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1.
张小卉 《植物研究》2011,(3):277-283
运用扫描电子显微镜法(SEM)对木通科(Lardizabalaceae)4属植物茎的次生木质部导管分子进行观察,结果表明:(1)端壁均具有单穿孔板;(2)串果藤属的导管分子具有丰富的穿孔板类型,包括网状、梯状、单穿孔及过渡类型,穿孔具有网状、丝状、片状的纹孔膜残余;大血藤属和八月瓜属的导管分子具有相似的特征,端壁具有梯状、单穿孔及梯—单混合穿孔板;野木瓜属只具有单穿孔板;(3)侧壁上具有穿孔板,多为梯状或梯—网混合类型(除了野木瓜属);(4)野木瓜属的导管侧壁具有独特的螺旋状加厚。各属导管的不同特征为木通科的系统演化提供比较可靠的依据。  相似文献   

2.
毛茛科植物导管穿孔板结构的比较观察   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
本文对毛茛科38属88种植物导管分子的穿孔板结构进行了比较观察。根据穿孔板的结构可分为三种型式:(1)单穿孔板,这类穿孔板较普遍存在。(2)梯状穿孔板,发现有26属37种植物的导管分子具有此类穿孔板。芍药属和星果草属植物导管分子均只具有梯状穿孔板,无单穿孔板。在其他种中,可见或多或少地具有梯状穿孔板,而其中有的具有较少的横条或具过渡型的穿孔板。(3)“买麻藤式”穿孔板,在11属12种植物中可见到这类穿孔板,它们被认为是由网状穿孔板演化为单穿孔板时的过渡类型。  相似文献   

3.
利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微电镜,以10种茶藨子属植物为研究材料,观察了其导管分子的形态结构。结果显示:(1)所研究的茶藨子属植物导管分子穿孔板为梯状穿孔板,且穿孔板上横隔分布的数量不同,端壁倾斜角度种间变化不大;(2)导管分子纹孔式样为互列式或兼有互列式和对列式,纹孔形状种间存在差异;(3)有的种类导管分子内壁有螺纹加厚或网状凸起。研究表明,不同生境下的茶藨子属植物导管形态与其生态适应性之间有较强的相关性,表现为湿生环境的物种导管较短,直径较宽;旱生环境的物种导管较长,直径较小;中生环境的居中。本文分析了茶藨子属植物导管分子形态特征的生态适应性。  相似文献   

4.
中国木兰属和含笑属导管分子的比较解剖   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文对我国木兰科的39种木兰属和含笑属植物次生木质部的导管分子进行了初步分析。两属导管分子的长度和宽度略有差异。木兰属中多数种的导管分于有单穿孔板,但有的可见到梯状穿孔板。含笑属植物的导管分子大多具有梯状穿孔板,仅有一种可看到单穿孔板。在具有梯状穿孔板的木兰属植物中,穿孔板的横隔数目较含笑属的多。木兰属的导管壁上一般无螺纹加厚;含笑属则相反。此外,在两属之间,导管尚存在一些其它差异。  相似文献   

5.
八属木兰科植物木材导管分子的比较解剖   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文比较描述了我国木兰科木莲属、华盖木属,长蕊木兰属,拟单性木兰属,合果木属,观光木属,香木兰属和鹅掌楸属等8属22种植物次生质部的导管分子,这些导管分子的长度和宽度都有差异,木莲属的所有种中都有具梯状穿孔板的导管分子,但在少数种中偶然可见到单穿孔,在其它属中,也都有具梯状穿孔板的导管分子,仅在观光木属中偶见的单穿孔,木莲属大多数种均无螺纹加厚,仅桂南木莲一种除外,另外,除了合果木属和鹅掌楸无螺纹加厚外,其余均有此种加厚,各属的导管分子还存在其它一些差异。  相似文献   

