蚕豆特矮秆突变体的遗传研究

用在国内首次发现的蚕豆特矮秆突变体的优良后代“鄂农 82矮”及高秆品种“启豆1号”为亲本, 研究了株高及其与株高密切有关的两个性状──节间长和节数的遗传。结果表明:株高、节间长、节数3个性状受核基因控制,不存在任何形式的母性遗传。供试双亲株高性状存在一对基因的差异,我们用Df-df表示这一基因座的两个等位基因,高秆亲本基因型为Df Df,矮秆亲本的基因型为dfdf,高秆对矮秆为显性。数量遗传分析表明,3个性状的遗传均符合加性显性模型,株高、节长的加性效应和显性效应都很重要,显性度接近于1。节数仅受加性效应控制,显性效应不显著。 Abstract:DwarF Enong 82,which derived from the unique dwarf mutant discovered in China,was crossed with the commercial broad bean cultivar Qidou 1.From the crossing six basic generations were generated for studing the genetical behaviors of plant height and two related characters i.e. node length and number of nodes.The results showed that the three characters were governed by nuclear genes.The difference in plant height between two parents was related to a loci,which was designated Df-df.Generation mean analyses revealed that the additive-dominance model was adequate to interpreting the inheritance of the three characters.The estimates of number of genes controlling these characterswere the same astheresults with Mendlian methods.     

对水稻第9和第12染色体编号分歧的细胞学考证

在水稻细胞遗传研究中, 对于染色体编号有着较多的争议,这在几条长度较短的染色体上显得尤为突出。为有比较地研究这几条染色体在水稻染色体组中的正确编号,本研究以涉及两条较短染色体相互易位的易位杂合体RT9-12为材料,分析了易位系与普通品种日本晴减数分裂粗线期染色体的形态特征。结果表明,该易位系的易位染色体并非第9和第12染色体,而是第10和第11染色体,从而认为目前国际上统一编号的第9、12染色体,根据染色体的实际长度可能分别为第10、11染色体。 Abstract:Rice chromosomes in mitosis are usually too small to be identified clearly one from others.In recent years,pachytene chromosomes in meiosis have been in vestigated intensively for establishing unified numbering system.However,divergence in numbering system is still existing especially for some short chromosomes such as chromosome 9 and 12.In order to verify these chromosomes,a translocation line RT9-12 and a japonica variety Nipponbare were carefully investigated for all the chromosomes morphologically in late pachytene stage.It was found that the chromosomes involved in translocation were chromosome 10 and 11 in stead of chromosome 9 and 12 as being compared with the karyotype of Nipponbare.So we consider that the chromosome 9 and 12 in the present rice chromosome numbering system could be chromosome 10 and 11 according to their length,arm ratio and the relationship with nucleolus.     

胸内压

在胸膜的壁层和脏层之间有一个密闭的、潜在的腔隙叫胸膜腔,胸膜腔中的压力叫做胸内压。胸膜的壁层由于受到坚实胸廓的支持,大气压不能通过胸廓作用于胸膜腔,胸膜的脏层覆盖在肺的表面,肺内压通过胸膜的脏层作用于胸膜腔,胸内压应等于肺内压。但是,由于胸廓和肺的自然容积相差较大,肺泡壁中的弹性纤维产生弹性回缩力(约占肺总回缩力的1/3),再加上肺泡表面的液层产生的表面张力(约占肺总回缩力的2/3),它们的作用方向和肺内压相反,所以,胸内压=肺内压(大气压)-肺回缩力。若用特制的检压计来测量胸内压,可测得在整个平静呼吸过程中,胸内压均低于大气压(正常人约低3-10mmHg),一般称为胸内负压,其实称为胸内负压是不正确的,只是人们长期的应用已经习惯     

天津沿海滩涂互花米草种群生殖分株数量特征及生殖分配研究

通过对天津沿海滩涂单优群落的取样调查,研究了互花米草种群生殖分株的数量特征和生殖分配规律。结果表明,在籽实成熟期,互花米草种群单个生殖分株重为15.62±9.26 g,穗和种子重分别为2.68±2.08和1.39±1.12 g,小穗和种子数分别为537.7±362.2和490.2±376.3个,生殖分配Ⅰ和生殖分配Ⅱ分别为15.02±5.83和7.62±3.8%,结实率为81.9 ±28.6%。穗和种子的形成分别需要分株积累3.2和3.6 g以上的生物量。穗长、穗重、种子数、小穗数、生殖分配Ⅰ和生殖分配Ⅱ分别与分株高度呈极显著(p<0.01)的正相关关系。穗重、小穗数、种子重、种子数、生殖分配Ⅰ和生殖分配Ⅱ分别与分株重呈极显著(p<0.01)的线性正相关关系。种子数、小穗数、生殖分配Ⅰ和生殖分配Ⅱ分别与茎和叶鞘生物量分配呈极显著(p<0.01)的负相关关系。穗各构件在空间上的分布也存在较强的规律性。     

