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1.
硼抑制植物病害作用及机制的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
硼不仅是植物生长必需的营养元素,也可减少和降低植物病害的发生。本文总结了硼抑制植物病害发生的作用机制:参与植物细胞壁和膜形成,增强植物细胞稳定性;诱导植物产生系统获得性抗性;诱导植物细胞产生适量的酚类和过氧化物;抑制病原菌菌丝生长,扭曲病原菌菌丝结构形态;破坏病原茵活性氧代谢系统,加快膜脂过氧化作用;与生防菌协同控制植物病害发生等。另外,还探讨了矿质元素防治植物病害可能存在的问题以及应用前景,以期为进一步的研究提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
丛枝菌根菌诱导植物抗病的内在机制   总被引:15,自引:5,他引:10  
应用菌根真菌诱导植物抗病性是近年化学生态学和病害生物防治研究的热点.研究表明,丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对土传病原物具有一定拮抗或抑制作用,能提高植物对土传病害的抗/耐病性.在菌根根际,各种菌群不断产生相互作用,AMF在其中起着抑制病原菌、促进有益菌生长的作用,可与其他桔抗菌结合,用做生防菌.AMF提高植物抗病性的机制还有这样几种假设:(1)植物营养得到改善;(2)竞争作用;(3)根系形态结构改变;(4)根际微生物区系变化;(5)诱导抗性及诱导系统抗性,即AMF侵染植物根系后,诱导植物体内酚酸类代谢产物增加,使植物产生局部或系统防御反应.深人研究AMF提高植物抗病性的机制,有助于正确理解菌根的抗病作用,使其能尽快地成为植物病害生物防治中的一种新方法,在生态农业中发挥作用。  相似文献   

3.
钙抑制植物病害作用及机制的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
钙不仅是植物生长必需的营养元素,在植物的生长发育中发挥着重要作用。研究发现,钙可减少和降低植物病害的发生。总结了钙抑制植物病害发生的作用机制:参与组织结构的形成,增强植物细胞稳定性和抗病能力;诱导植物产生防卫反应,增强植物抗病能力;调节植物的抗氧化系统,提高植物的抗病性;抑制病原菌的生长;与生防菌协同控制植物病害的发生等。最后,还探讨了矿质元素防治植物病害可能存在的问题以及应用前景,以期为进一步的研究提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)具有很强的抑制植物病原真菌的能力。其菌体细胞能产生多种酶类、脂肽类抗生素、生物表面活性素、聚酮类化合物和抑菌蛋白,同时具有诱导植物产生系统抗性(ISR)的能力,因此在工农业、种植业、养殖业、食品加工业、果蔬的采后保鲜和饲料业等行业具有重要价值。本文对解淀粉芽胞杆菌抗真菌作用、抗真菌能力提高策略、抗菌化合物合成调节、抑制真菌机制及其引发的ISR等问题进行了深入探讨和综述。  相似文献   

5.
植物病害的生物防治是降低化学农药用量、减少环境污染的一种有效方式,木霉是现在普遍应用且生防潜力巨大的灰霉病防治真菌。目前,已经对防治灰霉的木霉菌株的筛选、应用及生防机制进行了大量而深入的研究。木霉的生防机制分为直接生防机制和间接生防机制,前者主要指木霉与灰霉病菌直接作用过程中所涉及的重寄生、抗生和营养竞争,后者是木霉通过诱导植物产生系统抗性来防治灰霉。本文对木霉直接防治灰霉病以及诱导植物产生系统抗性防治灰霉病所涉及的互作模式、信号传导途径以及所引起的防御反应进行综述,旨在通过机制的深入研究能够找到进一步提高木霉生防效果的技术方案。  相似文献   

