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131.
Shimakawa Ginga Murakami Akio Niwa Kyosuke Matsuda Yusuke Wada Ayumi Miyake Chikahiro 《Photosynthesis research》2019,139(1-3):401-411
Photosynthesis Research - While subject to illumination, photosystem I (PSI) has the potential to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause photo-oxidative damage in oxygenic... 相似文献
132.
Akio Kamiya 《Physiologia plantarum》1998,104(1):50-55
In DCMU‐poisoned wild‐type and in non‐photosynthetic pigment mutant cells of Chlorella kessleri , grown heterotrophically with glucose as a carbon source and with nitrate as sole nitrogen source, the known blue light‐enhanced uptake of oxygen and breakdown of starch were reduced by staurosporine and K252a, both potent inhibitors of protein kinase C. This corresponded to sensitivity to these inhibitors of blue light‐induced uptake of nitrate of such organisms. Cells grown with ammonia as sole nitrogen source responded to short wavelength visible irradiation with an increase in oxygen uptake, and this, too, was inhibited by staurosporine and K252a. However, these cells did not show any blue light‐enhanced uptake of nitrate. From these results, enhanced consumption of oxygen under blue light cannot be a consequence of blue light‐induced protein phosphorylation involved in the light‐dependent uptake of nitrate. However, existence of a specific protein phosphorylation within the process of enhancement of oxygen uptake under blue light is not yet proven by the data. There might be a master reaction that induces both processes independently, or there may be influences of other light‐induced processes which lead to enhanced starch breakdown, thereby supplying the glucose for oxidative degradation. 相似文献
133.
Cryosections and whole-mount preparations of the guinea pig small intestine and colon were single or double immunolabeled
using the anti-c-Kit and protein gene product 9.5 antibodies. Immunolabeled specimens were observed under a confocal laser
scanning microscope. The main findings of the present study are: (1) the distribution and profiles of three-dimensional structures
of c-Kit-positive cellular networks in the small intestine and colon, and (2) the anatomical relations of c-Kit-positive cells
to the enteric nerves in the layers. In the small intestine, c-Kit-positive cellular networks were observed at levels of the
deep muscular plexus and myenteric plexus. The c-Kit-positive cellular networks ran along or overlay the nerve fibers at the
deep muscular plexus, while they showed the reticular structures intermingled with the nerve elements at the myenteric plexus.
In the colon, c-Kit-positive cellular networks were observed at levels of the submuscular plexus and myenteric plexus, and
were further identified within the circular and longitudinal muscle layers as well as in the subserosal layer. In the circular
muscle layer, c-Kit-positive cells surrounded the associated nerve fibers and extended several long processes toward the adjacent
c-Kit-positive cells. The c-Kit-positive cellular networks within the longitudinal muscle layer as well as in the subserosal
layer were not associated with the nerve fibers. In the layers of the intestinal wall with c-Kit-positive cells, the cellular
networks of the interstitial cells were identified in ultrastructure. The characteristic profiles of c-Kit-positive cellular
networks provide a morphological basis upon which to investigate the mechanisms regulating intestinal movement.
Received: 14 July 1998 / Accepted: 2 September 1998 相似文献
134.
ATP amplification for ultrasensitive bioluminescence assay: detection of a single bacterial cell 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Satoh T Kato J Takiguchi N Ohtake H Kuroda A 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2004,68(6):1216-1220
We developed an ultrasensitive bioluminescence assay of ATP by employing (i) adenylate kinase (ADK) for converting AMP + ATP to two molecules of ADP, (ii) polyphosphate (polyP) kinase (PPK) for converting ADP back to ATP (ATP amplification), and (iii) a commercially available firefly luciferase. A highly purified PPK-ADK fusion protein efficiently amplified ATP, resulting in high levels of bioluminescence in the firefly luciferase reaction. The present method, which was approximately 10,000-fold more sensitive to ATP than the conventional bioluminescence assay, allowed us to detect bacterial contamination as low as one colony-forming unit (CFU) of Escherichia coli per assay. 相似文献
135.
The fruit of Viburnum dilatatum Thunb, called gamazumi in Japan, showed the strong antioxidant activities, and its preventive effects on oxidative stress and active ingredients were investigated. Male rats were subjected to water immersion restraint stress for 6 hours, after ingestion of the gamazumi crude extract (GCE) for 2 weeks. The formation of gastric ulcer was reduced, and the lipid peroxidation in plasma and organs also lowered in rats ingested GCE. In the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats given GCE for 10 weeks, inhibition of lipid peroxidation in plasma, erythrocytes and organs was observed, and the increase of plasma glucose level also lowered. On the other hand, two cyanidin glycosides, two chlorogenic acids and quercetin were identified, and especially cyanidin 3-sambubioside (Cy 3-sam) showed the strong radical scavenging activity. It is suggested that Cy 3-sam is a key compound contributing to the physiological effects of V. dilatatum fruit. 相似文献
136.