6.
八属木兰科植物木材导管分子的比较解剖   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
本文比较描述了我国木兰科木莲属、华盖木属,长蕊木兰属,拟单性木兰属,合果木属,观光木属,香木兰属和鹅掌楸属等8属22种植物次生质部的导管分子,这些导管分子的长度和宽度都有差异,木莲属的所有种中都有具梯状穿孔板的导管分子,但在少数种中偶然可见到单穿孔,在其它属中,也都有具梯状穿孔板的导管分子,仅在观光木属中偶见的单穿孔,木莲属大多数种均无螺纹加厚,仅桂南木莲一种除外,另外,除了合果木属和鹅掌楸无螺纹加厚外,其余均有此种加厚,各属的导管分子还存在其它一些差异。  相似文献   

7.
凹叶厚朴细弱枝与粗壮枝导管分子的比较研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
对凹叶厚朴粗壮枝和细弱枝的次生木质部进行离析研究,发现其导管穿孔板有两种类型,即单穿孔板和梯状穿孔板.在细弱枝中,具不同类型穿孔板的导管分子有八种类型,即一端为单穿孔板的导管分子,另一端为梯状穿孔板的导管分子;只有一端为单穿孔板的导管分子;只有一端为梯状穿孔板的导管分子;两端均为单穿孔板的导管分子;两端均为梯状穿孔板的导管分子;具三个单穿孔板的导管分子;两端具单穿孔板的导管分子,中间具多个梯状穿孔板的导管分子;具多个梯状穿孔板的导管分子.粗壮枝除了无具多个梯状穿孔板的导管分子外,其它细弱枝的导管分子的类型都具有.细弱枝的导管分子宽而长,粗壮枝导管分子窄而短.  相似文献   

8.
陈树思 《西北植物学报》2006,26(9):1853-1858
运用细胞图象分析系统及显微照相的方法,对余甘子次生木质部导管分子进行观察研究.结果发现,余甘子次生木质部导管分子中存在着许多不同的样式,导管分子大多数具尾;其穿孔板存在着两种类型:(1)两端均为1个单穿孔板;(2)一端为1个单穿孔板另一端为2个单穿孔板;(3)极少数的导管分子具有特殊的内含物;(4)管间纹孔式为互列纹孔式;(5)导管射线间纹孔式为混合型纹孔与横列刻痕状纹孔以及梯状穿孔.  相似文献   

9.
东北刺人参茎次生木质部结构植物学研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
东北刺人参为五加科植物,本文对其茎次生木质部进行结构植物学研究,发现其为环孔材,射线为异形Ⅱ型。在离析材料中,发现其导管分子穿孔板有单穿孔板和梯状穿孔板2种。具不同穿孔板的导管分子可分为8种。还有维管管胞、纤维管胞和韧型木纤维。8种导管分子是只有中央具1个单穿孔的导管;中央有2个穿孔的导管,其中一个孔是单穿孔,另一个是梯状穿孔;一端是梯状穿孔板,另一端为孔纹增厚的导管;一端是单穿孔。另一端是孔纹增厚的导管;一端为单穿孔板。另一端为梯状穿孔板的导管;两端都是梯状穿孔板的导管;侧壁具有3个穿孔的导管;两端都具单穿孔的导管。在东北刺人参的个体发育中重演了系统发育过程中导管分子穿孔板的演化过程。  相似文献   

10.
利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微电镜,以10种茶藨子属植物为研究材料,观察了其导管分子的形态结构。结果显示:(1)所研究的茶藨子属植物导管分子穿孔板为梯状穿孔板,且穿孔板上横隔分布的数量不同,端壁倾斜角度种间变化不大;(2)导管分子纹孔式样为互列式或兼有互列式和对列式,纹孔形状种间存在差异;(3)有的种类导管分子内壁有螺纹加厚或网状凸起。研究表明,不同生境下的茶藨子属植物导管形态与其生态适应性之间有较强的相关性,表现为湿生环境的物种导管较短,直径较宽;旱生环境的物种导管较长,直径较小;中生环境的居中。本文分析了茶藨子属植物导管分子形态特征的生态适应性。  相似文献   