6.
植物内生菌及其防治植物病害的研究进展   总被引:78,自引:0,他引:78       下载免费PDF全文
石晶盈  陈维信  刘爱媛 《生态学报》2006,26(7):2395-2401
综述了植物内生菌及其防治植物病害的研究进展.植物内生菌分布广,种类多,几乎存在于所有目前已研究过的陆生及水生植物中,目前全世界至少已在80个属290多种禾本科植物中发现有内生真菌,在各种农作物及经济作物中发现的内生细菌已超过120种.感染内生菌的植物宿主往往具有生长快速、抗逆境、抗病害、抗动物危害等优势,比未感染内生菌的植株更具生存竞争力.植物内生菌的防病机理主要表现在通过产生抗生素类,水解酶类,植物生长调节剂和生物碱类物质,与病原菌竞争营养物质,增强宿主植物的抵抗力以及诱导植物产生系统抗性等途径抑制病原菌生长.另外,对植物内生真菌和内生细菌的分离、筛选和检测方法;利用植物内生菌控制植物病害的途径如人工接种内生菌,利用内生菌代谢产生的抗生素以及将内生菌作为基因工程的载体菌等进行了综述.同时,对植物内生菌作为生物防治因子未来发展前景及存在的问题进行了讨论.利用植物内生菌作为生物防治因子进行大田防病,需要考虑它的病理学、生态学和形态学等方面的影响.  相似文献   

7.
拮抗细菌与其他生防因子复配防治植物病害研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目前,利用单一微生物防治植物病害的研究比较多,但在实际应用中受到各种因素的影响,防治效果不理想.将多种拮抗细菌复配,通过各菌株间的优势互补能够增强对环境的适应能力,从而提高防治效果.本文综述了拮抗细菌与其他生防菌以及植物提取物复配防治植物病害的研究进展,并讨论了植物病害生物防治的研究方向.  相似文献   

8.
生防细菌产生的拮抗物质及其在生物防治中的作用   总被引:37,自引:6,他引:31  
王光华 《应用生态学报》2004,15(6):1100-1104
利用生防细菌防治植物病害是生物防治的一个主要内容.生防细菌防治植物病害发生发展的一个重要机制是产生拮抗物质.生防细菌的拮抗物质种类多,作用范围广谱.同一种拮抗物质可以由多种细菌菌株产生,而同一细菌也可以产生多种不同结构的拮抗物质.运用现代分子生物学技术和先进的分析测试手段可以加快对产生拮抗物质生防细菌的研究,了解生防细菌在寄主植物根围和叶围的定植效果。明确拮抗物质在生物防治中的作用.拮抗物质的产生除与细菌基因型有关外,一些外在的生物和非生物因素如病原菌存在与否、温度、pH和C、N营养等也影响拮抗物质产生.文中论述了生防细菌应用中存在的问题。指出混合菌剂的研制对防止病原菌抗性产生具有重要作用,应是今后生防菌剂研制中的重点.  相似文献   

9.
木霉菌防治植物真菌病害研究进展   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
木霉菌是一种重要的植物病害生防因子,尤其在防治植物病原真菌病害中一直受到极大的关注。木霉菌依靠其菌株在包括趋向生长、识别、接触、缠绕与穿透等步骤的真菌寄生过程中分泌产生的几丁质酶、葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶等一系列细胞壁降解酶,进行重寄生作用,拮抗其他植物病原菌,行使其生防功能。我们简要概述了木霉菌的种类、拮抗对象、抑菌机制、诱导抗性、促生作用、基于分子生物学的转基因工程研究,以及木霉菌在植物病原真菌生物防治中的应用。  相似文献   

10.
微生物诱导的植物系统抗性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
陈峰 《工业微生物》2007,37(5):51-53
综述了由植物病原菌和非病原性的根际促生菌诱导产生的两种植物系统抗性:系统获得性抗性(SAR)和系统诱导抗性(ISR),比较了两类系统抗性的诱导、信号分子和机理的异同点,阐述了信号分子水杨酸在系统获得性抗性诱导过程中的作用及茉莉酸和乙烯在系统诱导抗性产生过程中的作用。  相似文献   

11.
Among the many types of plant stressors, pathogen attack, mainly fungi and bacteria can cause particularly severe damage both to individual plants and, on a wider scale, to agricultural productivity. The magnitude of these pathogen-induced problems has stimulated rapid progress in green biotechnology research into plant defense mechanisms. Plants can develop local and systemic wide-spectrum resistance induced by their exposure to virulent (systemic acquired resistance—SAR) or non-pathogenic microbes and various chemical elicitors (induced systemic resistance—ISR). β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA), non-protein amino acid, is though to be important component of the signaling pathway regulating ISR response in plants. After treatment with BABA or various chemicals, after infection by a necrotizing pathogen, colonization of the roots by beneficial microbes many plants establish a unique physiological state that is called the “primed” state of the plant. This review will focus on the recent knowledge about the role of BABA in the induction of ISR against pathogens mainly against fungi.  相似文献   

