry Emma L. Burns Amanda Edworthy Maldwyn J. Evans Rebecca Gibson Rob Heinsohn Brett Howland Geoff Kay Nicola Munro Ben C. Scheele Ingrid Stirnemann Dejan Stojanovic Nici Sweaney Nélida R. Villase?or Martin J. Westgate 《PloS one》2014,9(4)
Dispersal knowledge is essential for conservation management, and demand is growing. But are we accumulating dispersal knowledge at a pace that can meet the demand? To answer this question we tested for changes in dispersal data collection and use over time. Our systematic review of 655 conservation-related publications compared five topics: climate change, habitat restoration, population viability analysis, land planning (systematic conservation planning) and invasive species. We analysed temporal changes in the: (i) questions asked by dispersal-related research; (ii) methods used to study dispersal; (iii) the quality of dispersal data; (iv) extent that dispersal knowledge is lacking, and; (v) likely consequences of limited dispersal knowledge. Research questions have changed little over time; the same problems examined in the 1990s are still being addressed. The most common methods used to study dispersal were occupancy data, expert opinion and modelling, which often provided indirect, low quality information about dispersal. Although use of genetics for estimating dispersal has increased, new ecological and genetic methods for measuring dispersal are not yet widely adopted. Almost half of the papers identified knowledge gaps related to dispersal. Limited dispersal knowledge often made it impossible to discover ecological processes or compromised conservation outcomes. The quality of dispersal data used in climate change research has increased since the 1990s. In comparison, restoration ecology inadequately addresses large-scale process, whilst the gap between knowledge accumulation and growth in applications may be increasing in land planning. To overcome apparent stagnation in collection and use of dispersal knowledge, researchers need to: (i) improve the quality of available data using new approaches; (ii) understand the complementarities of different methods and; (iii) define the value of different kinds of dispersal information for supporting management decisions. Ambitious, multi-disciplinary research programs studying many species are critical for advancing dispersal research. 相似文献
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Silke Haerteis Annabel Krappitz Matteus Krappitz Jane E. Murphy Marko Bertog Bettina Krueger Regina Nacken Hyunjae Chung Morley D. Hollenberg Wolfgang Knecht Nigel W. Bunnett Christoph Korbmacher 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2014,289(27):19067-19078
Proteolytic activation is a unique feature of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the physiologically relevant proteases remain to be identified. The serine protease trypsin I can activate ENaC in vitro but is unlikely to be the physiologically relevant activating protease in ENaC-expressing tissues in vivo. Herein, we investigated whether human trypsin IV, a form of trypsin that is co-expressed in several extrapancreatic epithelial cells with ENaC, can activate human ENaC. In Xenopus laevis oocytes, we monitored proteolytic activation of ENaC currents and the appearance of γENaC cleavage products at the cell surface. We demonstrated that trypsin IV and trypsin I can stimulate ENaC heterologously expressed in oocytes. ENaC cleavage and activation by trypsin IV but not by trypsin I required a critical cleavage site (Lys-189) in the extracellular domain of the γ-subunit. In contrast, channel activation by trypsin I was prevented by mutating three putative cleavage sites (Lys-168, Lys-170, and Arg-172) in addition to mutating previously described prostasin (RKRK178), plasmin (Lys-189), and neutrophil elastase (Val-182 and Val-193) sites. Moreover, we found that trypsin IV is expressed in human renal epithelial cells and can increase ENaC-mediated sodium transport in cultured human airway epithelial cells. Thus, trypsin IV may regulate ENaC function in epithelial tissues. Our results show, for the first time, that trypsin IV can stimulate ENaC and that trypsin IV and trypsin I activate ENaC by cleavage at distinct sites. The presence of distinct cleavage sites may be important for ENaC regulation by tissue-specific proteases. 相似文献
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Richard Copin Alina Baum Elzbieta Wloga Kristen E. Pascal Stephanie Giordano Benjamin O. Fulton Anbo Zhou Nicole Negron Kathryn Lanza Newton Chan Angel Coppola Joyce Chiu Min Ni Yi Wei Gurinder S. Atwal Annabel Romero Hernandez Kei Saotome Yi Zhou Christos A. Kyratsous 《Cell》2021,184(15):3949-3961.e11
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Tamara J. Clark Luke A. Rockliff Robert S. Tegg Mark A. Balendres Jonathan Amponsah Tamilarasan Thangavel Frank Mulcahy Annabel J. Wilson Calum R. Wilson 《Journal of Phytopathology》2018,166(10):694-700
Spongospora subterranea, which causes powdery scab of potato, infects a diverse range of plant species. Crop rotation as a powdery scab management tool will be compromised if pathogen hosts exist between potato crops. Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) and pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) are important crops within intensive vegetable production rotations in NW Tasmania. Measurements of S. subterranea soil inoculum within a commercial field showed pathogen amounts were substantially elevated following an opium poppy crop, which suggested host status. In glasshouse testing, opium poppy and pyrethrum were confirmed as hosts of S. subterranea, with opium poppy the more susceptible of the two. Both species were less susceptible than tomato, a known host. Observations of early growth suggested inoculation impacts on all three plant species, although at 16 (tomato and opium poppy) or 26 (pyrethrum) weeks postinoculation, only tomato had significantly reduced shoot and root development. The role of rotation crops in inoculum persistence and the possible role of S. subterranea as a minor pathogen of nonpotato crops are discussed. 相似文献
37.
