The anthocyanidins of some new guinea impatiens

17 strains of New Guinea Impatiens belonging to the I. schlecteri—linearifolia group and to the I. hawkeri—mooreana—nivea group were analysed for the anthocyanidin pigments. Pelargonidin predominated in the schlecteri group white malvidin was most common in the mooreana group.     

贵州省凤仙花属6个新记录种

报道了贵州省凤仙花属（Impatiens）6个新记录种（含1变种）,分别是锐齿凤仙花（Impatiens arguta Hook.f.& Thomson.）、线萼凤仙花（Impatiens linearisepala S.Akiyama, H.Ohba & S.K.Wu）、川鄂凤仙花（Impatiens fargesii Hook.f.）、林生凤仙花（Impatiens lucorum Hook.f.）、雅致黄金凤（Impatiens siculifer var. mitis Lingelsheim & Borza）和田林凤仙花（Impatiens tianlinensis S.X.Yu & L.J.Zhang）。该文提供了新记录种形态特征照片和地理分布,凭证标本保存于贵州大学林学院树木标本室（GZAC）。     

Trade-offs between flower number and investment to a flower in selfing and outcrossing varieties of Impatiens hypophylla (Balsaminaceae)

Floral resource allocation was compared on a whole-plant basis between two varieties of Impatiens hypophylla that differ in flower size. There were significant negative correlations between flower number and investments to a flower at both the within-population and between-variety levels. In individual flowers, var. hypophylla with larger flowers invested significantly more resources to male and pollinator-attractive functions, whereas investments to female function did not differ between the varieties. In experimental populations placed in the field, pollinators preferred the larger flowers of var. hypophylla even within the same habitat of var. microhypophylla, which has smaller flowers. There was a significant lack of observed heterozygosity only in var. microhypophylla. Thus, the outcrossing variety had more attractive but fewer flowers, while the selfing variety had less attractive but more abundant flowers.     

中国石灰岩专性凤仙花叶表皮特征及其分类学意义

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜技术对中国产的8种凤仙花科植物叶表皮微形态特征进行了实验研究,其中6种产于石灰岩地区,另外2种作为对照.结果表明,中国石灰岩地区的6种凤仙花的叶表皮微形态上、下表皮差异明显,上表皮细胞为不规则形和多边形,一般不具气孔器;下表皮细胞均为不规则形,均具气孔器,气孔器多为不等型.上、下表皮细胞形状、垂...     

卢氏凤仙花（Impatiens lushiensis Y.L.Chen）的新模式指定

由于卢氏凤仙花Impatiens lushiensis Y.L.Chen[=Impatiens heterosepala S.Y.Wang（1988）non J.D.Hook.（1924）]的主模式和副模式全部遗失,在此指定了卢氏凤仙花的新模式。     

Palynological variation in Balsaminoid Ericales. II. Balsaminaceae, Tetrameristaceae, Pellicieraceae and general conclusions

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The objective of this study is to examine the palynological diversity of Balsaminaceae (two genera/+/-1000 species), Tetrameristaceae (two genera/two species) and Pellicieraceae (one genus/one species). The diversity found will be used to infer the systematic value of pollen features within the balsaminoid clade. METHODS: Pollen morphology and ultrastructure of 29 species, representing all families of the balsaminoid clade except Marcgraviaceae, are investigated by means of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS: Balsaminaceae pollen is small to medium sized with three to four apertures, which can be either colpate or porate, and a sexine sculpturing varying from coarsely reticulate to almost microreticulate. Tetrameristaceae pollen is small sized, 3-colporate, with a heterobrochate reticulate sculpturing and granules present in the lumina. Pellicieraceae pollen is large sized, 3-colporate with long ectocolpi and a perforate sexine sculpturing with large verrucae. Furthermore, Pelliciera is characterized by the occurrence of aggregated orbicules, while orbicules are completely absent in both Balsaminaceae and Tetrameristaceae. Balsaminaceae pollen differs from the other balsaminoid families due to the occurrence of colpate or porate grains with an oblate to peroblate shape, a very thin foot layer and a lamellated endexine. CONCLUSIONS: From a pollen morphological point of view, Balsaminaceae are completely different from the other balsaminoid families. Therefore, no pollen morphological synapomorphies could be defined for the balsaminoid clade. However, various pollen features were observed that could indicate a possible relationship between Tetrameristaceae, Pellicieraceae and Marcgraviaceae. Despite the palynological similarities in the latter three families, it remains unclear to what extent they are related to each other.     

Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Impatiens hypophylla Makino var. hypophylla

Seven flavonoids such as luteolin (1), luteolin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (2), luteolin 3'-O-β-glucopyranoside (3), chryseriol (4), apigenin (5), apigenin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (6) and astragalin (7) and one coumarin, scopoletin (8) were isolated from the aerial parts of Impatiens hypophylla Makino var. hypophylla (Family: Balsaminaceae). Structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. All these compounds were isolated for the first time from I. hypophylla var. hypophylla.     

Diversity and evolution of floral structure among early diverging lineages in the Ericales

This is a combination of review and original data on floral structure and diversity in the two earliest diverging lineages of the Ericales, i.e. the balsaminoids, comprising Balsaminaceae, Marcgraviaceae and Tetrameristaceae, and the polemonioids, comprising Fouquieriaceae and Polemoniaceae. Each clade is strongly supported in molecular studies, while structural synapomorphies have largely been lacking. For the balsaminoid families, we compare floral morphology, anatomy and histology among selected taxa and find that the entire clade is strongly supported by the shared presence of nectariferous tissue in the floral periphery, thread-like structures on anthers, truncate stigmas, secretion in the ovary, as well as mucilage cells, raphides and tannins in floral tissues. A possible sister group relationship between Balsaminaceae and Tetrameristaceae is supported by the shared presence of post-genital fusion of filaments and ovary and a star-shaped stylar canal. For polemonioids, we document unexpected diversity of floral features in Polemoniaceae, partly providing structural links to Fouquieriaceae. Features include cochlear and quincuncial corolla aestivation, connective protrusions, ventrifixed anthers and nectariferous tissue in the base of the ovary. In addition, we outline future directions for research on floral structure in the Ericales and briefly discuss the general importance of structural studies for our understanding of plant phylogeny and evolution.     

Impatiens maculifera sp. nov. (Balsaminaceae) Yunnan,China

Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) is a notoriously difficult genus to study for reasons that include small, remote and endemic areas of occurrence, and difficulty in obtaining well‐dried herbarium specimens and separating and reconstructing floral parts from available dried specimens. Impatiens has also been notoriously difficult when it comes to phylogenetic resolution at the infrageneric level, but a new system with two subgenera (Impatiens and Clavicarpa) was recently proposed by Yu et al. and it has made it easier to classify newly discovered species. Impatiens maculifera, a new species of Balsaminaceae from Malipo County, Yunnan, China described here, is similar to I. parvisepala S.X. Yu & Y.T. Hou in having racemose inflorescences, four lateral sepals, clavate capsules and ellipsoid seeds, but differs in having leaves narrowly oval or with elliptic–lanceolate blades (versus obovate or obovate–lanceolate), obvious petioles (versus leaves subsessile), racemose inflorescence with 8–12 flowers (versus 6–8 flowers), flowers greenish yellow (versus yellow), lateral united petals and lower sepal with dense red spots (versus red spots absent), and dorsal petal with apparent stalk at base (versus unapparent stalk). Morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from both nuclear ribosomal and plastid genes show that the new species differs distinctively from I. parvisepala. Furthermore, I. maculifera is distinguished from other Impatiens species based on morphological, micromorphological and palynological evidence, and molecular data.