分级护理服务内容实施现况调查研究

目的 调查临床实践中分级护理服务内容的执行状况,探讨分级护理制度服务内容存在的实质性问题。方法 采用分层抽样的方法,抽取广州某三级甲等医院8个普通成人病区的患者和护士作为调查对象,采用观察法记录患者得到的分级护理服务及护士对分级护理内容的执行情况。结果 8个病区一、二级护理患者构成比具有显著性差异（P=0.000);各病区一、二级护理患者日班所得分级护理时间平均为12.32分钟、4.81分钟,分别占总护理时间的50%和39%。各病区间执行分级护理时间无显著性差异（P=0.344）,各班次间执行分级护理时间有显著性差异（P=0.000）,其中责任班护士执行分级护理时间显著高于其他班次。临床实践中,护士对分级护理内容的执行项目：一、二、三级护理分别为21项、15项、11项。结论 原分级护理制度服务内容标准已不能完全适应临床护理实践,需要顺应新的医学模式和临床护理的发展,对其进行补充和完善。     

高密高异质性城市街区景观对心理健康影响评价及循证优化设计

高密高异质性城市环境不仅影响空间审美感受,也影响着城市居民的心理健康。实证研究表明通过引入绿色自然、优化空间设计可缓解这种负面影响。本文结合已有的神经认知学和医学研究,将风景园林学科核心价值之一环境愉悦体验提升到公共健康高度。我们利用神经生物测量等一系列先进技术量化环境体验,并在医学和神经认知学已有实证证据的基础上进一步进行健康影响评价,提出基于健康影响评价的循证设计方法。具体包括测量高密高异质性街道中不同环境空间要素组合对人的健康影响,分析识别具体案例中最容易诱发压力和认知负荷的空间要素,针对性地提出设计干预策略并依托增强现实/虚拟现实技术进行绩效预估。研究整合了技术量化环境体验和环境神经健康评价这2个密切联系的学术前沿,其成果可以直接指导具体案例的循证设计优化。     

实施“优质护理服务示范工程”的实践探讨

目的 探讨“优质护理服务示范工程”的实施及影响。方法 树立“优质护理服务示范工程”护理服务文化理念,制定“优质护理服务示范工程”护理服务标准及实施方法。结果 提高了病人满意度及护理工作质量、健康教育覆盖率及合格率,增进护患感情。结论 开展“优质护理服务示范工程”, 能提高护理质量, 确保护理安全,能扩大医院的知名度, 提升护理服务的品牌。     

快速康复外科在老年结肠癌围手术期护理中的应用

目的:探讨快速康复外科(fast-track surgery,FTS)在老年结肠癌围手术期护理中应用的临床效果。方法:将92例年龄大于65岁的结肠癌患者随机分为FTS组与对照组,分别给予FTS护理措施和传统护理措施,比较2组患者术后恢复情况、营养状况、并发症发生情况等。结果:与传统护理措施相比较,FTS护理组术后患者胃肠道功能恢复时间明显缩短,术后营养状况恢复较快,术后并发症发生率明显降低。FTS护理组老年患者的住院时间和住院费用均较对照组显著降低。结论:FTS应用于老年患者结肠癌围手术期的护理是安全、有效的。其加快了老年患者的术后康复、减轻了患者的痛苦,降低术后并发症的发生,值得推广应用。     

Do female degus communally nest and nurse their pups?

We examined the nesting and nursing behavior of females of the caviomorph rodent Octodon degus. We recorded the behavior of two, three-female groups of lactating degus kept in captivity and compared it with that of singly housed lactating females. Grouped females spontaneously nested communally. Five of six lactating females had non-offspring pups hanging from their teats, which suggests that some non-offspring nursing took place. Non-mothers increased their maternal behavior after the delivery of their own pups. Although time allocated to parental care by each communally nesting dam did not differ from that of solitary lactating females, young of communal litters spent less time alone and enjoyed more time cared for by a lactating female than young of single dams. Electronic Publication     

Animals as Sentinels of Human Environmental Health Hazards: An Evidence-Based Analysis

Despite recognition that animals could be serving as sentinels for environmental risks to human health, there are no evidence-based guidelines for the use of animal sentinel data in human health decision making. We performed a systematic review of the animal sentinel literature to assess the evidence linking such events to human health. A search of MEDLINE identified peer-reviewed original studies of animals as sentinels for either chemical or biological environmental hazards. A limited search of the CAB and AGRICOLA databases was also performed. We classified a random sample of 100 studies from the MEDLINE search according to species, hazard, and health outcome examined; study methods; and linkages to human health. Animal sentinel studies were difficult to locate in MEDLINE because of a lack of adequate key words for this concept. We found significant limitations in the study methods used to investigate animal sentinel events. Clear linkages to human health were frequently absent. Studies of sentinel events in animal populations hold potential for the recognition and control of human environmental health hazards, yet a number of barriers exist to using such data for evidence-based human health decisions. There is a need for greater data sharing and cooperative research between human and animal health professionals regarding environmental hazards and health outcomes in animal and human populations.     

远程护理管理对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后患者心理状态与生活质量的影响

目的:探讨远程护理管理对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者心理状态与生活质量的影响。方法:选取52例PCI术后患者,随机分为照组和试验组,各26例,对照组给予常规护理,试验组在对照组基础上采用远程护理管理进行干预。采用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价两组患者心理状态,并用社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)对两组患者生活质量进行评价。结果:两组患者干预前SAS、SDS、SDSS评分无差异,实施干预后,两组患者均有SAS、SDS、SDSS评分下降、但试验组患者SAS、SDS、SDSS评分下降更明显,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:远程护理管理有助于改善PCI术后患者焦虑、抑郁负性情绪,提高生活质量。