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51.
Erukainure Ochuko L. Salau Veronica F. Atolani Olubunmi Ravichandran Rahul Banerjee Priyanka Preissner Robert Koorbanally Neil A. Islam Md. Shahidul 《Amino acids》2021,53(7):1135-1151
Amino Acids - The antidiabetic effect of l-leucine has been attributed to its modulatory effect on glucose uptake and lipid metabolism in muscles. However, there is a dearth on its effect on... 相似文献
52.
53.
Sato Nana Yuzawa Mao Aminul Md Islam Tomokiyo Mikado Albarracin Leonardo Garcia-Castillo Valeria Ideka-Ohtsubo Wakako Iwabuchi Noriyuki Xiao Jin-zhong Garcia-Cancino Apolinaria Villena Julio Kitazawa Haruki 《Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins》2021,13(3):824-836
Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - The use of in vitro systems that allow efficient selection of probiotic candidates with immunomodulatory properties could significantly minimize the use of... 相似文献
54.
Jagar?JasemEmail author Kawa?Marof Adnan?Nawar Yosra?Khalaf Sirwan?Aswad Faisal?Hamdani Monirul?Islam Andre?Kalil 《BMC neurology》2013,13(1):195
Background
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in the post-poliomyelitis eradication era. This is the first study done to identify the epidemiology, clinical features, and outcome of GBS in Iraqi children over 15 years.Methods
The surveillance database about AFP cases?<?15 years reported during January 1997-December 2011 was used.Results
GBS represented 52.5% of AFP cases, with an incidence of 1.33 case/100,000 population?<?15 years/year. There was a higher incidence in the Southern provinces, age group 1–4 years, males, and outside the capital city of province, with no significant seasonal variations (p?=?.22). Survival probability after the 1 year of onset for those with respiratory muscle involvement was .76 (95% CI: .60-.86), versus .97 (95% Cl: .96-.98) for those who did not develop it (p?<?.001); and .97 (95% CI: .96-.98) for those living inside the capital city, versus .94 (.93-.95) for those living outside (p?=?.001). Cumulative incidence of residual paralysis for patients living inside the capital city was .21 (95% CI: .18-.24), versus .27 (95% CI: .25-.29) for those living outside (p?<?.001).Conclusions
The incidence, age and gender distribution, and seasonality of GBS among Iraqi children is similar to those reported from other previous studies. It is the most important cause of AFP, especially in those between the age of 1 to 4 years living in rural areas.55.
Henar Hernando Claire Shannon-Lowe Abul B Islam Fatima Al-Shahrour Javier Rodríguez-Ubreva Virginia C Rodríguez-Cortez Biola M Javierre Cristina Mangas Agustín F Fernández Maribel Parra Henri-Jacques Delecluse Manel Esteller Eduardo López-Granados Mario F Fraga Nuria López-Bigas Esteban Ballestar 《Genome biology》2013,14(1):R3
56.
Jason S. Haukoos Jonathan D. Campbell Amy A. Conroy Emily Hopkins Meggan M. Bucossi Comilla Sasson Alia A. Al-Tayyib Mark W. Thrun For the Denver ED HIV Opt-Out Study Group 《PloS one》2013,8(12)
Background
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends nontargeted opt-out HIV screening in healthcare settings. Cost effectiveness is critical when considering potential screening methods. Our goal was to compare programmatic costs of nontargeted opt-out rapid HIV screening with physician-directed diagnostic rapid HIV testing in an urban emergency department (ED) as part of the Denver ED HIV Opt-Out Trial.Methods
This was a prospective cohort study nested in a larger quasi-experiment. Over 16 months, nontargeted rapid HIV screening (intervention) and diagnostic rapid HIV testing (control) were alternated in 4-month time blocks. During the intervention phase, patients were offered HIV testing using an opt-out approach during registration; during the control phase, physicians used a diagnostic approach to offer HIV testing to patients. Each method was fully integrated into ED operations. Direct program costs were determined using the perspective of the ED. Time-motion methodology was used to estimate personnel activity costs. Costs per patient newly-diagnosed with HIV infection by intervention phase, and incremental cost effectiveness ratios were calculated.Results
During the intervention phase, 28,043 eligible patients were included, 6,933 (25%) completed testing, and 15 (0.2%, 95% CI: 0.1%–0.4%) were newly-diagnosed with HIV infection. During the control phase, 29,925 eligible patients were included, 243 (0.8%) completed testing, and 4 (1.7%, 95% CI: 0.4%–4.2%) were newly-diagnosed with HIV infection. Total annualized costs for nontargeted screening were $148,997, whereas total annualized costs for diagnostic HIV testing were $31,355. The average costs per HIV diagnosis were $9,932 and $7,839, respectively. Nontargeted HIV screening identified 11 more HIV infections at an incremental cost of $10,693 per additional infection.Conclusions
Compared to diagnostic testing, nontargeted HIV screening was more costly but identified more HIV infections. More effective and less costly testing strategies may be required to improve the identification of patients with undiagnosed HIV infection in the ED. 相似文献57.
