水稻细菌性穗枯病的病原特性和抗性研究进展

水稻(Oryza sativa)细菌性穗枯病是世界性的重要病害之一, 严重威胁全球范围水稻的高产稳产。虽然该病目前仍被列为我国的检疫性病害, 但近几年的研究表明, 穗枯病随时有在内地蔓延的潜在危险, 因此除了加强检疫工作, 开展针对性的防控技术研发也十分必要。水稻细菌性穗枯病菌在侵染过程中涉及多种毒力因子, 同时, 水稻在与病原菌的长期互作过程中演化出了多种防卫机制, 抗性基因是主要的防卫机制之一。挖掘水稻基因组中抗细菌性穗枯病遗传位点并培育抗病品种是最安全且经济有效的防治途径。该文综述了水稻细菌性穗枯病的病原菌特性、发病特征、发病机制、病害循环和对水稻细菌性穗枯病的抗性研究现状, 以期为挖掘和分离水稻穗枯病抗性位点提供参考。     

水稻稻瘟病抗性基因的克隆、育种利用及稻瘟菌无毒基因研究进展

稻瘟病是世界上影响水稻(Oryza sativa)粮食生产的主要病害之一, 抗病基因的发掘与利用是抗病育种的基础和核心。随着寄主水稻和病原菌稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)基因组测序和基因注释的完成, 水稻和稻瘟病菌的互作体系成为研究植物与真菌互作的模式系统。该文对稻瘟病抗病基因的遗传、定位、克隆及育种利用进行概述, 并通过生物信息学分析方法, 探讨了水稻全基因组中NBS-LRR类抗病基因在水稻12条染色体上的分布情况, 同时对稻瘟病菌无毒基因的鉴定及无毒蛋白与抗病蛋白的互作进行初步分析。最后对稻瘟病抗病基因研究存在的问题进行分析并展望了未来的研究方向, 以期为水稻抗稻瘟病育种发展和抗病机制的深入理解提供参考。     

香鳞毛蕨 1 脱氧 D 木酮糖 5 磷酸合酶基因的克隆及表达分析

1 脱氧 D 木酮糖 5 磷酸合酶(DXS)是甲基 D 赤藓醇 4 磷酸(MEP)途径中控制影响植物萜类化合物合成的第一个限速酶。该研究对香鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris fragrans)DfDXS基因进行序列特征及生物信息学分析,并通过qRT PCR技术分析其在外源激素、干旱、盐胁迫、高温及低温处理下的表达模式,旨在探究DfDXS基因在香鳞毛蕨萜类生物合成及抗逆机制中的作用,为进一步解析香鳞毛蕨抗逆分子机制奠定基础。结果显示：(1) DfDXS1基因全长2 139 bp,编码712个氨基酸,而DfDXS2全长2 160 bp,编码719个氨基酸;结构域分析显示,其具有典型的转酮醇酶保守域,包含焦磷酸硫胺素结合位点和转酮醇酶结构域;DfDXS氨基酸序列与江南卷柏(Selaginella moellendorffii)和银杏(Ginkgo biloba)的DXS等关系较近。(2)水杨酸(SA)处理下,DfDXS基因的相对表达量先升高后降低;脱落酸(ABA)抑制DfDXS的表达;DfDXS1/2在茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理下相对表达水平均显著高于对照;乙烯利(Eth)抑制DfDXS的表达,但DfDXS1处理3 h时表达水平显著高于对照。(3)聚乙二醇(PEG)、高温和低温均诱导DfDXS1上调表达。研究推测,香鳞毛蕨DXS基因在萜类物质合成与逆境胁迫机制中发挥着重要的作用。     

Symposium: ethical considerations in HIV preventive vaccine research: examining the 18 UNAIDS guidance points. The 18 UNAIDS guidance points

Here are the 18 guidance points contained in the UNAIDS document on Ethical Considerations in HIV Preventive Vaccine Research, reproduced by kind permission of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).     

工业酶国家工程实验室

为贯彻落实《国家自主创新基础能力建设“十一五”规划》,促进高技术产业发展,加快资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设,国家发展和改革委员会于2007年下发《关于请组织申报2007年第二批国家工程研究中心及国家工程实验室项目的通知》（发改办高技[2007]2513号）．决定在资源、     

Maintenance treatment with esomeprazole following initial relief of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated upper gastrointestinal symptoms: the NASA2 and SPACE2 studies

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, cause upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms that are relieved by treatment with esomeprazole. We assessed esomeprazole for maintaining long-term relief of such symptoms. Six hundred and ten patients with a chronic condition requiring anti-inflammatory therapy who achieved relief of NSAID-associated symptoms of pain, discomfort, or burning in the upper abdomen during two previous studies were enrolled and randomly assigned into two identical, multicentre, parallel-group, placebo-controlled studies of esomeprazole 20 mg or 40 mg treatment (NASA2 [Nexium Anti-inflammatory Symptom Amelioration] and SPACE2 [Symptom Prevention by Acid Control with Esomeprazole] studies; ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT00241514 and NCT00241553, respectively) performed at various rheumatology, gastroenterology, and primary care clinics. Four hundred and twenty-six patients completed the 6-month treatment period. The primary measure was the proportion of patients with relapse of upper GI symptoms, recorded in daily diary cards, after 6 months. Relapse was defined as moderate-to-severe upper GI symptoms (a score of more than or equal to 3 on a 7-grade scale) for 3 days or more in any 7-day period. Esomeprazole was significantly more effective than placebo in maintaining relief of upper GI symptoms throughout 6 months of treatment. Life-table estimates (95% confidence intervals) of the proportion of patients with relapse at 6 months (pooled population) were placebo, 39.1% (32.2% to 46.0%); esomeprazole 20 mg, 29.3% (22.3% to 36.2%) (p = 0.006 versus placebo); and esomeprazole 40 mg, 26.1% (19.4% to 32.9%) (p = 0.001 versus placebo). Patients on either non-selective NSAIDs or selective COX-2 inhibitors appeared to benefit. The frequency of adverse events was similar in the three groups. Esomeprazole maintains relief of NSAID-associated upper GI symptoms in patients taking continuous NSAIDs, including selective COX-2 inhibitors.     

药物临床试验伦理审查存在的问题及对策研究

依据GCP药物临床试验管理规范,分析我国药物临床试验伦理审查工作中存在的问题,从如何保障受试者知情同意、加强伦理委员伦理知识培训、全程伦理监督及引入伦理验收、加强监管力度和完善监督体制等4个方面对药物临床试验伦理审查工作提出针对性建议,以逐步完善我国药物临床试验伦理审查工作。