九节茶的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称 九节茶[Sarcandra glabra（Thunb．）Nakai],又名草珊瑚、肿节风、接骨莲。 2材料类别带节茎段。     

细胞质膜在罗非鱼和叉尾斗鱼低温驯化过程中的功能

研究通过一系列科学的指标,比如死亡温度、累计温度处理时间和存活率曲线,检测并比较了吉富罗非鱼和叉尾斗鱼的低温耐受能力,然后系统地检测了在两种鱼中,低温对一系列与细胞膜相关的生理指标的影响,包括细胞膜流动性、内吞作用和膜蛋白Na+, K+ -ATPase的活性。实验结果显示叉尾斗鱼比吉富罗非鱼有着明显优良的耐寒力。两种鱼内与细胞膜相关的生理指标都对温度敏感,但是具体的敏感程度却在耐寒种(叉尾斗鱼)和不耐寒种(吉富罗非鱼)之间存在显著差异。在具体每个物种内部,与细胞膜相关的一系列生理功能对温度的敏感程度是一致的。所有这些种间差异性和种内一致性都使得细胞膜流动性在物种耐寒过程中的重要性凸显出来。结果揭示细胞质膜,尤其是质膜流动性可能在这两种鱼对低温适应过程中扮演重要的角色。       

颧颞部骨折术后并发颞部凹陷的临床回顾性研究

目的：分析不同颧颞部骨折性质与颞部凹陷的相关性,评价颧颞部骨折术后并发颞部凹陷的防治效果。方法：对105例颧颞部骨折病例进行回顾性分析,52例患者行颞部凹陷修复术,采用头皮冠状切口,应用钛网修复颞部凹陷,术后通过长期随访评价治疗效果。结果：陈旧性骨折颞部凹陷的发生率显著高于新鲜骨折,但治疗后颞部外形均有明显改善。结论：钛网植入能有效地修复颧颞部骨折术后并发的颞部凹陷,但应把握手术时机及治疗方法。     

亨利兜兰的离体快速繁殖

1植物名称 亨利兜兰（Paphiopedilum henryanum Bream）。 2材料类别 种子。 3培养条件 种子萌发和原球茎分化培养基：（1）1/2MS;（2）1/2MS＋1g·L-1活性炭;（3）1/2MS＋1g·L-1活性炭＋100mL·L-1椰子乳;     

青海曲麻莱-治多地区巴颜喀拉山群(上三叠统)遗迹化石

首次对青海南部曲麻莱-治多地区巴颜喀拉山群上部(上三叠统)遗迹化石进行了系统采集,共采获遗迹化石33属54种。据遗迹化石的形态、习性、水深等环境成因特征,可划分为两类组合:一类以Cosmorhaphe,Helminthopsis,Helminthoida,Megagrapton,Paleodictyon等为主,产生于浊流事件前;另一类以Chondrites,Neo-nereites,Palaeophycus,Phycosiphon,Planolites,Zoophycos等为主,产生于浊流事件后,两者均为半深海-深海Nereites遗迹相的典型代表,反映晚三叠世研究区应为浊流沉积发育的复理石相沉积。     

滞育及不同虫态下亚洲玉米螟内参基因的筛选

筛选出滞育状态下以及不同虫态下亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)的实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)最稳定内参基因,本结果为研究不同虫态及滞育1个月,滞育2个月,滞育3个月和滞育4个月的亚洲玉米螟目的基因表达水平提供参考依据。本文以不同虫态及滞育状态下的亚洲玉米螟为试验材料,应用RT-qPCR技术检测β-actin,18S rRNA,EF1-α和RPS3共4个候选内参基因的表达稳定性水平,结合ge Norm,Normfinder,Best Keeper和Ref Finder软件分析各候选内参基因在不同处理下的表达稳定性。结果表明,在亚洲玉米螟不同虫态中,4个候选内参基因的稳定性大小排序为18S rRNAEF1-αβ-actinRPS3;滞育1个月,滞育2个月,滞育3个月和滞育4个月的亚洲玉米螟,稳定性大小排序为β-actinEF1-α18S rRNARPS3。18S rRNA和β-actin可分别作为不同虫态和滞育状态下的亚洲玉米螟基因表达水平分析试验中的内参基因。     