58.
Renske Hijbeek Nico Koedam Md Nabiul Islam Khan James Gitundu Kairo Johan Schoukens Farid Dahdouh-Guebas 《PloS one》2013,8(6)
In vegetation science and forest management, tree density is often used as a variable. To determine the value of this variable, reliable field methods are necessary. When vegetation is sparse or not easily accessible, the use of sample plots is not feasible in the field. Therefore, plotless methods, like the Point Centred Quarter Method, are often used as an alternative. In this study we investigate the accuracy of different plotless sampling methods. To this end, tree densities of a mangrove forest were determined and compared with estimates provided by several plotless methods. None of these methods proved accurate across all field sites with mean underestimations up to 97% and mean overestimations up to 53% in the field. Applying the methods to different vegetation patterns shows that when random spatial distributions were used the true density was included within the 95% confidence limits of all the plotless methods tested. It was also found that, besides aggregation and regularity, density trends often found in mangroves contribute to the unreliability. This outcome raises questions about the use of plotless sampling in forest monitoring and management, as well as for estimates of density-based carbon sequestration. We give recommendations to minimize errors in vegetation surveys and recommendations for further in-depth research. 相似文献
59.
Prabhat Kumar Talukdar Mizanur Rahman Mahdia Rahman Ashikun Nabi Zhahirul Islam M. Mahfuzul Hoque Hubert P. Endtz Mohammad Aminul Islam 《PloS one》2013,8(4)
Background
Unsafe water supplies continue to raise public health concerns, especially in urban areas in low resource countries. To understand the extent of public health risk attributed to supply water in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, Escherichia coli isolated from tap water samples collected from different locations of the city were characterized for their antibiotic resistance, pathogenic properties and genetic diversity.Methodology/Principal Findings
A total of 233 E. coli isolates obtained from 175 tap water samples were analysed for susceptibility to 16 different antibiotics and for the presence of genes associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance. Nearly 36% (n = 84) of the isolates were multi-drug(≥3 classes of antibiotics) resistant (MDR) and 26% (n = 22) of these were positive for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Of the 22 ESBL-producers, 20 were positive for bla CTX-M-15, 7 for bla OXA-1-group (all had bla OXA-47) and 2 for bla CMY-2. Quinolone resistance genes, qnrS and qnrB were detected in 6 and 2 isolates, respectively. Around 7% (n = 16) of the isolates carried virulence gene(s) characteristic of pathogenic E. coli; 11 of these contained lt and/or st and thus belonged to enterotoxigenic E. coli and 5 contained bfp and eae and thus belonged to enteropathogenic E. coli. All MDR isolates carried multiple plasmids (2 to 8) of varying sizes ranging from 1.2 to >120 MDa. Ampicillin and ceftriaxone resistance were co-transferred in conjugative plasmids of 70 to 100 MDa in size, while ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline resistance were co-transferred in conjugative plasmids of 50 to 90 MDa. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed diverse genetic fingerprints of pathogenic isolates.Significance
Multi-drug resistant E. coli are wide spread in public water supply in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Transmission of resistant bacteria and plasmids through supply water pose serious threats to public health in urban areas. 相似文献60.