The RIG‐I‐like receptor LGP2 inhibits Dicer‐dependent processing of long double‐stranded RNA and blocks RNA interference in mammalian cells 下载免费PDF全文
Annemarthe G van der Veen Pierre V Maillard Jan Marten Schmidt Sonia A Lee Safia Deddouche‐Grass Annabel Borg Svend Kjær Ambrosius P Snijders Caetano Reis e Sousa 《The EMBO journal》2018,37(4)
In vertebrates, the presence of viral RNA in the cytosol is sensed by members of the RIG‐I‐like receptor (RLR) family, which signal to induce production of type I interferons (IFN). These key antiviral cytokines act in a paracrine and autocrine manner to induce hundreds of interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs), whose protein products restrict viral entry, replication and budding. ISGs include the RLRs themselves: RIG‐I, MDA5 and, the least‐studied family member, LGP2. In contrast, the IFN system is absent in plants and invertebrates, which defend themselves from viral intruders using RNA interference (RNAi). In RNAi, the endoribonuclease Dicer cleaves virus‐derived double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that target complementary viral RNA for cleavage. Interestingly, the RNAi machinery is conserved in mammals, and we have recently demonstrated that it is able to participate in mammalian antiviral defence in conditions in which the IFN system is suppressed. In contrast, when the IFN system is active, one or more ISGs act to mask or suppress antiviral RNAi. Here, we demonstrate that LGP2 constitutes one of the ISGs that can inhibit antiviral RNAi in mammals. We show that LGP2 associates with Dicer and inhibits cleavage of dsRNA into siRNAs both in vitro and in cells. Further, we show that in differentiated cells lacking components of the IFN response, ectopic expression of LGP2 interferes with RNAi‐dependent suppression of gene expression. Conversely, genetic loss of LGP2 uncovers dsRNA‐mediated RNAi albeit less strongly than complete loss of the IFN system. Thus, the inefficiency of RNAi as a mechanism of antiviral defence in mammalian somatic cells can be in part attributed to Dicer inhibition by LGP2 induced by type I IFNs. LGP2‐mediated antagonism of dsRNA‐mediated RNAi may help ensure that viral dsRNA substrates are preserved in order to serve as targets of antiviral ISG proteins. 相似文献
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A. Yen J. Fried T. Kitahara Annabel Strife B. D. Clarkson 《Experimental cell research》1975,95(2):295-302
Using a cell line of human lymphoid cells, the kinetic significance of cell size measured at mitosis has been explored using fraction of labelled mitoses data. It was found that smaller cells tend to have progressively longer generation times. The principal mechanism for this generation time dilation is a progressively protracted G 1 duration as cell size decreases. There is a concomitant, but much slighter increase in S phase duration. G 2 duration remains essentially constant irrespective of cell size. 相似文献
40.
Maui L. Hudson Annabel L. M. Ahuriri-Driscoll Marino G. Lea Rod A. Lea 《Journal of bioethical inquiry》2007,4(1):43-49
Whakapapa is the foundation of traditional Māori social structure and it perpetuates a value base that locates people through
their relationships to the physical and spiritual worlds. As part of a new envirogenomics research programme, researchers
at the Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) are developing a study with an iwi (tribe) to identify combinations
of genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to current health status. A major objective of this study is to utilise
whakapapa (genealogical information) to explore patterns of genetic variation unique to the iwi and to correlate these with
potential disease or ill health. Genetic testing and screening raises numerous ethical issues, particularly when indigenous
peoples are the subjects. This paper will outline ESR’s strategy for addressing indigenous concerns about genetic testing
and how whakapapa forms an integral part of the envirogenomics research programme. 相似文献