12.
Systemically induced resistance is a promising strategy to control plant diseases, as it affects numerous pathogens. However, since induced resistance reduces one or both growth and activity of plant pathogens, the indigenous microflora may also be affected by an enhanced defensive state of the plant. The aim of this study was to elucidate how much the bacterial rhizosphere microflora of Arabidopsis is affected by induced systemic resistance (ISR) or systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Therefore, the bacterial microflora of wild-type plants and plants affected in their defense signaling was compared. Additionally, ISR was induced by application of methyl jasmonate and SAR by treatment with salicylic acid or benzothiadiazole. As a comparative model, we also used wild type and ethylene-insensitive tobacco. Some of the Arabidopsis genotypes affected in defense signaling showed altered numbers of culturable bacteria in their rhizospheres; however, effects were dependent on soil type. Effects of plant genotype on rhizosphere bacterial community structure could not be related to plant defense because chemical activation of ISR or SAR had no significant effects on density and structure of the rhizosphere bacterial community. These findings support the notion that control of plant diseases by elicitation of systemic resistance will not significantly affect the resident soil bacterial microflora.  相似文献   

13.
Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants: mechanism of action   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Plants possess a range of active defense apparatuses that can be actively expressed in response to biotic stresses (pathogens and parasites) of various scales (ranging from microscopic viruses to phytophagous insect). The timing of this defense response is critical and reflects on the difference between coping and succumbing to such biotic challenge of necrotizing pathogens/parasites. If defense mechanisms are triggered by a stimulus prior to infection by a plant pathogen, disease can be reduced. Induced resistance is a state of enhanced defensive capacity developed by a plant when appropriately stimulated. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) are two forms of induced resistance wherein plant defenses are preconditioned by prior infection or treatment that results in resistance against subsequent challenge by a pathogen or parasite. Selected strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) suppress diseases by antagonism between the bacteria and soil-borne pathogens as well as by inducing a systemic resistance in plant against both root and foliar pathogens. Rhizobacteria mediated ISR resembles that of pathogen induced SAR in that both types of induced resistance render uninfected plant parts more resistant towards a broad spectrum of plant pathogens. Several rhizobacteria trigger the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent SAR pathway by producing SA at the root surface whereas other rhizobacteria trigger different signaling pathway independent of SA. The existence of SA-independent ISR pathway has been studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, which is dependent on jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene signaling. Specific Pseudomonas strains induce systemic resistance in viz., carnation, cucumber, radish, tobacco, and Arabidopsis, as evidenced by an enhanced defensive capacity upon challenge inoculation. Combination of ISR and SAR can increase protection against pathogens that are resisted through both pathways besides extended protection to a broader spectrum of pathogens than ISR/SAR alone. Beside Pseudomonas strains, ISR is conducted by Bacillus spp. wherein published results show that several specific strains of species B. amyloliquifaciens, B. subtilis, B. pasteurii, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. mycoides, and B.sphaericus elicit significant reduction in the incidence or severity of various diseases on a diversity of hosts.  相似文献   