Different odorants are recognized by different combinations of G protein-coupled olfactory receptors, and thereby, odor identity is determined by a combinatorial receptor code for each odorant. We recently demonstrated that odorants appeared to compete for receptor sites to act as an agonist or an antagonist. Therefore, in natural circumstances where we always perceive a mixture of various odorants, olfactory receptor antagonism between odorants may result in a receptor code for the mixture that cannot be predicted from the codes for its individual components. Here we show that stored isoeugenol has an antagonistic effect on a mouse olfactory receptor, mOR-EG. However, freshly purified isoeugenol did not have an inhibitory effect. Instead, an isoeugenol derivative produced during storage turned out to be a potent competitive antagonist of mOR-EG. Structural analysis revealed that this derivative is an oxidatively dimerized isoeugenol that naturally occurs by oxidative reaction. The current study indicates that as odorants age, they decompose or react with other odorants, which in turn affects responsiveness of an olfactory receptor(s). 相似文献
137.
Flower color modulations of Torenia hybrida by downregulation of chalcone synthase genes with RNA interference 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Fukusaki E Kawasaki K Kajiyama S An CI Suzuki K Tanaka Y Kobayashi A 《Journal of biotechnology》2004,111(3):229-240
Suppression of biosynthetic genes involved in flower color formation is an important approach for obtaining target flower colors. Here we report that flower color of the garden plant Torenia hybrida was successfully modulated by RNA interference (RNAi) against a gene of chalcone synthase (CHS), a key enzyme for anthocyanin and flavonoid biosynthesis. By using each of the coding region and the 3'-untranslated region of the CHS mRNA as an RNAi target, exhaustive and gene-specific gene silencing were successfully induced, and the original blue flower color was modulated to white and pale colors, respectively. Our results indicate that RNAi is quite useful for modulations of flower colors of commercially important garden plants. 相似文献
138.
Ruan Z Koizumi T Sakai A Ishizaki T Wang Z Chen Q Wang X 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2004,174(7):549-554
To compare the role of nitric oxide in an adaptive process to chronic hypoxia, we examined the effects of endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibition on pulmonary vascular tone in conscious sheep and pigs living at high altitude. Unanesthetized male sheep (n=6) and pigs (n=5), born and residing in the highlands of Qinghai Province, China (2,300–3,000 m a.s.l.) were studied at that altitude. Pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (Pcwp), and cardiac output (CO) were measured. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was calculated as (Ppa—Pcwp)/CO. Using a climatic chamber, hemodynamic measurements during exposures to atmospheric pressures corresponding to altitudes of 0, 2,300, and 4,500 m a.s.l. were performed with and without NO inhibition, using Nw-nitro-l-argine (NLA; 20 mg kg–1), a potent stereospecific competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Ppa and PVR at baseline (2,300 m) and during hypoxic exposure (4,500 m) were significantly higher in pigs than in sheep. After NLA administration, Ppa increased and CO decreased in both animals, resulting in significantly increased PVR at baseline and during hypoxic exposure. However, there were no significant differences in the percent increase in basal or hypoxic PVR after NLA administration between sheep and pigs. We conclude that augmented endogenous NO production could contribute to the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone at high altitude in sheep and pigs. However, it is unlikely that NO is responsible for the different pulmonary vascular tones between sheep and pigs at basal condition at moderately high altitude.Communicated by G. Heldmaier 相似文献
139.
Satow T Ikeda A Yamamoto J Begum T Thuy DH Matsuhashi M Mima T Nagamine T Baba K Mihara T Inoue Y Miyamoto S Hashimoto N Shibasaki H 《American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology》2004,287(2):G459-G470
We investigated the role of the cerebral cortex, particularly the face/tongue area of the primary sensorimotor (SMI) cortex (face/tongue) and supplementary motor area (SMA), in volitional swallowing by recording movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs). MRCPs with swallowing and tongue protrusion were recorded from scalp electrodes in eight normal right-handed subjects and from implanted subdural electrodes in six epilepsy patients. The experiment by scalp EEG in normal subjects revealed that premovement Bereitschaftspotentials (BP) activity for swallowing was largest at the vertex and lateralized to either hemisphere in the central area. The experiment by epicortical EEG in patients confirmed that face/tongue SMI and SMA were commonly involved in swallowing and tongue protrusion with overlapping distribution and interindividual variability. BP amplitude showed no difference between swallowing and tongue movements, either at face/tongue SMI or at SMA, whereas postmovement potential (PMP) was significantly larger in tongue protrusion than in swallowing only at face/tongue SMI. BP occurred earlier in swallowing than in tongue protrusion. Comparison between face/tongue SMI and SMA did not show any difference with regard to BP and PMP amplitude or BP onset time in either task. The preparatory role of the cerebral cortex in swallowing was similar to that in tongue movement, except for earlier activation in swallowing. Postmovement processing of swallowing was lesser than that of tongue movement in face/tongue SMI; probably suggesting that the cerebral cortex does not play a significant role in postmovement processing of swallowing. SMA plays a supplementary role to face/tongue SMI both in swallowing and tongue movements. 相似文献
140.
Sato N Shibata T Jitsuoka M Ohno T Takahashi T Hirohashi T Kanno T Iwaasa H Kanatani A Fukami T 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2004,14(7):1761-1764
A series of substituted 4-alkoxy-2-aminopyridines 2, which were formally derived from neuropeptide Y1 antagonist 1 by replacing the morpholino portion with alkoxy groups, were synthesized and evaluated as neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonists. Primary structure-activity relationships and identification of potent 4-alkoxy derivatives are described. 相似文献