Developing compound eye in lozenge mutants of Drosophila: lozenge expression in the R7 equivalence group

 The lozenge locus is genetically complex, containing two functionally distinct units, cistrons A and B, that influence the structure of the compound eye. Extreme mutations of either cistron produce adult phenotypes that share similarities and that have striking differences. We have analyzed the expression of several developmentally important eye genes including boss, scabrous, rhomboid, seven-up, and Bar in lozenge mutant backgrounds representing both cistrons. This analysis follows the progressive recruitment of photoreceptor neurons during eye development and has confirmed that the initial development of photoreceptors is normal up to the five cell precluster stage (R8, R2/5 and R3/4). However, when lozenge is mutant, further eye development is perturbed. As cells R1, R6 and R7 are recruited, patterns of gene expression for seven-up and Bar become abnormal. We have also characterized the expression of two different enhancer trap alleles of lozenge. The lozenge product(s) appear to be first expressed in the eye disc in undifferentiated cells shortly after the five cell precluster forms. Then, as distinct cells are recruited to a fate, lozenge expression persists and is refined in those cells. Our data suggests that lozenge functions in cone cells and pigment cells as well as in specific glia. With respect to photoreceptor neurons, lozenge biases the developmental potential of cells R1, R6 and R7, by directly influencing the expression of genes important for establishing cell fate. Received: 26 July 1996 / Accepted: 6 January 1997     

Reactions of seven coordinate complexes. Synthesis, structure, and copper complex of the novel ligand 3-methyltriazolo(1,5-a)6-acetylsemicarbazonepyridine

The reaction of aquachloro(2,6-diacetylpyridinedisemicarbazone)copper(II) with hydrazine hydrate gave the copper complex of 3-methyltriazolo(1,5-a)6-acetylsemicarbazonepyridine. The free ligand was isolated from the copper complex. The X-ray structures of both the copper complex and the free ligand are reported. The copper complex and the free ligand both crystallize in the triclinic space group with 2 molecules per cell. The Cu complex has cell dimensions of a=8.8574(4), b=10.1764(5), c=10.4434(5) Å, α=71.956(1), β=64.913(1), and γ=81.597(1)°. The Cu ion is in a square pyramidal arrangement, with the Cu, the ligand, and a Cl in the plane and a disordered Cl and H₂O in the apical position. The ligand has cell dimensions of a=7.2696(7), b=8.0516(7), c=9.9326(9) Å, α=110.534(2), β=96.730(2), and γ=100.089(2)°. The ligand is planar with a conformation determined by an internal N-H?H hydrogen bond. The role of the Cu ion in the formation of the triazolopyridine is discussed.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, NMR and ab initio molecular-orbital studies of some magnesium(II) macrocyclic Schiff-base complexes, with two 2-aminoethyl pendant arms

Three new Mg(II) bis(pendant arm) macrocyclic Schiff-base complexes, [MgLⁿ]²⁺(n=5, 6, 7), have been prepared via cyclocondensation of 2,6-diacetylpyridine with branched hexaamines and characterised spectroscopically. In addition, for [MgL⁵](ClO₄)₂ the crystal structure is reported. This is the first X-ray structural determination of an Mg(II) complex coordinated by seven nitrogen atoms. The ligands, L, are 15-, 16- and 17-membered pentaaza macrocycles having two 2-aminoethyl pendant arms [L⁵; 2,13-dimethyl-6,9-bis(aminoethyl)-3,6,9,12,18-pentaazabicyclo[12.3.1]octadeca-1(18), 2, 12, 14, 16-pentaene, L⁶; 2,14-dimethyl-6,10-bis(aminoethyl)-3,6,10,13,19-pentaazabicyclo[13.3.1]nonadeca-1(19), 2, 13, 15, 17-pentaene and L⁷; 2,15-dimethyl-6,11-bis(aminoethyl)-3,6,11,14,20-pentaazabicyclo[14.3.1]eicosa-1(20),2,14,16,18-pentaene]. The crystal structure of [MgL⁵](ClO₄)₂, was determined by X-ray diffraction and showed that the complex cation that had formed consisted of a pentagonal bipyramidally coordinated Mg(II) ion. All complexes were characterised by IR, ¹H NMR,¹³C NMR, COSY(H,H) and HETCOR(H,C) spectroscopy, and the data indicate that the structure is approximately pentagonal bipyramidal in each case. This structural assignment is also supported by ab initio HF-MO calculations made using the standard 3-21G* basis set.     

