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1.
张玉山  吴薇  徐才国 《遗传》2008,30(6):781-787
水稻每穗颖花数是水稻产量的重要构成因子之一。适当的抽穗期和株高对水稻高产是非常必要的。依据珍汕97和HR5衍生的重组自交系初步定位的结果, 利用高世代回交的方法构建了第7染色体同时控制抽穗期、株高和每穗颖花数的靶区段近等基因系(BC4F2); 利用基于重组自交系群体的杂合区段自交的方法构建了第8染色体同时控制抽穗期、株高和每穗颖花数的靶区段近等基因系, 并利用两个近等基因系对这两个多效区段的遗传效应进行了准确的评价。两个近等基因系的QTL分析结果表明, 3个性状都是由一个QTL或紧密连锁的QTL控制, 而且加性效应和显性效应的方向均相同; 同时3个性状在各自的近等基因系中呈现典型的双峰分布或不连续分布,这些结果暗示3个性状可能是一因多效的结果。文章还对抽穗期和株高与水稻产量的关系、3个性状显著正相关在育种中的应用及两种构建近等基因系方法的优缺点也进行了讨论。  相似文献   

2.
用江西东乡普通野生稻(简称东乡普野)和桂朝2号的115株的BC1群体,构成了1张长度为1418.2cM.包含120个RFLP标记的遗传图谱,该图谱除第1染色体短臂上的标记的顺序与日本水稻基因组计划发表的图谱不同外,其他染色体上相对应的标记的顺序及标记之间的遗传距离基本一致。对控制花药长度和柱头外露率这两个栽培稻和野生稻的重要分类性状的QTL分析结果表明,控制花药长度的2个QTLs分别位于第2染色体C424~G39和第9染色体C2807~C1263间;控制柱头外露率的2个QTLs分别位于第5染色体R2289~R1553间和第8染色体G1149~R1963间。这两个重要分类性状的QTLs定位,为进一步研究野生稻进化到栽培稻的分子进化机理提供了有益的信息。  相似文献   

3.
利用分子标记定位水稻野败型核质互作雄性不育恢复基因   总被引:24,自引:2,他引:22  
李平  周开达 《遗传学报》1996,23(5):357-362
以籼稻恢复系圭630与粳型广亲和品种02428的F1代花药培养,获得81个双单倍体(DH),构建了有233个RFLP标记的分子图谱。用籼稻野败型不育系珍汕97A测定各DH系的恢复性,并将恢复性作为数量性状进行QTL的区间作图分析,鉴别出8个基因座位,其中有2个基因座位,Rfi-3和尾Rfi-4,单个QTL的基因贡献值分别是49.6%和35.4%,对育性恢复起主要作用,定为主效基因座位,位于第三和四染色体上,其它6个基因座位对育性恢复亦有一定的影响。表明野败型雄性不育恢复性是受主效基因和微效基因共同控制的性状。  相似文献   

4.
水稻株高和抽穗期基因的定位和分离   总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26  
利用241个重组自交系构成的群体,对水稻(Oryza sativaL.)株高和抽穗期进行基因定位,三年共定位到4个抽穗期的数量性状基因(QTLs)和4个株高OTLs,其中位于第7染色体C1023-R1440区间的QTL3年均可检测到,且效应大,同时影响株高和抽穗期。为了区分这个区间的QTL是一因多效还是紧密连锁的两个QTLs,从自交系群体里选取QTL区间来自明恢63,其他遗传背景与珍汕97高度相似的自交系RⅡ50,与珍汕97回交,获得含有363个单株的近等基因系BC1F2群体。考察株高和抽穗期。两个性状在群体里表现为双峰分布,它们的分离比符合期望的单基因盂德尔遗传分离比,BC1E2群体单株的株高和抽穗期基本表现为矮秆早抽穗,高秆迟抽穗,但是,6个单株表现相反的情况,以上结果证明,QTL能够作为盂德尔因子进行研究,在BC1F2群体里,株高和抽穗期是由单个基因控制的,第7染色体上是两个紧密连锁的基因分别控制株高和抽穗期。  相似文献   