14.
Biological control of soil-borne pathogens comprises the decrease of inoculum or of the disease producing activity of a pathogen through one or more mechanisms. Interest in biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens has increased considerably in the last few decades, because it may provide control of diseases that cannot or only partly be managed by other control strategies. Recent advances in microbial and molecular techniques have significantly contributed to new insights in underlying mechanisms by which introduced bacteria function. Colonization of plant roots is an essential step for both soil-borne pathogenic and beneficial rhizobacteria. Colonization patterns showed that rhizobacteria act as biocontrol agents or as growth-promoting bacteria form microcolonies or biofilms at preferred sites of root exudation. Such microcolonies are sites for bacteria to communicate with each other (quorum sensing) and to act in a coordinated manner. Elicitation of induced systemic resistance (ISR) by plant-associated bacteria was initially demonstrated using Pseudomonas spp. and other Gram-negative bacteria. Several strains of the species Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, B. pasteurii, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. mycoides, and B. sphaericus elicit significant reductions in the incidence or severity of various diseases on a diversity of hosts. Elicitation of ISR by these strains has been demonstrated in greenhouse or field trials on tomato, bell pepper, muskmelon, watermelon, sugar beet, tobacco, Arabidopsis sp., cucumber, loblolly pine, and two tropical crops (long cayenne pepper and green kuang futsoi). Protection resulting from ISR elicited by Bacillus spp. has been reported against leaf-spotting fungal and bacterial pathogens, systemic viruses, a crown-rotting fungal pathogen, root-knot nematodes, and a stem-blight fungal pathogen as well as damping-off, blue mold, and late blight diseases. This progress will lead to a more efficient use of these strains which is worthwhile approach to explore in context of biocontrol strategies.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract: In Arabidopsis thaliana, non-pathogenic, root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS417r bacteria trigger an induced systemic resistance (ISR) that is phenotypically similar to pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). In contrast to SAR, WCS417r-mediated ISR is controlled by a salicylic acid (SA)-independent signalling pathway that requires an intact response to the plant hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET). Arabidopsis accessions RLD1 and Ws-0 fail to express ISR against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and show enhanced disease susceptibility to this pathogen. Genetic analysis of progeny from crosses between WCS417r-responsive and non-responsive accessions demonstrated that ISR inducibility and basal resistance against P. syringae pv. tomato are controlled by a single dominant locus (ISR1) on chromosome III (Ton et al., 1999[294]). Here, we investigated the role of the ISR1 locus in ISR, SAR and basal resistance against three additional pathogens: Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae, Peronospora parasitica and turnip crinkle virus (TCV), using accessions Col-0 (ISR1), RLD1 (isr1) and Ws-0 (isr1) as host plants.  相似文献   

16.
Salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) are each involved in the regulation of basal resistance against different pathogens. These three signals play important roles in induced resistance as well. SA is a key regulator of pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR), whereas JA and ET are required for rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR). Both types of induced resistance are effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. In this study, we compared the spectrum of effectiveness of SAR and ISR using an oomycete, a fungal, a bacterial, and a viral pathogen. In noninduced Arabidopsis plants, these pathogens are primarily resisted through either SA-dependent basal resistance (Peronospora parasitica and Turnip crinkle virus [TCV]), JA/ET-dependent basal resistance responses (Alternaria brassicicola), or a combination of SA-, JA-, and ET-dependent defenses (Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae). Activation of ISR resulted in a significant level of protection against A. brassicicola, whereas SAR was ineffective against this pathogen. Conversely, activation of SAR resulted in a high level of protection against P. parasitica and TCV, whereas ISR conferred only weak and no protection against P. parasitica and TCV, respectively. Induction of SAR and ISR was equally effective against X. campestris pv. armoraciae. These results indicate that SAR is effective against pathogens that in noninduced plants are resisted through SA-dependent defenses, whereas ISR is effective against pathogens that in noninduced plants are resisted through JA/ET-dependent defenses. This suggests that SAR and ISR constitute a reinforcement of extant SA- or JA/ET-dependent basal defense responses, respectively.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Root colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana by the nonpathogenic, rhizosphere-colonizing, biocontrol bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS417r has been shown to elicit induced systemic resistance (ISR) against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). The ISR response differs from the pathogen-inducible systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response in that ISR is independent of salicylic acid and not associated with pathogenesis-related proteins. Several ethylene-response mutants were tested and showed essentially normal symptoms of Pst infection. ISR was abolished in the ethylene-insensitive mutant etr1-1, whereas SAR was unaffected. Similar results were obtained with the ethylene-insensitive mutants ein2 through ein7, indicating that the expression of ISR requires the complete signal-transduction pathway of ethylene known so far. The induction of ISR by WCS417r was not accompanied by increased ethylene production in roots or leaves, nor by increases in the expression of the genes encoding the ethylene biosynthetic enzymes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase. The eir1 mutant, displaying ethylene insensitivity in the roots only, did not express ISR upon application of WCS417r to the roots, but did exhibit ISR when the inducing bacteria were infiltrated into the leaves. These results demonstrate that, for the induction of ISR, ethylene responsiveness is required at the site of application of inducing rhizobacteria.  相似文献   

19.
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