11.
We developed and evaluated simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers derived from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of Liriodendron tulipifera. Characteristics of 15 EST‐SSR loci were investigated using 33 L. tulipifera individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to five. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.216 to 0.751 and from 0.182 to 0.97, respectively. These loci were further tested for their cross‐species transferability to Liriodendron Chinense. Because of their high level of polymorphism and transferability, our 15 single‐locus EST‐SSR markers will be valuable tools for research on mating system, population genetics and systemic evolution of Liriodendron.  相似文献   

12.
Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from an AC-enriched genomic library of Liriodendron chinense (Magnoliaceae). The average allele number of these microsatellites was 5.2 per locus, ranging from three to eight. The observed and expected heterozygosity at population level were 0.07–1.00 and 0.10–0.83, respectively. These sets of microsatellites will be useful for studies of population genetic structure of Lchinense and L. tulipifera as well as to estimate fine-scale gene flow rates.  相似文献   

13.
Organic geochemical analyses are presented for a fossil Liriodendron sp. from the Miocene, Clarkia Flora of Northern Idaho. Flavonoid profiles determined for the fossil and two extent species of Liriodendron (L. chinense and L. tulipifera) confirm the generic status of the fossil material, but owing to a generic uniformity in flavonoid composition, fail to resolve taxonomic affinities at the species level. Steroid and other cycloalkane-alkene profiles indicate that the fossil taxon has a greater chemical similarity with L. chinense than L. tulipifera, despite the general leaf outline similarity between the fossil species and extent L. tulipifera. The morphologic and chemical data are interpreted as evidence for mosaic evolution within the genus, and the non-canalization of character states in some Miocene species.  相似文献   

14.
InLiriodendron tulipifera the Giemsa C-banding pattern differs remarkably from the distribution of condensed chromatin in prophase as revealed by conventional methods. The nature of proximal bands in metaphase chromosomes is interpreted to be different from the terminal ones. A comparison ofLiriodendron with some C-banded karyotypes of ± related taxa indicates a relatively high degree of karyomorphological differentiation in some woodyPolycarpicae. This has to be considered in karyosystematic comparisons.  相似文献   

15.
郑玲    徐皓    王玛丽 《植物学报》2008,25(2):203-211
利用扫描电镜观察了国产蹄盖蕨科(Athyriaceae)对囊蕨亚科(Deparioideae)10种植物及双盖蕨属(Diplazium Sw.)3种植物根状茎的管状分子。结果显示, 这些管状分子端壁和侧壁的形态及结构分别相同且侧壁具有穿孔板(多穿孔板)。根据穿孔板的形态特征, 将该亚科的管状分子分为5种类型: (1)梯状穿孔板, 无穿孔的二型性现象; (2)梯状穿孔板, 有穿孔的二型性现象; (3)网状穿孔板; (4)梯状-网状混合的穿孔板; (5)大孔状穿孔板。按照纹孔膜残留的程度又可分为3种: 部分区域有完整的纹孔膜、残留呈网状或线状以及很少或无纹孔膜残留。结合前人的研究资料, 发现蕨类植物的管状分子与被子植物的导管分子在形态和输导机理上存在明显差异, 管胞和导管分子不能仅仅根据纹孔膜的存在与否来确定, 而应根据穿孔板存在于端壁还是侧壁进行判断, 即穿孔板仅存在于端壁的管状分子为导管分子; 端壁和侧壁形态及结构分别相同, 有或无穿孔板的管状分子为管胞。由此可以推测蕨类植物和裸子植物中输导水分和矿物质的管状分子主要为管胞。单叶双盖蕨属(Triblemma(J. Sm.) Ching)与双盖蕨属管状分子的特征并不相似, 显示了将单叶双盖蕨属从双盖蕨属独立出来归入对囊蕨亚科的合理性。根据管状分子的特征, 推测假蹄盖蕨属(Athyriopsis Ching)和蛾眉蕨属(Lunathyrium Koidz.)可能是比较进化的属, 而介蕨属 (Dryoathyrium Ching)相对比较原始, 单叶双盖蕨属的系统位置应介于假蹄盖蕨属与介蕨属之间。  相似文献   

