激光光漂恢复技术测定林蛙卵第一次卵裂前卵表面的运动

激光光漂恢复技术测定了异硫氰基荧光素标记的林蛀卵表面分子在第一次卵裂前的运动。发现固着在玻片上的剥离“细胞膜”的分子运动形式为扩散。扩散系数为(4.6±1.3)×10~(-12)cm~2/s,可动部份为15%。完整卵子上的分子运动形式为流动。细胞膜在不停地流动着。它可能起着协助细胞质运动的作用。细胞膜流动的速度随时间而异,卵裂前不久,在大多数的卵子上,出现两个流动较慢的谷,少数细胞只测到一个谷。这可能与光漂起始时间,光斑与未来分裂沟的距离,和卵子间的差异有关。也讨论了这种速度变化与表面收缩波的关系。     

Identification of up-regulated genes in human uterine leiomyoma by suppression subtractive hybridization

In searching for differentially expressed genes in human uterine leiomyomas (ULs), suppression sub-tractive hybridization was used to construct an UL up-regulated library, which turned out to represent 88genes. After two rounds of screening by reverse Northern analysis, twenty genes were proved to be up-regulated, including seventeen known genes and three genes with unknown function. All these genes werefirstly associated with UL. Three genes with notable difference were selected for Northern confirmationOur results proved the authenticity of the twenty genes. One gene named Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) showedup-regulation in 4/6 of the patients and investigation of tissue distribution indicated that it had obviousexpression in prostate, testis, liver, heart and skeletal muscle.     

肝素钠的生产及其存在的问题及解决的方法（Ⅱ）

本文就粗品肝素钠生产的原料控制硬件设施管理和环保等方面进行了论述，介绍了一些改进的方法和措施，并就该方面的的一些问题进行了探讨，提出了解决的方法。     

A three-dimensional model of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle

Most of the pre-mRNAs in the eukaryotic cell are comprised of protein-coding exons and non-protein-coding introns. The introns are removed and the exons are ligated together, or spliced, by a large, macromolecular complex known as the spliceosome. This RNA-protein assembly is made up of five uridine-rich small nuclear RNAs (U1-, U2-, U4-, U5- and U6-snRNA) as well over 300 proteins, which form small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs). Initial recognition of the 5′ exon/intron splice site is mediated by the U1 snRNP, which is composed of the U1 snRNA as well as at least ten proteins. By combining structural informatics tools with the available biochemical and crystallographic data, we attempted to simulate a complete, three dimensional U1 snRNP from the silk moth, Bombyx mori. Comparison of our model with empirically derived crystal structures and electron micrographs pinpoints both the strengths and weaknesses in the in silico determination of macromolecular complexes. One of the most striking differences between our model and experimentally generated structures is in the positioning of the U1 snRNA stem-loops. This highlights the continuing difficulties in generating reliable, complex RNA structures; however, three-dimensional modeling of individual protein subunits by threading provided models of biological significance and the use of both automated and manual docking strategies generated a complex that closely reflects the assembly found in nature. Yet, without utilizing experimentally-derived contacts to select the most likely docking scenario, ab initio docking would fall short of providing a reliable model. Our work shows that the combination of experimental data with structural informatics tools can result in generation of near-native macromolecular complexes.     

Size-dependent mortality in a Neotropical savanna tree: the role of height-related adjustments in hydraulic architecture and carbon allocation

Size-related changes in hydraulic architecture, carbon allocation and gas exchange of Sclerolobium paniculatum (Leguminosae), a dominant tree species in Neotropical savannas of central Brazil (Cerrado), were investigated to assess their potential role in the dieback of tall individuals. Trees greater than ∼6-m-tall exhibited more branch damage, larger numbers of dead individuals, higher wood density, greater leaf mass per area, lower leaf area to sapwood area ratio (LA/SA), lower stomatal conductance and lower net CO₂ assimilation than small trees. Stem-specific hydraulic conductivity decreased, while leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity remained nearly constant, with increasing tree size because of lower LA/SA in larger trees. Leaves were substantially more vulnerable to embolism than stems. Large trees had lower maximum leaf hydraulic conductance ( K _leaf) than small trees and all tree sizes exhibited lower K _leaf at midday than at dawn. These size-related adjustments in hydraulic architecture and carbon allocation apparently incurred a large physiological cost: large trees received a lower return in carbon gain from their investment in stem and leaf biomass compared with small trees. Additionally, large trees may experience more severe water deficits in dry years due to lower capacity for buffering the effects of hydraulic path-length and soil water deficits.     

