Environmental influences on signal transduction through membranes: a retrospective mini-review

This mini-review is addressed to the question how the membranous environment may affect traffic of receptors and signalling from membrane-anchored receptors on the outside of cells to transducers and targets on the inside. Signal transduction by membrane-anchored receptors to the interior of the cell and eventually to the genome is a central issue in cellular regulation. In this context the role of membrane fluidity and of the cytoskeleton in restricting the mobility of proteins are discussed and the evidence for a structural order in membranes which could limit the mobility of proteins is scrutinised.     

乳酸杆菌脂磷壁酸通过下调脂筏中Lck 激酶水平抑制大鼠肝脏Kupffer 细胞TLR4 通路

目的:探讨保加利亚乳酸杆菌脂磷壁酸(Lipoteichoic Acid of Lactobacillus bulgaricus,LBG-LTA)是否能下调细胞膜脂筏中的淋巴细胞特异性蛋白酪氨酸激酶(Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase,Lck),进而抑制大鼠肝脏Kupffer细胞Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)通路。方法:分离培养10只雄性Wistar大鼠的Kupffer细胞;培养LBG并制备LBG-LTA;有或无LBG-LTA、脂筏裂解剂甲基-β-环糊精(methyl-β-cyclodextrine,MβCD)、Lck抑制剂PP2分别预处理情况下,以脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)刺激Kupffer细胞,提取各组细胞的膜-浆蛋白及核蛋白,蔗糖密度梯度离心法提取膜-浆蛋白中的脂筏及非脂筏组分,Western blot检测脂筏及非脂筏组分中TLR4、TANK结合激酶1(TANK binding kinase-1,TBK1)、Lck及核蛋白中的核因子B(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB),酶联免疫吸附法检测培养上清中的肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)和白介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)。结果:LPS上调的TLR4、Lck主要在脂筏内(与对照孔脂筏相应数值之比为0.95 0.23 vs 0.0120.0023,1.05 0.26 vs 0.022 0.0052,P均0.05),TBK1主要在非脂筏组分中(与对照孔非脂筏组分数值之比1.02 0.21 vs 0.0480.011,P0.05),核蛋白中的NF-B及培养上清中的TNF-α和IL-1β亦明显升高(与对照孔相应数值之比为0.78 0.16 vs 0.0760.014,189.2 27.1 vs 5.62 0.82,131.6 18.8 vs 7.24 1.14,P均0.05)。与MαCD或PP2一样,LBG-LTA也明显抑制LPS的作用(LTA+LPS孔脂筏中TLR4、Lck与LPS孔相应数值之比为0.15 0.036 vs 0.95 0.23,0.17 0.052 vs 1.05 0.26,非脂筏组分中TBK1与LPS孔的比较为0.25 0.062 vs 1.02 0.21,NF-B、TNF-α及IL-1β与LPS孔相应数值之比为0.17 0.035 vs 0.78 0.16,32.2 4.37 vs189.2 27.1,23.4 3.29 vs 131.6 18.8,P均0.05)。结论:LBG-LTA下调大鼠Kupffer细胞膜脂筏中的Lck,进而抑制其TLR4通路。