丁草胺在不同类型水中的光化学降解

研究了除草剂丁草胺在氙灯、高压汞灯光照下的光解动态。结果表明,丁草胺在氙灯光照作用下,其光解速率为纯水>河水>塘水>稻田水;丁草胺在氙灯光源下的光解速度比高压汞灯下低;其光解率与浓度(剂量)呈反相关;充N₂脱O₂使丁草胺的光解速度减缓。     

蝙蝠蛾拟青霉菌丝体发酵的研究

用20t发酵罐培养蝙蝠蛾拟青霉。菌粉收率达2．5％,D-甘露醇含量大于8％,腺苷含量大于0．2％．对发酵过程中pH、总糖、还原糖、得率、折光等的变化规律进行了考察．确定以发酵液pH的升高和还原糖含量作为综合判断发酵终点的依据．     

不同化学杂交剂(CHA)对小麦花药同工酶影响的研究

在小麦叶枕距±2cm时, 喷施4种不同化学杂交剂(CHA)后, 分别取小孢子处于不同发育阶段的花药, 进行过氧化酶(POD)、淀粉酶(Amy)和酯酶(Est)等同工酶的分析。研究表明: 在小孢子母细胞减数分裂期, 处理2、3和4 三种CHA对POD的A1、A2; B2、B4和B5; C1、C2和C3同工酶带的活性均有明显的抑制作用; 处理5除去对A1和A2表现抑制外, 对其他酶带的活性均有增强作用。在单核早期, 处理2和3的A、B和C区POD 同工酶活性均明显低于对照; 处理4和5上述各区POD同工酶活性却明显高于对照。 在上述两个发育时期, 处理2对Amy1区酶活性有增强作用, 而处理3、4和5对该区酶活性却表现了专一性的抑制。各处理对Est同工酶A区和B 区的酶活性主要表现为抑制。实验结果表明, 不同的CHA均通过干扰花药的物质和能量代谢而导致雄性生理性不育。 Abstract:When the distance between wheat (T. aestivum ) flag leaf and it's adjucent leaf is about ± 2cm, four different kinds of CHA (Chemical Hybridizing Agents) were sprayed, then we took the anthers which were at different microspore's development stages to make POD、Amy and Est isoenzymes analysis. The study showed that: during the microsporocyte meiophase, treatmant 2、3 and 4, the three kinds of CHAs had evident inhibitation on the activity of POD's bands A1、A2; bands B2、B4 and B5; bands C1、C2and C3. CHA of treatment 5 had inhibitation on bands A1 and A2, but could promote the activity of the other POD bands. During the early uninucleate stage, the POD activity on area A、area B and area C with CHAs of treatment 2、3 was obviousely lower than the control. But in these areas POD activity with CHAs of treatment 4、5 was obviousely higher than the control. During the above two development stages, CHA of treatment 2 obviously strengthened the activity of Amy1area; on the other hand, CHAs of treatment 3、4 and 5 have the unique inhibitation in the same area. All the treatments mainly had inhibitant effects on the activities of Ests area A and area B. The study shows that all the different CHAs bring about male physiological sterility. Through disturbing the anther's metabolism of substances and energy.     

实验室内树鼩爆发间质性肺炎的报告

在动物室内饲养的树鼩于2003年4月至8月爆发了一次间质性肺炎。疫情特征为患病动物呼吸窘迫,发病急,死亡率高,主要累及新生或幼年动物,红霉素类抗生素有显著的防治效果。病理检查见光镜下肺组织呈间质性肺炎改变,肺泡腔内无渗出。推测此次疫情的病原为肺炎支原体。     

西花蓟马消化酶对食物短期适应的生化机制

为明确西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis消化酶对食物适应的生化机制,用玫瑰花瓣、玫瑰花朵（含花粉花蜜）和10%蜂蜜水+菜豆豆荚3种食物分别饲养西花蓟马雌成虫,测定西花蓟马在取食1、3、6、9、12、24和48 h后其雌成虫体内α-淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和胰凝乳蛋白酶活性的变化。结果表明,取食玫瑰花朵的西花蓟马体内α-淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性最高,大多数时间下取食玫瑰花瓣的最低。随取食时间延长,除取食玫瑰花瓣的西花蓟马虫体α-淀粉酶是先降低后升高外,取食另外2种食物的α-淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性均是先升高后降低。西花蓟马体内胰凝乳蛋白酶的活性在3~6 h时取食玫瑰花朵的活性最低,在其余时间下酶活性的变化在3种食物间没有明显的规律。结果说明,西花蓟马可通过快速调节体内消化酶活性来适应不同食物的变化,达到自身生长发育对营养物质的需求。     