5.
水稻株高构成因素的QTL剖析   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
利用水稻籼粳杂交 (圭 6 30× 0 2 42 8) F1 的花药离体培养建立的一个含 81个 DH家系的作图群体 ,对水稻株高构成因素 (穗长、第 1节间长、……、第 5节间长 )进行基因定位。DH群体中株高构成因素均呈正态分布。相邻的构成因素间呈极显著的正相关 ,而相距较远的构成因素间的相关较弱或不显著。采用 QTL(Quantitative trait lo-cus)分析 ,定位了影响株高构成因素的 6个 QTL:qtl7同时影响穗长和第 1、2、3节间长 ,qtl1 和 qtl2 同时影响第 4和第 5节间长 ,qtl1 0 a和 qtl1 0 b仅影响第 1节间长 ,qtl3 仅影响第 3节间长。采用 QTL 互作分析 ,检测到 19对显著的互作 ,每个构成因素受 2个或 2个以上的 QTL 互作对的影响。并且还发现 ,同一个 QTL 互作对可能影响不同的性状 ,以及一个 QTL 可以分别与不同的 QTL 产生互作而影响同一个性状或影响不同的性状 ,但总的看来 ,加性效应是主要的。这些结果揭示了株高构成因素间相关的遗传基础 ,在水稻育种中运用这些 QTL 将有助于对株高 ,以及对穗长和上部节间长度进行精细的遗传调控。  相似文献   

6.
几个水稻品种抽穗期主效基因与微效基因的定位研究   总被引:18,自引:1,他引:17  
林鸿宣  钱惠荣 《遗传学报》1996,23(3):205-213
在构建2张RFLP图谱的基础上,定位分析了控制水稻抽穗期的主效基因和微效基因。在特三矮2号/C.B.群体中定位到2个主效基因和2个微效基因。该2个主基因分别位于第3、8染色体上,累加贡献率约达50%,加性效应值分别为7天和6天,而分别位于第1、12染色体的2个微效基因的贡献率仅分别为8.3%和9.6%,加性效应值仅为3天和4天。在外引2号/C.B.群体中定位了2个连锁于第6染色体的主效基因和1个位于第8染色体的微效基因,该2个主效基因的贡献率分别为35.5%和27.4%,来自外引2号的该2个基因其效应均为明显推迟抽穗,因而可推测它们为感光性基因,微效基因的贡献率仅为8.9%,基因效应值较小。  相似文献   

7.
水稻分蘖角度的QTLs分析   总被引:19,自引:5,他引:14  
分蘖角是水稻株型构成的重要性状之一,在育种上人有极其重要的意义,利用分蘖角度差异显著的1对籼粳亲本,将其杂交F1代花培加倍,构建了1个DH群体,考察了115个DH株系的分蘖角度,并使用该群体构建的分子图谱进行数量性状座痊(QTLs)分析。分别在第9和12个染色体上检测3个QTLs(qTA-9a、qTA-9b和qTA-12),贡献率分别为22.7%、11.9%和20.9%,其加性效应均为负,表明由分蘖角度较大的窄占青8号的基因控制,并讨论了这种由主产和微效基因控制的分蘖性状在育种学上的应用。  相似文献   

8.
应用RAPD标记检测与水稻株高和抽穗期有关的QTLs   总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26  
以生产上广泛应用的杂交稻组合汕优10号的保持系珍汕97B和恢复系密阳46构建F2群体。应用RAPD标记检测,分析了与株高和抽穗期有关的QTLs,并探讨了基因的互作方式。在F2群体中性状表型分离明显,基本符合正态分布。单因子方差分析检测到与抽穗期和株高相关的标记数9个,并计算了单个QTL对相关性状的贡献率。双因子方差分析发现上述检测到的QTLs之间大多不存在互作,但发现了一些有显著互作的新的QTLs,其互作贡献率远大于单因子方差分析检测到的QTLs,说明该群体中株高和抽穗期主要由不同座位间的互作控制,进一步的分析表明互作方式以重叠基因为主。  相似文献   

9.
王建康  益钧镒 《遗传学报》1997,24(5):432-440
大量实验数据和QTL作图结果表明:控制数量性状的基因中既有遗传效应较大的主基因,又有遗传效应较小的多基因,其分离世代表现出多峰性,即出现多个分布混合的特征。本文利用混合模型理论的AIC信息准则在F2世代中鉴定影响数量性状的主基因的存在,当主基因存在时通过分离分析估计主基因的遗传效庆以及主基因的遗传变异占总变异的分量;同时还提出利用P1、P2、F1和F24个世代鉴定多基因存在的方法。以大豆开花期性状  相似文献   