芦笋木蠹蛾对芦笋根茎的选择及湿度对其蛹发育的影响

在室内条件下,观察和测定了芦笋木蠹蛾Isoceras sibirica(Alpheraky)幼虫对芦笋(Asparagus offcinalis)青茎、白茎、贮藏根的选择性、转化率和利用率.采用Cain和Sheppard指数、Ivelev指数统计结果,该虫对芦笋根、茎的喜好性排序为青茎＞白茎＞贮藏根.而幼虫对芦笋根、茎的相对取食量、相对生长率、近似消化率、食物利用率和食物转化率的排序为白茎＞青茎＞贮藏根.在白笋和青笋的食料组合中,幼虫对白笋存在负转换行为(Si=-0.31),对青笋存在正转换行为(Si=0.28).在白笋和贮藏根的食料组合中,该虫对白笋存在正转换行为(Si=0.03),而对贮藏根存在负转换行为(Si=-0.09).在室温30℃空气相对湿度(RH)为100%、76%、50%、32%和0的处理中,均以0～1日龄蛹的净失水量最高,分别为0.43%、0.88%、1.11%、1.84%和5.81%.随着蛹龄的增高,其失水率缓慢增长.蛹羽化前,高湿(RH100%)和中湿(RH76%,RH50%,RH32%)处理中蛹的累计失水率依次为4.27%,12.4%,17.8%和19.9%,而低湿(RH 0%)处理中蛹的失水率高达40.9%.在各RH下,蛹1日龄后的逐日累计失水率均与其日龄呈明显的线性关系.在RH32%～100%条件下,蛹的羽化率为83.4%～90.2%,在RH0%条件下,其羽化率仅有36.3%.在不同时段,蛹的表皮渗透力有两个高峰,分别出现在最初的2 h和8 h内,以2 h内的表皮渗透力最高,达0.25μg(cm2.h.mmHg).8 h后,随着测定时间的延长,蛹的表皮渗透力明显降低,24 h时仅有0.14μg/(cm2.h.mmHg).     

水稻抗稻飞虱基因遗传与定位研究进展

褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens St(a)l)、白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera Horvath)和灰飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus Fallén)是水稻生产上的重要害虫,给我国水稻生产造成了严重的经济损失.培育和利用抗虫品种是防治稻飞虱经济有效的措施.抗性遗传和抗性基因研究是进行抗虫育种的基础.目前,有关水稻抗褐飞虱基因的遗传与定位研究取得了较大进展,包括21个主基因、50余个QTLs和许多褐飞虱抗性相关基因被发掘、定位与克隆,而白背飞虱和灰飞虱抗性基因尚有待进一步发掘和鉴定.此外,今后应加强稻飞虱抗性基因在生产上的应用.     

The formation of improved tetraploid population of red crucian carp × common carp hybrids by androgenesis

Bisexual fertile diploid androgenetic individuals (A0) (2n=100) were formed by androgenesis. In this way, the diploid spermatozoa from male allotetraploid hybrids (AT) (4n=200) of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) (♀) × common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (♂) were used to fertilize the UV-treated hap- loid eggs of goldfish (Carassius auratus), and living androgenetic diploid fish were developed. The A0 became sexually mature at the age of 2 years, and they fertilized with each other to form their offspring (A1). In this study, we observed the chromosomal number, gonadal structure and appearance of A1 fish. The results are as follows: (1) In A1, there were 85% tetraploids (A1-4n), 10% triploids (A1-3n) and 5% diploids (A1-2n), suggesting that diploid A0 could produce diploid gametes. It was concluded that the formation of diploid gametes generated from diploid A0 was probably related to the mechanism of pre-meiotic endoreduplication. (2) Among A1, only A1-4n possessed normal ovaries and testes. The mature males of A1-4n produced white semen. Under the electron microscope, the head of diploid sperm generated by A1-4n was bigger than that of haploid sperm generated by red crucian carp. In the testes of the A1-4n, there were many mature normal spermatozoa with a head bearing plasma mem- brane and a tail having the typical structure of "9 2" microtubules. Between the head and the tail, there were some mitochondria. The ovaries of A1-4n developed well and mainly contained II, III and IV-stage oocytes. The IV-stage oocytes were surrounded by inner and outer follicular cells. The micropyle was observed on the oolemma of follicular cells. There were abundant yolks and plenty of endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of IV-stage oocytes. Because A1-2n and A1-3n were distant crossing diploid hybrids and triploid hybrids respectively, they possessed abnormal gonads, and no mature semen and eggs were observed. (3) Compared with allotetraploids, the A1-4n fish not only had advantages such as fast growth rate and strong resistibility but also showed some new good performances such as high ratio of body width to body length, smaller heads and shorter tails. These results indicated that an- drogenesis could produce bisexual fertile tetraploids and improve the shape of allotetraploid hybrids as well, which will be of great significance in both the cell genetics research and fish breeding.