用RAPD方法对平菇、香菇属间原生质体融合子的研究

RAPD是一种新的分子生物学技术。本实验用28个随机引物对平菇、香菇及其融合子进行PCR扩增, 在融合子谱带中,有64条与平菇相同(与平菇的相似指数SI=70.6%),14条与香菇相同(SI=33.6%),另外有26条谱带为双亲与融合子所共有。本实验结果说明融合子是双亲融合的产物,但在融合过程中,从双亲获得的遗传信息不等。本实验首次在食用真菌中获得了原生质体融合的分子生物学证据。我们认为,在食用菌研究中,RAPD将是一种有重要价值的分析方法。 Abstract:RAPD is a novel molecular biological technique.P.sapidus,L.edodes and their intergeneric fusants were tested by RAPD method using 28 randomly selected primers.In bands gained from fusants by amplification reaction,there were 64 bands with the same position as in P.sapidus (the similarity index (SI) was 70.6%),14 bands as in L.edodes.This results illustrated that fusants are true hybrid derived from protoplast fusion procedure,but the genetic information obtained from the two parents were not equal.Molecular biological evidence of protoplast fusion had obtained first time in edible mushroom by RAPD method in this experiment,we suggest that this technique is a valuable genetic marker for mushroom study.     

沱江宽体华鳅繁殖特性

对2010年4~11月采集于沱江资中段的573尾宽体华鳅（Sinibotia reevesae）进行了繁殖特性研究。结果表明：宽体华鳅性腺发育分为6期,5月卵巢发育到Ⅳ期,精巢发育到Ⅴ期。繁殖期在5~8月,盛期为6~7月,可通过胸鳍和生殖孔差异辨别性别。繁殖群体雌雄性比为1︰1.15,2~3龄性成熟,性成熟最小年龄两性均为2龄,为补充群体占优势的繁殖群体。雄性（Ⅴ期）最小性成熟个体体长71 mm,体重5.43 g,成熟系数4.76%,雌性（Ⅲ期）最小性成熟个体体长76 mm,体重7.80 g,成熟系数1.46%。成熟卵巢中卵子大小基本一致,卵径分布为单峰型,属于单次产卵类型;繁殖群体体长76~120 mm,体重7.80~41.60 g;卵小,沉性,野生条件下胚胎发育需要流速较快的流水环境。     

未传粉烟草子房离体培养胚状体的发育

关于离体培养未传粉子房获得的单倍体植 株,是从胚珠中的哪一部分长出来的,以及通过 什么样的发育过程而长成单倍体植株的,迄今 在国内外尚未见报道。我们在烟草和小麦方面 培养未传粉的子房获得了单倍体植株,并有重 复试验的结果。     

高尔基体跨膜糖蛋白73高表达诱发脂肪肝的脂类特性分析

脂肪性肝病是最常见的慢性肝脏疾病,脂质代谢异常是脂肪性肝病发生的重要原因。为研究高尔基体糖蛋白(Golgi protein 73, GP73)对肝脏脂质代谢的影响,选用八周龄C57BL/6J小鼠通过尾静脉注射搭载GP73的腺相关病毒(AAV-GP73),构建肝脏特异性高表达GP73的小鼠,通过对肝脏进行脂质代谢组学分析发现小鼠肝脏中的脂质尤其是甘油三酯明显增加。京都基因与基因组百科全书(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, KEGG)富集分析显示,GP73通过引起脂代谢产物的改变导致诸多与细胞代谢活动相关的信号通路出现紊乱,特别是与人类密切相关的疾病如Ⅱ型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)和癌细胞胆碱代谢更可能发生失调。研究表明,GP73可能通过参与调控脂类代谢并促进肝脏内脂质积累诱发脂肪肝。