不同浓度七氟烷对小儿麻醉后cTn I, CRP及补体影响研究

目的:探究不同浓度七氟烷联合丙泊酚对小儿麻醉后肌钙蛋白I、C反应蛋白以及补体水平影响。方法:收集我院60例ASAⅠ级拟行全麻手术患儿,随机分为A、B、C三组,每组20例。A组给予2%浓度的七氟烷联合丙泊酚麻醉;B组2.5%浓度的七氟烷联合丙泊酚麻醉;C组3%浓度的七氟烷联合丙泊酚麻醉。检测三组患儿苏醒时间、术后情况,肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及补体C_3、C_4水平。结果:A组、B组自主呼吸时间、气管导管拔管时间、解除监护时间较C组相比时间明显较短(P0.05);但A组与B组比较无统计学差异(P0.05);与A组比,B组与C组术后肌钙蛋白I、CRP水平较低,C_3、C_4水平较高(P0.05),但B组与C组血清指标比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:2.5%浓度的七氟烷联合丙泊酚是诱导小儿全身麻醉中的最佳浓度。     

用ID-SVM预测蛋白质的ATP结合位点

从蛋白质序列出发,对经Dr．G．P．S．Raghava整理和使用过的168条非冗余的ATP与蛋白质结合氨基酸序列进行分段,对ATP与蛋白质结合位点进行了统计分析。在此基础上,利用20种氨基酸的亲疏水性将20种氨基酸约化为6类。以氨基酸组分和6类亲疏水紧邻为参数,用多样性增量（ID）方法将氨基酸组分和6类亲疏水紧邻降维并将降维后的特征参数输入支持向量机中运算,本文运算结果显示用氨基酸组分ID值和6类亲疏水紧邻ID值共同作为特征参数结果最优,在七交叉检验下的预测总精度达到了99．67％,相关系数达到0．9934,好于前人的预测结果。     

Strategies for dereplication of natural compounds using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry

Complete structural elucidation of natural products is commonly performed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), but annotating compounds to most likely structures using high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry is a faster and feasible first step. The CASMI contest 2016 (Critical Assessment of Small Molecule Identification) provided spectra of eighteen compounds for the best manual structure identification in the natural products category. High resolution precursor and tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) were available to characterize the compounds. We used the Seven Golden Rules, Sirius2 and MS-FINDER software for determination of molecular formulas, and then we queried the formulas in different natural product databases including DNP, UNPD, ChemSpider and REAXYS to obtain molecular structures. We used different in-silico fragmentation tools including CFM-ID, CSI:FingerID and MS-FINDER to rank these compounds. Additional neutral losses and product ion peaks were manually investigated. This manual and time consuming approach allowed for the correct dereplication of thirteen of the eighteen natural products.     

七味白术散联合蒙脱石散对腹泻幼鼠肠道菌群及免疫功能影响的研究

摘要 目的：探讨七味白术散联合蒙脱石散对腹泻幼鼠肠道菌群及免疫功能影响的研究。方法：选择SD雄性幼鼠30只,随机分为对照组、模型组、七味白术散组、蒙脱石散组、七味白术散联合蒙脱石散组,对照组与模型组灌胃给予0.2 mL/10生理盐水,七味白术散组给予0.2 mL/10 g七味白术散,蒙脱石散组给予0.2 mL/10 g蒙脱石散,七味白术散联合蒙脱石散组给予0.2 mL/10 g七味白术散+0.2 mL/10 g蒙脱石散,5组每天定时灌胃一次,均连续给药7天。对比腹泻指数、平均稀便级、稀便率、脾重、胸腺重指数、血清淀粉酶、血清D-木糖水平、回肠、结肠、空肠黏膜厚度及小肠内容物细菌增殖。结果：与对照组相比,其他组脾重、胸腺重指数、血清淀粉酶及D-木糖水平、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量较低,腹泻指数、平均稀便级、稀便率、回肠、结肠、空肠黏膜厚度、大肠杆菌较高（P<0.05）;与模型组相比,蒙脱石散组、七味白术散组、七味白术散联合蒙脱石散组的脾重、胸腺重指数、血清淀粉酶及D-木糖水平、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量较高,腹泻指数、平均稀便级、稀便率、回肠、结肠、空肠黏膜厚度、大肠杆菌较低（P<0.05）;与蒙脱石散组相比,七味白术散组、七味白术散联合蒙脱石散组的脾重、胸腺重指数、血清淀粉酶及D-木糖水平、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量较高,腹泻指数、平均稀便级、稀便率、回肠、结肠、空肠黏膜厚度、大肠杆菌较低（P<0.05）;与七味白术散组相比,七味白术散联合蒙脱石散组的脾重、胸腺重指数、血清淀粉酶、D-木糖水平、双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量明显较高,腹泻指数、平均稀便级、稀便率、回肠、结肠、空肠黏膜厚度、大肠杆菌较低（P<0.05）。结论：七味白术散联合蒙脱石散可明显改善腹泻幼鼠的腹泻症状,可能与其可调整腹泻幼鼠肠道菌群及免疫功能有关。     