10.
抽穗期是水稻(Oryza sativa)品种的重要农艺性状之一,适宜的抽穗期是获得理想产量的前提。鉴定和定位水稻抽穗期基因/QTL,分析其遗传效应对改良水稻抽穗期至关重要。以籼稻品种9311(Oryzasativa ssp.indica‘Yangdao 6’)为受体,粳稻品种日本晴(Oryza sativa ssp.japonica‘Nipponbare’)为供体构建的94个染色体片段置换系群体为材料,以P≤0.01为阈值,对置换片段上的抽穗期QTL进行了鉴定。采用代换作图法共定位了4个控制水稻抽穗期的QTL,分别位于第3、第4、第5和第8染色体;QTL的加性效应值变化范围为–6.4––2.7,加性效应百分率变化范围为–6.4%––2.7%;qHD-3和qHD-8加性效应值较大,表现主效基因特征。为了进一步定位qHD-3和qHD-8,在目标区域加密16对SSR引物,qHD-3和qHD-8分别被界定在第3染色体RM3166–RM16206之间及第8染色体RM4085–RM8271之间,其遗传距离分别为13.9cM和6.4cM。研究结果为利用分子标记辅助选择改良水稻抽穗期奠定了基础。  相似文献   

11.
Appropriate heading date and plant height are prerequisites for attaining the desired yield level in rice breeding programs. In this study, we analyzed the genetic bases of heading date and plant height at both single- locus and two-locus levels, using a population of 240 F2:3 families derived from a cross between two elite rice lines. Measurements for the traits were obtained over 2 years in replicated field trials. A linkage map was constructed with 151 polymorphic marker loci, based on which interval mapping was performed using Mapmaker/QTL. The analyses detected six QTLs for plant height and six QTLs for heading date; collectively the QTLs for heading date accounted for a much greater amount of phenotypic variation than did the QTLs for plant height. Two-way analyses of variance, with all possible two-locus combinations, detected large numbers (from 101 to 257) of significant digenic interactions in the 2 years for both traits involving markers distributed in the entire genome; 22 and 39 were simultaneously detected in both years for plant height and heading date, respectively. Each of the interactions individually accounted for only a very small portion of the phenotypic variation. The majority of the significant interactions involved marker loci that did not detect significant effects by single-locus analyses, and many of the QTLs detected by single-locus analyses were involved in epistatic interactions. The results clearly demonstrated the importance of epistatic interactions in the genetic bases of heading date and plant height. Received: 5 May 2001 / Accepted: 3 August 2001  相似文献   

12.
Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is one of the three major diseases of rice. The present study was conducted with an F2 clonal population of Jasmine 85/Lemont. The F2 population, including 128 clonal families, was inoculated by short toothpicks incubated with a strain, RH-9 of the fungus. Based on field disease evaluations in 2 years and a genetic map with 118 evenly distributed molecular markers, we identified six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to sheath blight resistance. These QTLs, qSB-2, qSB-3, qSB-7, qSB-9-1, qSB-9-2 and qSB-11, were located on chromosomes 2, 3, 7, 9 and 11, respectively. The respective alleles of qSB-2, qSB-3, qSB-7, and qSB-9-2 from Jasmine 85 could explain 21.2%, 26.5%, 22.2% and 10.1% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively; while the alleles of qSB-9-1 and qSB-11 from Lemont could explain 9.8% and 31.2% of the total phenotypic variation. Of these qSB-2 and qSB-11 could be detected in both years, while remaining loci were detected only in a single year. Furthermore, four QTLs (qHD-2, qHD-3, qHD-5 and qHD-7) controlling heading date and three QTLs (qPH-3, qPH-4 and qPH-11) controlling plant height were also identified. Though rice sheath blight resistance may be influenced by morphological traits, such as heading date and plant height, in the present study most detected resistance loci were not linked to the loci for heading date or plant height. Received: 1 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 January 2000  相似文献   

13.
Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum is the progenitor of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Domestication combined with plant breeding has led to the morphological and agronomic characteristics of modern barley cultivars. The objective of this study was to map the genetic factors that morphologically and agronomically differentiate wild barley from modern barley cultivars. To address this objective, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with plant height, flag leaf width, spike length, spike width, glume length in relation to seed length, awn length, fragility of ear rachis, endosperm width and groove depth, heading date, flag leaf length, number of tillers per plant, and kernel color in a Harrington/OUH602 advanced backcross (BC2F8) population. This population was genotyped with 113 simple sequence repeat markers. Thirty QTLs were identified, of which 16 were newly identified in this study. One to 4 QTLs were identified for each of the traits except glume length, for which no QTL was detected. The portion of phenotypic variation accounted for by individual QTLs ranged from about 9% to 54%. For traits with more than one QTL, the phenotypic variation explained ranged from 25% to 71%. Taken together, our results reveal the genetic architecture of morphological and agronomic traits that differentiate wild from cultivated barley.  相似文献   