Chromophore-protein interactions in the anthozoan green fluorescent protein asFP499

Despite their similar fold topologies, anthozoan fluorescent proteins (FPs) can exhibit widely different optical properties, arising either from chemical modification of the chromophore itself or from specific interactions of the chromophore with the surrounding protein moiety. Here we present a structural and spectroscopic investigation of the green FP asFP499 from the sea anemone Anemonia sulcata var. rufescens to explore the effects of the protein environment on the chromophore. The optical absorption and fluorescence spectra reveal two discrete species populated in significant proportions over a wide pH range. Moreover, multiple protonation reactions are evident from the observed pH-dependent spectral changes. The x-ray structure of asFP499, determined by molecular replacement at a resolution of 1.85 A, shows the typical beta-barrel fold of the green FP from Aequorea victoria (avGFP). In its center, the chromophore, formed from the tripeptide Gln(63)-Tyr(64)-Gly(65), is tightly held by multiple hydrogen bonds in a polar cage that is structurally quite dissimilar to that of avGFP. The x-ray structure provides interesting clues as to how the spectroscopic properties are fine tuned by the chromophore environment.     

Karyomorphology of three species in Dipentodon （Dipentodontaceae）, Perrottetia （Celastraceae）, and Tapiscia （Tapisciaceae） of the order Huerteales and their phylogenetic implications

Abstract The karyomorphology of three species in Dipentodon （Dipentodontaceae）, Perrottetia （Celastraceae）, and Tapiscia （Tapisciaceae）, namely Dipentodon sinicus, Perrottetia racemosa, and Tapiscia sinensis, was investigated in the present study. Recent molecular research has discovered close relationships among these three genera, which has led to the establishment of the order Huerteales with Perrottetia being placed in Dipentodontaceae. Herein we report the chromosome numbers of D. sinicus and P. racemosa for the first time, and present their karyotype formulas as 2n = 34 = 22 sm ＋ 12 st （D. sinicus）, 2n = 20 = 11 m ＋ 9 sm （P. racemosa）, and 2n = 30 = 22 m（2SAT） ＋ 8sm （T. sinensis）. Asymmetry of their karyotypes is categorized to be Type 3B in D. sinicus, Type 2A in P. racemosa, and Type 2A in T. sinensis. Each of the species shows special cytological features. Compared with Perrottetia, Dipentodon has a different basic chromosome number, a higher karyotype asymmetry, and different karyomorphology of its interphase nuclei, mitotic prophase, and metaphase. Thus, on the basis of these results, we have reservations regarding the suggestion of placing Dipentodon and Perrottetia together in the family Dipentodontaceae.     

Proteomic analysis of inflammatory biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage

To assess markers of lung inflammation, we used SELDI-TOF and 2-DE to study changes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) protein in 33 subjects challenged with local bronchial lung endotoxin and saline and in 11 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Differences in the SELDI-TOF spectra were assessed by t-test after baseline subtraction, normalization to total ion current and alignment by m/z calibration. The temporal changes in acute inflammatory BAL (6, 24 and 48 h following endotoxin challenge) on hydrophobic binding chip surfaces revealed the differential presence of proteins of 9, 14, 18 and 28 kDa (all p <0.001) in the inflammatory BAL. This differential pattern was also found in the ARDS BAL. Principal component analysis of the entire SELDI-TOF spectra separated normal BAL, experimental and clinical lung inflammation supporting the notion of a distinctive protein pattern associated with acute lung inflammation. An analysis of the hydrophobic fraction of the inflammatory BAL using 2-DE, identified increased levels of apolipoprotein A1, and S100 calcium-binding proteins A8 and A9 in the inflammatory BAL. This pattern was also found in ARDS BAL after immunoblot analysis. These approaches will be useful to improve current methods of monitoring lung inflammation and to identify new therapeutic targets.     

Decreased proteasome-mediated degradation in T cells from the elderly: A role in immune senescence

Induction of NFkappaB is a highly regulated process requiring phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and proteasome-mediated degradation of the cytosolic inhibitor IkappaBalpha. Analyses of the regulation of IkappaBalpha in TNF-alpha-treated T lymphocytes from young and elderly donors revealed severely compromised degradation of IkappaBalpha in T cells from the elderly. Examination of activation-induced phosphorylation and ubiquitination of IkappaBalpha did not demonstrate any significant age-related alterations. However, examination of proteasome activity in these T cells using fluorogenic peptide assays revealed a significant age-related decline in chymotryptic activity. These results suggest that a decline in proteasome activity results in a failure to fully degrade IkappaBalpha in the elderly. This failure to degrade IkappaBalpha may underlie both the observed decrease in NFkappaB induction and the IL-2 receptor expression in TNF-treated T cells during aging. Thus, decreased proteasome-mediated degradation may be central to immune dysfunction that accompanies aging.