弹力带抗阻训练联合七步法运动康复对冠心病患者血脂、心肺适能及运动能力的影响

摘要 目的：探讨弹力带抗阻训练联合七步法运动康复对冠心病患者血脂、心肺适能及运动能力的影响。方法：选取2018年2月~2020年4月期间呼和浩特市蒙医中医医院收治的113例冠心病患者,分组方法采用随机数字表法,分为研究组57例和对照组56例,对照组给予常规运动康复干预,研究组在对照组的基础上采取弹力带抗阻训练联合七步法运动康复干预,对比两组血脂、日常生活能力、心功能、心肺适能及运动能力。结果：干预6个月后,研究组左室射血分数（LVEF）高于对照组,左室舒张末径（LVEDD）以及左室收缩末内径（LVESD）低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预6个月后,研究组改良Barthel量表（MBI）评分、6 min步行试验（6MWT）距离高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预6个月后,研究组高密度脂蛋白（HDL）高于对照组,总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预6个月后,研究组峰值公斤摄氧量（VO₂/kg _peak ）、无氧阈、峰值氧脉搏升高,且高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预6个月后,研究组峰值功率（WR _peak ）、峰值代谢当量（MET _peak ）升高,且高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：弹力带抗阻训练联合七步法运动康复可促进患者心功能、血脂状况改善,提高其心肺适能、运动能力及日常生活能力。     

广东肇东七星岩地区两栖爬行动物多样性及其保护

肇庆七星岩地区有两栖动物12种,隶属1目5科7属,爬行动物25种,隶属2目18属,华中－华南种类占优势有20种,占54．1％,华南区12种,占32．4％,华中区1种,占2．7％,古北－东洋广布种4种,占10．8％,建议在开发旅游资源的同时,加强对该地区两栖爬行动物种多样性及其生境的保护。     

Proteome‐wide analysis of temporal phosphorylation dynamics in lysophosphatidic acid‐induced signaling

Most growth factor receptors trigger phosphorylation‐based signal transduction to translate environmental stimuli into defined biological responses. In addition to comprehensive and reliable assessment of growth factor‐induced phosphoregulation, temporal resolution is needed to gain insights into the organizing principles of the cellular signaling machinery. Here, we introduce a refined experimental design for MS‐based phosphoproteomics to reconcile the need for high comprehensiveness and temporal resolution with the key requirement of monitoring biological reproducibility. We treated SILAC‐labeled SCC‐9 cells with the seven transmembrane receptor ligand lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and identified more than 17 000 phosphorylation sites. Filtering for biological replicate quantification yielded five‐time point profiles for 6292 site‐specific phosphorylations, which we analyzed for statistically significant regulation. Notably, about 30% of these sites changed significantly upon LPA stimulation, indicating extensive phosphoproteome regulation in response to this growth factor. Analysis of time series data identified distinct temporal profiles for different kinase substrate motifs, likely reflecting temporal orchestration of cellular kinase activities. Our data further indicated coordinated regulation of biological processes and phosphoprotein networks upon LPA stimulation. Finally, we detected regulation of functionally characterized phosphorylation sites not yet implicated in LPA signaling, which may foster a better understanding how LPA regulates cellular physiology on the molecular level.