Diseases and deaths; a summary of data from the Los Angeles County General Hospital, 1918 to 1948

Classification of the 2,557,035 diagnoses made in 1,168,139 different patients at the Los Angeles County General Hospital in the period 1918-48 has been compiled according to the new International List of Causes of Diseases and Death. Similar tabulation of the 377,776 diagnoses made in the 112,409 patients who died while in the hospital reflects the fatality rates associated with these diagnoses. Striking differences are shown in the incidence and fatality rates in the various conditions and great changes have occurred in both during this time. Defects and sources of error in these data are recognized, but they offer a wealth of valuable material for further study and interpretation.     

新疆晚三叠世哈萨克虫动物群的进一步研究

新疆上三叠统黄山街组的哈萨克虫是一种已经绝灭了的淡水甲壳类，它与背甲目的淡水鲎虫是形态相似、关系密切、平行演化的两个枝系，但地质和地理分布远比后者短和局限，在划分和对比有关陆相地层上十分有意义。过去国内外学者曾对它进行过多次研究，但对化石本身一些结构构造和形态功能的了解还不十分清楚，甚或有错误。本文所研究的材料采自吐鲁番、准噶尔和塔里木盆地，270块标本上有400多个体，近半数保存有软体印模，有些标本连胸肢上透明的扇叶的轮廓也由刚毛的痕模压印了出来，有些标本上还保存有卵粒、食物团、才由肛门排出的粪便以及刚刚孵化出来的幼仔等，精美绝伦，堪称化石矿珍藏。通过对这些材料的研究，发现哈萨克虫有一对远远分开的眼睛长在唇瓣后侧前额的外缘，背器官下方的圆形凸起不是“一双愈合的复眼”，而与颚间片上的构造有关；除第二触角外还有第一触角，比前者略短；11对胸肢的最后两对稍有变化，其前端的3个内肢退化成2个，修正了过去对每个胸肢结构构造认识上的错误，找到了鳃副叶与扇叶的正确位置。记述了淡水鲎虫与哈萨克虫的区别，阐明了后者的生活习性，并对其个体发育、筋肉系统、血液与脱氧的关系、生存古环境等方面的问题进行了讨论和探索     

Studies on preimplantation development of buffalo embryos

A total of 71 lactating and nonlactating buffalo-cows of the Murrah breed and F(1)-F(3) crossbreds of Murrah x Bulgarian buffalo were used for a year as donors of embryos after a preliminary treatment for superovulation induction with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in combination with prostaglandin F-2 alpha analog (PGF-2 alpha) according to general application procedures in cows. From 36 to 72 h following prostaglandin injection, the buffalo-cows were checked with the help of a teaser bull for detection of estrus. The animals in estrus were inseminated twice either naturally or artificially with frozen semen. Nonsurgical flushing of the uterine horns was done in 45 of the buffalo-cows between 108 and 162 h after the onset of estrus. After slaughter the uterine horns and oviducts of the other 26 animals were flushed separately between 74 and 108 h after the beginning of estrus. Seven late morulae and eight hatched blastocysts were recovered between 114 and 116 h from the onset of estrus as a result of nonsurgical flushing. All of the 40 embryos recovered after 117 h were in the hatched blastocyst stage. As a result of flushing the oviducts and the uterine horns of slaughtered donors between 74 and 100 h, eggs were obtained only from the oviducts, while flushing conducted between 102 and 108 yielded eggs from both the oviducts and the uterine horns.     

Radiology: angiographic diagnosis and therapy for impotence

The Scientific Board of the California Medical Association presents the following inventory of items of progress in radiology. Each item, in the judgment of a panel of knowledgeable physicians, has recently become reasonably firmly established, both as to scientific fact and important clinical significance. The items are presented in simple epitome, and an authoritative reference, both to the item itself and to the subject as a whole, is generally given for those who may be unfamiliar with a particular item. The purpose is to assist busy practitioners, students, research workers or scholars to stay abreast of these items of progress in radiology that have recently achieved a substantial degree of authoritative acceptance, whether in their own field of special interest or another.The items of progress listed below were selected by the Advisory Panel to the Section on Radiology of the California Medical Association and the summaries were prepared under its direction.     

Seasonal changes in inhibin activity in seminal plasma and serum concentrations of FSH, LH and testosterone in the male goat (Capra hircus)

Inhibin activity in goat seminal plasma was measured by in vitro assay throughout successive 9 months and its relationship with the serum FSH, LH and testosterone concentrations was investigated. Total inhibin activity (TIA) in seminal plasma gradually increased from spring to summer, reduced in autumn (P<0.05) and recovered toward winter (P<0.05). Serum FSH and LH reached a peak in mid-summer (P<0.01) and returned to the low levels in autumn. Serum testosterone also increased in mid-summer and kept the high levels until the early winter (P<0.05). Some positive correlation was found in monthly levels between seminal TIA and serum FSH (r=0.305; P<0.05). Results suggest that the summer increase of inhibin activity in seminal plasma relates with the mid-summer rise of serum FSH levels in the male goat.