16.
国产对囊蕨亚科(蹄盖蕨科)植物的管状分子   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
郑玲  徐皓  王玛丽 《植物学通报》2008,25(2):203-211
利用扫描电镜观察了国产蹄盖蕨科(Athyriaceae)对囊蕨亚科(Deparioideae)10种植物及双盖蕨属(Diplazium Sw.)3种植物根状茎的管状分子。结果显示,这些管状分子端壁和侧壁的形态及结构分别相同且侧壁具有穿孔板(多穿孔板)。根据穿孔板的形态特征,将该亚科的管状分子分为5种类型:(1)梯状穿孔板,无穿孔的二型性现象:(2)梯状穿孔板,有穿孔的二型性现象:(3)网状穿孔板:(4)梯状-网状混合的穿孔板:(5)大孔状穿孔板。按照纹孔膜残留的程度又可分为3种:部分区域有完整的纹孔膜、残留呈网状或线状以及很少或无纹孔膜残留。结合前人的研究资料,发现蕨类植物的管状分子与被子植物的导管分子在形态和输导机理上存在明显差异,管胞和导管分子不能仅仅根据纹孔膜的存在与否来确定,而应根据穿孔板存在于端壁还是侧壁进行判断,即穿孔板仅存在于端壁的管状分子为导管分子:端壁和侧壁形态及结构分别相同,有或无穿孔板的管状分子为管胞。由此可以推测蕨类植物和裸子植物中输导水分和矿物质的管状分子主要为管胞。单叶双盖蕨属(Triblemma(J.Sm.)Ching)与双盖蕨属管状分子的特征并不相似,显示了将单叶双盖蕨属从双盖蕨属独立出来归人对囊蕨亚科的合理性。根据管状分子的特征,推测假蹄盖蕨属(Athyriopsis Ching)和蛾眉蕨属(Lunathyrium Koidz.)可能是比较进化的属,而介蕨属(Dryoathyrium Ching)相对比较原始,单叶双盖蕨属的系统位置应介于假蹄盖蕨属与介蕨属之间。  相似文献   

17.
Perforation plates from ten species of seven genera of Hydrangeales sensu Thorne were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of pit membranes in perforations ranges from abundant, as in Carpenteria and Hydrangea, to minimal, as in Deutzia, Escallonia and Philadelphus. Abnormally great pit membrane presence may result from the presence of secondary compounds that inhibit lysis, as in Quintinia serrata; such interference with the natural lysis process may or may not be evident from coarseness and irregularity of pit membrane surface and of threads composing the pit membrane remnants. The presence of pit membrane remnants in perforation plates is hypothesized to be a symplesiomorphy, found in a fraction of dicotyledons with scalariform perforation plates (but still in an appreciable number of species). Pit membrane remnant presence may represent incomplete lysis of primary wall material (cellulose microfibrils) in species that occupy highly mesic habitats, where such impedance in the conductive stream does not have an appreciable negative selective value. This physiological interpretation of pit membrane remnants in perforations is enhanced by the phylogenetic distribution as well as the strongly mesic ecological preferences of species that exemplify this phenomenon in dicotyledons at large. Families with pit membrane presence in perforations are scattered throughout phylogenetic trees, but they occur most often in basal branches of major clades (superorders) or as basal branches of orders within the major clades. Further study will doubtless reveal other families and genera in which this phenomenon occurs, although it is readily detected only with SEM. Phylogenetic stages in the disappearance of pit membrane remnants from perforation plates are described, ranging from intact pit membranes except for presence of pores of various sizes, to presence of membrane remnants only at lateral ends of perforations and in one or two perforations (arguably pits) at the transition between a perforation plate and subadjacent lateral wall pitting. Developmental study of the mechanism and timing of lysis of pit membranes in perforations, and assessment of the role of the conductive stream in their removal, are needed to enhance present understanding of vessel evolution. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 146 , 41–51.  相似文献   

18.