Activation of endogenous lipid peroxidation in the brain in oxidation stress caused by administration of iron and its prevention by vitamin E

Looking for an appropriate model of accelerated aging in vivo we investigated the content of endogenous products of lipid peroxidation (LP) in the rat brain after single or 4 day-lasting intramuscular injection of complex-bind iron (ferum Hausman, 50 mg/kg body weight) like promoter of LP. We found that the single administration of this iron complex fails to induce endogenous LP; after 4 day-application of iron we observed significant increase in content of primary (lipid peroxides) and final (fluorescent) products of LP. Iron-promoted activation of endogenous LP could be abolished by animal pretreatment with the natural antioxidant alpha-tocopherol. The calcium antagonist nifedipine didn't affect the content of endogenous LP products neither alone nor in combination with alpha-tocopherol.     

Temperature sensitive mutant of Herpes simplex virus type 1. II. Neurovirulence and latency]

The course of acute infection of mice with ts mutant or the native strain DNA and the antigens of HSV in brain nerve cells were determined. Virus DNA was detected in brains of all mice in both animal groups while the virus antigens--only in cells of mice infected with the native strain. It can be suggested, therefore, that the ability of ts mutant to replicate in central nervous system of the infected mice is lacking or much lower. The detection of virus nucleic acid 3-5 months after virus infection might indicate a possibility of establishing latent infection. However, ts mutant showed a significantly lower possibility of latency induction, as compared with highly virulent strains. It was found that the mutant ability to induce latent infection was markedly increased when mice were treated with both ts mutant and Depo-Medrol as immunosuppressive agent. This finding shows both a possibility of increase of frequency of latent infections in the state of immunosuppression, and of activation of the latent infection (recurrence of acute form of infection).     

Selection of methods of detecting lactose-fermenting Salmonella strains and evaluating their usefulness for diagnostic studies

Salmonella rods of subspecies I, lactose-fermenting were first isolated in Poland in 1980. They were isolated from a plus sample taken from a brain abscess of a child. Next strains were isolated from faeces of newborn and hospitalized children. Growth characteristic of colonies of lactose-fermenting Salmonella strains on selective-differentiating media (Mac Conkey's Levine, SS, So?tys) recommended for inoculation of clinical material resembled Escherichia coli. So far these type of colonies were omitted in diagnostic examinations. Lactose-fermenting variants showed on Bismuth sulfate agar "Difco" (WB) typical for Salmonella growth pattern. They grew on this medium after 48 hr of incubation in a form of black, medium sized colonies, with some metallic brilliance and characteristic blackening of the medium undercolonies. Precise knowledge of biochemical properties of lactose-fermenting Salmonella allows to supplement so far used diagnostic scheme with additional tests permitting differentiation of lactose-fermenting variants of Salmonella from the other members of Enterobacteriaceae family. Taking into consideration biochemical variants in diagnostic procedure i.e. lactose-fermenting Salmonella, allowedns to isolate in the years 1983-1985 lactose-positive strains in 1305 out of 2773 (47%) individuals positive for S. agona. In 1987, 246 persons (28.3%) out of 869 with lactose-fermenting Salmonella of various serotypes were simultaneously infected with lactose-negative variant. Lactose-fermenting strains of Salmonella belonged most frequently to the following genera: S. agona, S. enteritidis, S. oranienburg, S. typhimurium, and S. goldcoast. It was found that the modified diagnostic procedure makes possible the isolation and the identification of lactose-positive varians of Salmonella.     

Microbial colonization and succession in the large intestine of newborn infants during their stay with mothers at the maternity hospital]

Formation of microflora in the large intestine of 5-day old infants was studied in one of the Moscow maternity homes. The up-to-date procedures for isolation and identification of aerobic and anaerobic organisms were used in the study and the findings were processed on a computer. In the newborns of the maternity home of the "mother-infant" type there was observed colonization of the large intestine with aerobic and anaerobic organisms. A wave-like dynamics in the formation of the symbiotic microflora was revealed. It reflected the phenomenon of the microbial succession in the infants. The attempts to detect microbial interference between the species colonizing the large intestine showed that it was extremely rare in the 5-day old infants. This was likely the reason of the low intestine resistance to the colonization in the newborns which in its turn defined the frequent colonization of the intestine mucosa with S. aureus and the organisms of the Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Citrobacter group.     

Microbial colonization and succession on the faucial mucosa in newborn infants rooming in with their mothers in a maternity hospital]

The formation of microflora on the laryngeal mucosa in newborn infants during the first 5 days of their life was studied in one of the maternity hospitals of Moscow. In this work modern methods of the isolation and identification of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms were used, and the results thus obtained were computer-processed. In the maternity hospital of the "mother-child" type the microbial colonization of the laryngeal mucosa by normal and opportunistic microorganisms was noted in newborn infants. A wave-like course of the formation of laryngeal microflora, indicative of microbial succession occurring in the child, was revealed. The attempt to establish the cases of microbial interference between the species colonizing the laryngeal mucosa revealed that it was very rarely observed in 5-day-old newborns. This feature was seemingly the cause of low resistance of the larynx to colonization in newborn infants, which determined frequent colonization of their laryngeal mucosa with Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella.