Cephalidiosus: A replacement name for Stenotrachelus (Hemiptera: Tingidae)

Cephalidiosus is proposed as a replacement name for Stenotrachelus Guilbert, a genus of Tingidae from New Caledonia. New combinations are Cephalidiosus megapharsus (Guilbert) and Cephalidiosus mesopharsus (Guilbert).     

Effect of high-intensity endurance training on isokinetic muscle power

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high-intensity endurance training on isokinetic muscle power. Six male students majoring in physical-education participated in high intensity endurance training on a cycle ergometer at 90% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) for 7 weeks. The duration of the daily exercise session was set so that the energy expenditure equalled 42 kJ.kg-1 of lean body mass. Peak knee extension power was measured at six different speeds (30 degrees, 60 degrees, 120 degrees, 180 degrees, 240 degrees, and 300 degrees.s-1) with an isokinetic dynamometer. After training, VO2max increased significantly from mean values of 51.2 ml.kg-1.min-1, SD 6.5 to 56.3 ml.kg-1.min-1, SD 5.3 (P less than 0.05). Isokinetic peak power at the lower test speeds (30 degrees, 60 degrees and 120 degrees.s-1) increased significantly (P less than 0.05). However, no significant differences in muscle peak power were found at the faster velocities of 180 degrees, 240 degrees, and 300 degrees.s-1. The percentage improvement was dependent on the initial muscle peak power of each subject and the training stimulus (intensity of cycle ergometer exercise).     

中国禾本科箣竹属研究资料

<正> 本文记载箣竹属新种1,改级新组合2,改隶新组合1,新改级3,新名1,新异名4。 1.花竹(福建) 绿篱竹(广东) Bambusa albo-lineata Chia,stat.et nom.nov.     

Numerical abundance of myxomycetes (myxogastrids) in soils in the West of England

Abstract A most-probable-number technique was used to quantify the abundance of myxomycetes (myxogastrids) in soil samples taken from 23 'Sites of Special Scientific Interest' and one other site in the West of England. Associated organisms and soil conditions were also recorded. Sixteen of the 24 sites yielded myxomycete plasmodium-forming units (PFUs) in numbers averaging 230 cm⁻³ fresh soil. Where detectable in samples of grassland soil, the numbers ranged from 20–2750 cm⁻³, in woodland soil from 20–800 cm⁻³, and in sand dunes from 80–400 cm⁻³. Repeated sampling revealed changing numbers at single sites. The abundance of PFUs was correlated positively with numbers of soil amoebae, ciliates and nematodes, and with levels of magnesium and soil density, and negatively with organic matter content and levels of NH₄-nitrogen and phosphate. Each PFU probably corresponded to one or several uninucleate cells in the soil rather than to a plasmodium.     

中国(竹思)簩竹属(Schizostachyum Nees)的研究及其它

对国产(竹思)(竹劳)竹属(Schizostachyum Nees)进行了系统整理。对属的范围进行了修订,认为本属应包括乔草竹属(Dendrochloa Parkinson),薄竹属(Leptocanna Chia et H.L.Fung),长穗竹属(Teinostachyum Munro)和李海竹属(Neohouzeaua A.Camus),并首次建立了本属的属下分类系统。此外,对二种竹子起了新名:甲竹(Bambusa austro-sinensis Xia)和毛环单竹(B.yunnanensis Xia);作了4个新组合,即Schizostachyum coradatum(Wen et Dai)Xia, S.dumetorum(Hance)Munro var.xinwuense(Wen et J. Y Chin)Xia, Bambusa glaucescens glaucescens(Willd)Sieb. ex Munro var.annulata(W.T.Lin et Z.J.Feng)Xia和B.glaucescens (Willd)Sieb.ex Munro var.pubivagina(W.T....     

Binding of simple carbohydrates and some N-acetyllactosamine-containing oligosaccharides to Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin as followed with a fluorescent indicator ligand

Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin, a dimeric lectin [J. L. Iglesias, et al. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem.123, 247–252] was shown by equilibrium dialysis to be bivalent for 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-galactoside. Upon binding to the lectin, this ligand showed a difference absorption spectrum with two maxima (at 322 and 336 nm) of equal intensity (Δ? = 1.2 × 10³m^?1 cm^?1). A similar spectrum with a comparable value of Δ? was obtained with 4-methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-β-d-galactosaminide. Binding of methyl-α-d-galactoside, lactose, and N-acetyllactosamine all produced small but equally intense protein difference spectra with a maximum (Δ? = 2.8 × 10² M^?1 cm^?1) at 291.6 nm. Upon binding of N-dansyl-d-galactosamine to the lectin, there was a fivefold increase in fluorescence intensity of this ligand. The association constant for N-dansyl-d-galactosamine was caused by a very favorable ΔS° of the dansyl group without affecting the strictly carbohydrate-specific character of binding. N-Dansyl-d-galactosamine was employed as a fluorescent indicator ligand in substitution titrations. This involved the use of simple carbohydrates, N-acetyllactosamine, and oligosaccharides which occur in the carbohydrate units of N-glycoproteins; the latter were Gal(β → 4)GlcNAc(β1 → 2)Man, Gal(β1 → 4)GlcNAc(β1 → 6)Man, and Gal(β1 → 4)GlcNAc(β1 → 6)[Gal(β1 → 4)GlcNAc(β1 → 2)]Man. The titrations were performed at two temperatures to determine the thermodynamic parameters. In the series N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, methyl-α-d-galactoside, and lactose, ?ΔH° increased from 24 to 41 kJ mol^?1; it increased further for N-acetyllactosamine and then remained unchanged for the N-acetyllactosamine-containing oligosaccharides (55 ± 1 kJ mol^?1). This indicated that the site specifically accommodated the disaccharide structure with an important contribution of the 2-acetamido group in the penultimate sugar. Beyond this, no additional contacts seemed to be formed. This conclusion also followed from considerations of ΔS° values which became more unfavorable in the above series (?23 to ?101 ± 4 J mol^?1 K^?1); the most negative value of ΔS° was observed with N-acetyllactosamine and the three N-acetyllactosamine-containing oligosaccharides.     

Erratum

A specific copper chelator, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinedisulfonic acid substituted for mercaptoethanol to support growth of a L1210 lymphoma in primary culture. Added Cu⁺⁺, but not Zn⁺⁺ or Fe⁺⁺ interfered with growth promotion by the chelator. It also can protect an established L1210 culture, which does not require mercaptoethanol, from cytotoxicity of two bis-thiosemicarbazones. Since these are known to require copper for cytotoxicity, the results indicate that 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthrolinedisulfonic acid acts by removing a source of endogenous copper in the tissue culture medium which prevents growth of the primary culture.     

Covalent binding of polychlorinated biphenyls to proteins by reconstituted monooxygenase system containing cytochrome P-450

Incubation in the presence of NADPH and molecular oxygen of ¹⁴C-labeled polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and two tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) isomers with a reconstituted system containing NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and cytochrome P-450, both purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital(PB)-pretreated rabbits, led to covalent binding of radioactive metabolites of PCBs and TCBs to the protein components of the system. A rabbit liver cytosol fraction added to the system provided more binding sites for the activated metabolites and thus increased the extent of binding markedly. The binding reaction depended absolutely on the reductase, cytochrome P-450 and NADPH, and required dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine and sodium cholate for maximal activity. A further stimulation of the binding was attained by including cytochrome b₅ in the reconstituted system. Four forms of cytochrome P-450, purified from liver microsomes of PB- and 3-methylcholanthrene(MC)-treated rabbits and rats, were used to reconstitute the PCB- and TCB-metabolizing systems, and it was found that PB-inducible forms of the cytochrome from both animals were more active than those inducible by MC in catalyzing the PCB- and TCB-binding reaction. Sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that, in the system containing the reductase, cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b₅, PCB metabolites bound to the reductase and cytochrome P-450, but not to cytochrome b₅. In the presence of the liver cytosol fraction, the binding took place to many cytosolic proteins in addition to the reductase and cytochrome P-450.     

A novel Z-structure for poly d(GC).poly d(GC)

A novel zig-zag (Z) structure is proposed for poly d(GC).poly d(GC). The proposed model closely resembles the crystal structure of d(CG)₃.     

DPSN：扩增子测序引物标准化命名数据库

扩增子测序是目前用来衡量微生物多样性时使用最广泛的测序手段。因为其扩增的需要,所以选择合适的特定引物是必需的,且其对结果影响甚大。probeBase是目前最常用的记录了人工校正后的rRNA探针和引物的数据库。然而,我们发现probeBase中63.58%的引物存在不同程度的注释错误,包括命名重复、命名无规律以及匹配位置错误等。更严重的是,目前主流的短命名方式不具有唯一性,导致对应关系模糊不清。因此,我们定义了更简单可行的短命名标准并开发了新的引物科学命名数据库（DPSN）,并对probeBase里的所有173个引物进行了校正,并新加入了4个新的改良引物以及38个针对大亚基的新引物。新的短命名规则包含3个基本要素：在正链5''端的位置、版本号和方向。此外在前面加入了识别大/小亚基以及主要针对的菌界的标志。使用DPSN,可以快速查找感兴趣区域对应的引物并比较不同版本的差异选择合适的引物。同时还能建立命名与序列的明确一一对应关系,避免歧义。