Background

Liriodendron is a genus of Magnoliaceae, which consists of two relict species, Liriodendron chinense and L. tulipifera. Although the morphologies are highly similar, the two species exhibit different adaptive capacity. Dehydrins (DHNs) are abiotic stresses resistant proteins in planta, which are associated with adaptive evolution. To better understand the evolution divergence between L. chinense and L. tulipifera and how DHN genes are associated with adaptation evolution, we firstly investigated the DNA polymorphisms of the LcDHN-like gene in 21?L. chinense and 6?L. tulipifera populations.

Results

A 707?bp LcDHN-like gene was cloned, which included a 477?bp open reading frame (ORF) and coding 158 amino acids. 311 LcDHN-like gDNA sequences were obtained from 70?L. chinense and 35?L. tulipifera individuals. The AMOVA and phylogenetic relationship analysis showed significant differences between the two species. A higher genetic diversity was observed in L. tulipifera compared to L. chinense, in consistent with the higher adaptive capacity of L. tulipifera. Our data also suggested that the LcDHN-like genes’ polymorphisms were under neutral mutation and purifying selection model in the L. chinense and L. tulipifera populations, respectively. The distinct expanding range and rate between the two species, haplotypes shared only in L.chinense’s nearby populations, and wide dispersals in L. tulipifera could contribute to the obscure east-west separation in L. chinense and entirely unordered phylogeny in L. tulipifera. The completely separated nonsynonymous substitution at position 875 and the higher range scope of aliphatic index in L. tulipifera populations may be related with its higher adaptive capacity. Taken together, our study suggests LcDHN-like gene is a potential mark gene responsible for adaptive evolution divergence in Liriodendron.

Conclusions

Significant differences and completely distinct haplogroups between L. chinense and L. tulipifera showed that the two species have evolved into different directions. The more widely distribution, earlier haplogroups divergence events, and richer SNPs variations in L. tulipifera could imply its stronger adaptation in this species. And potential effect of the allelic variations in LcDHN-like gene may reflect the difference of water stress and chill tolerance between L. chinense and L. tulipifera, which could provide some information for further adaption evolution studies of Liriodendron.
  相似文献   

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未来气候变化对孑遗植物鹅掌楸地理分布的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
为了解未来气候波动对鹅掌楸(Liriodendron chinense)潜在适生区的影响,利用最大熵模型(Maxent)和地理信息系统(ArcGIS)软件,结合物种地理分布点信息,对鹅掌楸当前适生区分布进行了模拟和划分,同时预测了2061-2080年间气候变化条件下鹅掌楸的潜在适生分布区变化,进而分析影响鹅掌楸地理分布的主要气候因子。结果表明,Maxent模型预测的准确性较高,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)的曲线下面积(AUC)均大于0.9。在未来4种不同的气候变化场景下(RCP 2.6、RCP4.5、RCP 6.0和RCP 8.5)鹅掌楸的地理分布发生变化,在RCP 4.5情景下,鹅掌楸适生面积明显增加;RCP 8.5情景下适生面积明显减少,尤其在贵州地区以及贵州、重庆与湖南的交界处。因此,鹅掌楸适生区分布的几何中心不变,而适生面积随着温室气体浓度的增加呈现先增加后减少的趋势。昼夜温差月均值、最湿季降雨和最干季降雨是影响鹅掌楸地理分布的主要气候因子,其累计贡献率达77.1%。  相似文献   

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