Journal Club和Progress Discussion教学方法在卫生毒理学研究生培养中的应用

本实验室在卫生毒理学研究生培养中开展Journal Club和Progress Discussion教学模式,使研究生耳濡目染地学习国际同行的高水平研究,开阔科研视野,带着问题去进行研究,并及时进行总结提高,旨在提高研究生科研选题、文献获取、实践操作、英文阅读与使用等综合能力。5年的实践证明,Journal Club和Progress Discussion取得了很好的效果。     

糖尿病肾病发病机制研究进展

糖尿病肾病(DN)是糖尿病(DM)最常见的慢性并发症,也是终末期肾病(ESRD)的主要原因,其治疗费用巨大。其发病机制主要涉及遗传易感性、糖代谢紊乱、肾血流动力学的改变、细胞因子、炎症机制已及氧化应激等方面。本文就以上作用机制的最新研究进展作一综述。     

High-performance liquid chromatography-based method to evaluate kinetics of glucosinolate hydrolysis by Sinapis alba myrosinase

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are one of several hydrolysis products of glucosinolates, plant secondary metabolites that are substrates for the thioglucohydrolase myrosinase. Recent pursuits toward the development of synthetic non-natural ITCs have consequently led to an exploration of generating these compounds from non-natural glucosinolate precursors. Evaluation of the myrosinase-dependent conversion of select non-natural glucosinolates to non-natural ITCs cannot be accomplished using established ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopic methods. To overcome this limitation, an alternative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based analytical approach was developed where initial reaction velocities were generated from nonlinear reaction progress curves. Validation of this HPLC method was accomplished through parallel evaluation of three glucosinolates with UV–Vis methodology. The results of this study demonstrate that kinetic data are consistent between both analytical methods and that the tested glucosinolates respond similarly to both Michaelis–Menten and specific activity analyses. Consequently, this work resulted in the complete kinetic characterization of three glucosinolates with Sinapis alba myrosinase, with results that were consistent with previous reports.     

2000～2005年《生物化学与生物物理进展》载文被引分析

依据美国《科学引文索引(扩展版)》(ScienceCitationIndexExpanded,SCIE)和期刊引证报告(JournalCitationReports,JCR),采用文献计量方法对2000～2005年《生物化学与生物物理进展》载文被引用情况进行统计分析及评价.该刊论文平均单篇被引次数为1.70次,被引作者分布于国内23个省(直辖市)和部分国外作者,北京、湖南和广东发表在《生物化学与生物物理进展》上的论文被引比率较高.在被引机构中来自中南大学湘雅医学院的论文被引频次最高.共有115种期刊引用《生物化学与生物物理进展》.     

治疗用单抗制剂的研究进展

杂交瘤技术建立 2 0多年来 ,单抗走过了漫长而又曲折的历程 ,从最初的完全鼠源单抗 ,经含不同程度鼠源成份的人鼠嵌合单抗、人源化单抗 ,现已发展为完全人源单抗。抗体的人源化技术和噬菌体展示技术等技术的发展 ,使单抗从诊断工具变为有效的治疗药物 ,被人们誉为“生物魔弹”。鉴于单克隆抗体 (单抗 )对相应的抗原决定簇具有高度特异性以及抗体的均一性等特性 ,近2 0多年来单抗作为疾病诊断剂以及生物学研究试剂已得到广泛的应用 ,但作为治疗剂的应用进程则十分缓慢。近两年来 ,单抗作为治疗制品 ,获得了迅速的进展。     

刺五加多糖研究进展

刺五加多糖(Acanthopanax senticosus polysacharide ASPS)是从五加科植物刺五加(Aaanthopanax senticosus(Rupr.et Mxia)Harns)的根、根皮及果中提取分离的多糖.它是刺五加中除甙类外的另一类活性成分.报报道,刺五加中含有2%～6%碱溶性多糖及2.3%～5.7%水溶性多糖.本文就刺五加多糖的化学及药理学研究做一综述.     

Milestones in ecological thought — A canon for plant ecology

Abstract. Scientific progress in plant ecology is at risk of being obscured by increasing ignorance of major works in the field. The driving force seems to be the twin seductions of novelty and crowd psychology. I illustrate this tendency with three examples from plant community ecology that span the past thirty years of ecological research. I offer, as one solution, the concept of a canon: a short list of essential books that we assume all students and co‐workers have read, a short list that summarizes the wisdom of the discipline. A canon can be likened to DNA, be it in music, art, or science, as it carries forward through time the key ideas that have worked in the past. Without a canon, there is no memory of past achievement, no context for appreciating current work, and no way of judging the quality of newer productions. I suggest 20 essential books (the short canon), and 22 complementary readings, for a total of 42 books needed in any young professional's library on plant ecology.     

Progress Curves Analysis as an Alternative for Exploration of Activation-inhibition Phenomena in Cholinesterases

The kinetic behaviour of insect acetylcholinesterases deviates from the Michaelis-Menten pattern. These deviations are known as activation or inhibition at various substrate concentrations and can be more or less observable depending on mutations around the active site of the enzyme. Most kinetic studies on these enzymes still rely on initial rate measurements. It is demonstrated here that according to this method one of the deviations can be overlooked. We attempt to point out that in such cases a detailed step-by-step progress curves analysis is successful. The study is focused on two different methods of analysing progress curves: (i) the first one is based on an integrated initial rate equation which can sufficiently fit truncated progress curves under corresponding conditions; and (ii) the other one precludes the algebraic formulae, but uses numerical integration for searching a non analytical solution of ordinary differential equations describing a kinetic model. All methods are tested on three different acetylcholinesterase mutants from Drosophila melanogaster. The results indicate that kinetic parameters for the E107K mutant with highly expressive activation and inhibition can be well evaluated applying any analysis method. It is quite different for E107W and E107Y mutants where latent activation is present, but discovered only using one or the other progress curves analysis methods.     

中国茶树种质资源研究的主要进展和展望

茶树种质资源是生产利用、品种创新和生物技术研究的物质基础,具有十分重要的价值和意义.本文系统阐述了近20年中国茶树种质资源考察收集、保存编目、鉴定评价、分子标记、遗传稳定性等研究的主要成就与进展.着重提出近期继续征集、在资源个体与基因水平上深入鉴定评价、加强种质创新不断提供新基因源、建立核心种质、建立种质资源共享平台等研究工作的建议和展望.     

中国转基因作物风险评估技术研究进展

现代生物技术的发展为利用外源基因培育优良作物品种提供了新的途径,目前国内外已培育出多个高抗害虫的转基因作物。但是,人们对转基因作物潜在的风险尚存在疑问,这是目前转基因作物是否能进一步获准商品化生产的一个重要原因。综述了中国转基因作物研究和转基因产品安全性检测技术取得的主要进展,对我国转基因作物的研究前景进行了展望,并对将来的工作提出了几点建议。