红毛五加多糖不同组分对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞免疫功能的研究

本文研究红毛五加多糖不同组分(AHP-I、AHP-II、AHP-III)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞免疫调节功能的影响,为进一步阐明红毛五加多糖对小鼠免疫调节作用机制奠定基础。采用不同浓度的3种多糖组分作用于小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,测定其对巨噬细胞吞噬中性红、释放NO能力、分泌IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β水平的影响。最后结果是红毛五加多糖的3种不同组分对小鼠免疫细胞有不同的刺激能力。其中,AHP-II可极其显著地增强吞噬细胞的吞噬功能,促进其合成NO,促进巨噬细胞细胞因子的分泌。因此红毛五加多糖能激活小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,其中,AHP-II是最重要的作用组分。     

抑制性IgG受体（FcγRIIB）的免疫调节作用及意义

FcγRIIB作为低亲和力IgG受体介导对多种免疫细胞功能的负反馈调节。它的两种主要分子异构体IIB1、IIB2分布于不同的细胞表面并发挥不同的抑制效应。FcγRIIB可以通过依赖和不依赖于其胞浆区ITIM结构域的方式抑制细胞的激活效应。FcγRIIB在与BCR交联后,抑制BCR与脂筏形成稳定结构,并阻止B细胞的免疫突触形成。FcγRIIB的表达失衡将导致自身免疫病、肿瘤和感染性疾病的发生发展。进一步研究阐明影响FcγRIIB受体表达或其信号传导机制的因素,将有助于人们找到治疗和控制这些疾病的新方法。     

Regulatory B cell phenotype and mechanism of action: the impact of stimulating conditions

A diverse population of regulatory B (Breg) cells reportedly exhibits significant immunomodulatory effects in various models of inflammatory responses and infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. Breg cells contribute to maintenance of homeostasis via IL‐10 production and multiple IL‐10‐independent mechanisms. The current review describes various phenotypic and functional subsets of Breg cells in autoimmune and infectious diseases and discusses the impacts of experimental conditions that have been found to drive Breg cell differentiation.

     

Measuring the immune system of the three‐spined stickleback – investigating natural variation by quantifying immune expression in the laboratory and the wild

Current understanding of the immune system comes primarily from laboratory‐based studies. There has been substantial interest in examining how it functions in the wild, but studies have been limited by a lack of appropriate assays and study species. The three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) provides an ideal system in which to advance the study of wild immunology, but requires the development of suitable immune assays. We demonstrate that meaningful variation in the immune response of stickleback can be measured using real‐time PCR to quantify the expression of eight genes, representing the innate response and Th1‐, Th2‐ and Treg‐type adaptive responses. Assays are validated by comparing the immune expression profiles of wild and laboratory‐raised stickleback, and by examining variation across populations on North Uist, Scotland. We also compare the immune response potential of laboratory‐raised individuals from two Icelandic populations by stimulating cells in culture. Immune profiles of wild fish differed from laboratory‐raised fish from the same parental population, with immune expression patterns in the wild converging relative to those in the laboratory. Innate measures differed between wild populations, whilst the adaptive response was associated with variation in age, relative size of fish, reproductive status and S. solidus infection levels. Laboratory‐raised individuals from different populations showed markedly different innate immune response potential. The ability to combine studies in the laboratory and in the wild underlines the potential of this toolkit to advance our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary relevance of immune system variation in a natural setting.     

骨髓间充质干细胞通过JAK／STAT3信号通路抑制树突状细胞成熟

骨髓间充质干细胞（bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,bMSCs）具有自我更新、支持造血、多向分化和低免疫原性等特点,在调控树突状细胞（dendritic cells,DCs）成熟的过程中发挥重要作用。为了探讨bMSCs调控DCs成熟的机制,本研究通过分离培养正常捐献者bMSCs,并分离获取外周静脉血单个核细胞,诱导未成熟的树突状细胞（immature dendritic cells,imDCs）和成熟的树突状细胞（mature dendritic cells,mDCs）生成。根据Genebank中人STAT3全长基因序列,设计针对STAT3的siRNA。根据培养条件不同设计实验分组：正常bMSCs与imDCs共培养（阴性对照组）,转染siRNA的bMSCs与imDCs共培养（siRNA组）、加入JAK/STAT通路抑制剂AG490的bMSCs与imDCs共培养（AG490组）、加入TNF-α诱导的mDCs（阳性对照组）共4组,共培养72 h,流式细胞术分析DCs表型变化,ELISA检测培养液上清中IL-12水平变化。结果显示,阴性对照组不表达CD40、CD80、CD83、CD86和HLA DR标志树突细胞成熟的分子,而表达CD11b,其表型与imDCs一致;而siRNA组和AG490组的DCs表达CD40、CD80、CD83、CD86和HLA-DR等标志分子,而不表达CD11b,其表型与TNF-α诱导成熟的mDCs表型一致;siRNA组、AG490组和阳性对照组的IL-12水平较阴性对照组的IL-12水平显著升高（P＜0.05）,但siRNA组、AG490组和阳性对照组之间无明显差异（P＞0.05）。以上结果表明,通过siRNA和抑制剂AG490阻断bMSCs中JAK/STAT3通路促进了imDCs的成熟,提示bMSCs通过JAK/STAT3通路参与调控imDCs成熟。     

新型疫苗佐剂的研究进展

近年来,核酸疫苗、基因工程疫苗、合成肽疫苗等新型疫苗的研究取得快速的发展,但这些疫苗与传统的灭活或活体疫苗相比,往往存在免疫原性差等问题,因此需要佐剂来增强其作用.佐剂已被证明是疫苗中的关键成分,佐剂种类众多,尚无统一的分类方法,目前应用最多的佐剂是铝佐剂和弗氏佐剂,但随着新型疫苗的开发,新型佐剂的开发必不可少.根据目...     

IL‐35 recombinant protein reverses inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis through regulation of inflammatory cytokines and immune cells

Interleukin‐35 (IL‐35), a member of the IL‐12 family, functions as a new anti‐inflammatory factor involved in arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and other immune diseases. Although IL‐35 can significantly prevent the development of inflammation in many diseases, there have been no early studies accounting for the role of IL‐35 recombinant protein in IBD and psoriasis. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic potential of IL‐35 recombinant protein in three well‐known mouse models: the dextransulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis mouse model, the keratin14 (K14)‐vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A)‐transgenic (Tg) psoriasis mouse model and the imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis mouse model. Our results indicated that IL‐35 recombinant protein can slow down the pathologic process in DSS‐induced acute colitis mouse model by decreasing the infiltrations of macrophages, CD4⁺T and CD8⁺T cells and by promoting the infiltration of Treg cells. Further analysis demonstrated that IL‐35 recombinant protein may regulate inflammation through promoting the secretion of IL‐10 and inhibiting the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐17 in acute colitis model. In addition, lower dose of IL‐35 recombinant protein could achieve long‐term treatment effects as TNF‐α monoclonal antibody did in the psoriasis mouse. In summary, the remarkable therapeutic effects of IL‐35 recombinant protein in acute colitis and psoriasis mouse models indicated that IL‐35 recombinant protein had a variety of anti‐inflammatory effects and was expected to become an effective candidate drug for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.     

虫草素生理功效的研究进展

综述了虫草素生理功效的研究进展。虫草素的分子结构为3′-脱氧腺苷,它具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、调节免疫等作用,在医药、食品等领域具有广阔的应用前景。