甘肃双盾木属一新种

甘肃双盾木属一新种王一峰,廉永善,王国宏（西北师范大学生物系,兰州７３００７０）关键词双盾木属,文县双盾木,甘肃ＡＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＴＨＥＧＥＮＵＳＤＩＰＥＬＴＡＭＡＸＩＭ．ＦＲＯＭＧＡＮＳＵ￥ＷａｎｇＹｉｆｅｎｇ;ＬｉａｎＹｏｎｇｓｈａｎａｎ...     

人参木属—五加科一新属

本文报导五加科一新属,人参本属Chengiopanax Shang et J.Y.Huang,新组合2种,即华人参木Ch.fargesii(Franch.)Shang et J.Y.Hung及人参木Ch.sciadophylloides(Franch.et Sav.)Shang et J.Y.Huang。     

太白山木蚜蝇亚科二新种

本文中国木蚜蝇亚科二新种;即太白山木蚜蝇Ｘｙｌｏｔａ ｔａｂａｉｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及江氏铜木蚜蝇Ｃｈａｌｃｏｓｙｒｐｈｕｓ （ｘｙｌｏｔｉｎａ）ｊｉａｎｇｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ,模式标本保存于上海农学院昆虫标本室。     

几种氧化酶活性与植物对二氧化硫抗性的研究——植物本底及受污染后酶活性大小与抗性的关系

对27种不同抗性等级植物本底(未经污染处理的正常植物)多酚氧化酶、抗坏血酸氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性测定结果,植物本底多酚氧化酶活性与抗性有呈负相关的趋势,抗坏血酸氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性大小与抗性不具规律性。 对植物受不同浓度SO_2污染后酶活性变化分析结果看出,蚬木(抗性植物)和汗斑草(敏感植物)在浓度达受阈前,多酚氧化酶、抗坏血酸氧化酶和过氧化物酶均有随浓度的升高而酶活性逐渐增大的趋势,仅是不同的酶其活性高峰在不同浓度梯度中出现迟早不同而己。在污染浓度达受伤阈后,随着浓度的继续增大,酶活性逐渐下降。而白蝉(抗性植物)和大猪屎青(敏感植物)有的酶具有规律性,有的酶不具有这种规律性。 用使可见伤害达50％的SO_2污染汗斑草后4小时(一次污染),过氧化物酶活性为0.34(未受污染的为12.69),仅为未受污染的2.68％,降低了97.32％,但24小时后为7.68,为未受污染的60.52％,比受污染后4小时提高了57.84％,72小时后为8.52,为未受污染的67.13％,比受污染后4小时提高了65.45％。多酚氧化酶亦具有这种规律性。说明二氧化硫对这两种酶的抑制作用是可逆的。     

辽东栎林下和开阔地上短柄五加(Acanthopanax brachpus)无性系种群生长的比较研究

研究了分布于开阔地和辽东栎林下短柄五加无性系种群拆散方式、无性系的形态可塑性和分株的死亡年龄,研究结果表明,开阔地上无性系分株的扩散方式为稀疏线型,根茎长度、无性系分株数目,林下和开阔地差异显著,根茎分枝角度、无性系根茎总长无显著性差异。林下分株的死亡年龄显著小于开阔地上无性系分株的死亡年龄。     

叶下珠科珠子木属一新异名

岩生珠子木(Phyllanthodendron petraeum P.T.Li)和圆叶珠子木(P.orbicularifolium P.T.Li)均为中国广西壮族自治区特有种,二者曾被认为基于叶片质地与形状、叶脉特征、花盘腺体形状以及花柱开裂程度等一系列形态特征可进行区分,然而基于近年来查阅大量标本和野外考察工作认为二...     

纸张生态足迹

自1960年代以来,由于废纸浆在全球造纸浆中比例不断提高,原有的纸张生态足迹计算方法--以原木浆纸的木材消耗量为计算基础--需要改进.通过分析纸浆结构的变化、纸浆与纸的关系、纸浆耗木量、废纸成浆率等,定量地表征了废纸回收对纸张木材消耗的影响,得出1t纸消耗的木材应为3.879 m3而略小于原来的4 m3的结论.在此基础上,重新计算纸张的生态足迹,得出1t纸的生态足迹为2.569 hm2森林.     

Differential responses to feeding by the tomato/potato psyllid between two tomato cultivars and their implications in establishment of injury levels and potential of damaged plant recovery

An invasive new biotype of the tomato/potato psyllid （Bactericera [Paratrioza] cockerelli [Sulc.]） （Homoptera： Psyllidae） recently has caused losses exceeding 50% on fresh market tomatoes in western North America. Despite these extensive losses, little is known regarding the threshold levels at which populations must be suppressed in order to prevent economic losses. A series of experiments were therefore designed using combinations of two common tomato cultivars （QualiT 21 and Yellow Pear）, five pest-densities （0, 20, 30, 40 and 50 nymphs/plant）, and three feeding-duration （5 days, 10 days, and lifetime） treatments to test the relative importance of pest density, feeding period, and cumulative psyllid-days to establish economic threshold levels for psyllids. The cultivars differed considerably in their response to the toxin injected by the psyllid nymphs. ‘Yellow Pear＇ plants could recover from feeding by up to 40 nymphs for as long as 10 d, whereas ‘QualiT 21＇ plants were irreparably damaged by densities of 20 nymphs feeding for only 5 days. On ‘Yellow Pear＇, all plant measurements such as the number of yellow leaves and plant height were significantly better correlated with cumulative psyUid-days than with either pest density or feeding duration. On ‘QualiT 21 ＇, all plant measurements other than the number of yellow leaflets and leaves were significantly better correlated with pest density than with feeding duration or cumulative psyUid-days, and pest density was a better predictor of psyUid damage. Potential reasons for the variable responses between cultivars and the implications for psyllid sampling and integrated pest management are discussed.     

土壤水肥因子对胡杨幼苗生长权衡和木质化的影响

以当年生胡杨幼苗为材料,通过不同水平的水分和养分单因素控制盆栽试验,探讨土壤水肥因子对当年生胡杨幼苗生长权衡和木质化的影响,以明确胡杨生长过程中以及种子更新困难的原因和机理。结果表明:(1)当年生胡杨幼苗生长权衡主要体现在生物量的分配策略上,而主根长/高度没有显著差异。(2)在连续给水处理下,干旱胁迫使幼苗根冠比显著增加,土壤含水量15%处理的根冠比较含水量20%和30%处理分别显著增加了75%和93%;但干旱胁迫抑制了生物量的积累,含水量10%处理下生物量比15%、20%和30%处理分别显著减小53.4%、89.2%、78.6%;在断续给水处理下,随着干旱程度的增加幼苗根冠比显著增加,土壤含水量15%处理的根冠比较含水量20%和30%处理分别显著增加34%和38%;连续给水和断续给水两类干旱胁迫均能明显增加幼苗根系木质化程度。(3)土壤施加氮磷均显著增加幼苗根冠比和木质化,但过量的氮肥抑制根系生物量的积累。可见,胡杨幼苗对于水肥条件胁迫敏感性与生长权衡能力是胡杨林种子更新与种群维持的关键环节,调整立地土壤水肥环境对当年生胡杨幼苗的生长定居有重要的作用。