14.
Both heading date and plant height are important traits related to grain yield in rice. In this study, a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for both traits under 3 long-day (LD) environments and 1 short-day (SD) environment. A total of eight QTLs for heading date and three QTLs for plant height were detected by composite interval mapping under LD conditions. Additional one QTL for heading date and three QTLs for plant height were identified by Two-QTL model under LD conditions. Among them, major QTLs qHd7.1, qHd7.2 and qHd8 for heading date, and qPh1 and qPh7.1 for plant height were commonly detected. qHd7.1 and qHd7.2 were mapped to small regions of less than 1 cM. Genome position comparison of previously cloned genes with QTLs detected in this study revealed that qHd5 and qPh3.1 were two novel QTLs. The alleles of these QTLs increasing trait values were dispersed in both parents, which well explained the transgressive segregation observed in this population. In addition, the interaction between qHd7.1 and qHd8 was detected under all LD conditions. Multiple-QTL model analysis revealed that all QTLs and their interactions explained over 80% of heading date variation and 50% of plant height variation. Two heading date QTLs were detected under SD condition. Of them, qHd10 were commonly identified under LD condition. The difference in QTL detection between LD and SD conditions indicated most heading date QTLs are sensitive to photoperiod. These findings will benefit breeding design for heading date and plant height in rice.  相似文献   

15.
Simultaneous heading of plants within the same rice variety, also refer to heading synchrony, is an important factor that affects simultaneous ripening of the variety. Understanding of the genetic basis of heading synchrony may contribute to molecular breeding of rice with simultaneous heading and ripening. In the present study, a doubled haploid (DH) population, derived from a cross between Chunjiang 06 and TN1 was used to analyze quantitative trait locus (QTL) for heading synchrony related traits, i.e., early heading date (EHD), late heading date (LHD), heading asynchrony (HAS), and tiller number (PN). A total of 19 QTLs for four traits distributed on nine chromosomes were detected in two environments. One QTL, qHAS-8 for HAS, explained 27.7% of the phenotypic variation, co-located with the QTLs for EHD and LHD, but it was only significant under long-day conditions in Hangzhou, China. The other three QTLs, qHAS-6, qHAS-9, and qHAS-10, were identified under short-day conditions in Hainan, China, each of which explained about 11% of the phenotypic variation. Two of them, qHAS-6 and qHAS-9, were co-located with the QTLs for EHD and LHD. Two QTLs, qPN-4 and qPN-5 for PN, were detected in Hangzhou, and qPN-5 was also detected in Hainan. However, none of them was co-located with QTLs for EHD, LHD, and HAS, suggesting that PN and HAS were controlled by different genetic factors. The results of this study can be useful in marker assisted breeding for improvement of heading synchrony.  相似文献   

16.
Wu B  Han ZM  Li ZX  Xing YZ 《遗传》2012,34(2):215-222
普通野生稻(Oryza Rufipogon)是重要的遗传资源,发掘其优良等位基因将对水稻遗传改良产生重要影响。文章从以珍汕97为轮回亲本,普通野生稻为供体的BC2F1群体中选择一个与珍汕97表型明显不同的单株BC2F1-15,经过连续自交获得回交重组自交系BC2F5群体。均匀分布于12条染色体的126个多态性SSR(Simplesequence repeats)标记基因型分析,发现BC2F1-15单株在30%的标记位点为杂合基因型;利用该群体共检测到4个抽穗期、3个株高、4个每穗颖花数、2个千粒重和1个单株产量QTL。在第7染色体RM481-RM2区间,检测到抽穗期、每穗颖花数和产量QTL,野生稻等位基因表现增效作用;其他3个每穗颖花数QTL位点,野生稻等位基因也均具有增效作用。结果表明野生稻携带有增产相关的等位基因,这些有利等位基因无疑是水稻遗传改良可资利用的新资源。  相似文献   

17.
A molecular genetic map with 233 RFLP markers which covered about 2070 cM of rice genome was constructed based on a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from anther culture of a cross between an indica variety Gui630 and a japonica variety 02428. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for agronomic characters such as number of panides, heading date, plant height, number of spikelets, number of grains, fertility and 1 000-grain weight were analyzed using interval mapping approach. 8 major genes and 29 minor genes were identified associating with these traits. The results also indicated that great phenotypic difference between parents was profitable in detection of major genes.  相似文献   

18.
To understand the types of gene action controlling seven quantitative traits in rice, QTL mapping was performed to dissect the main effect (M-QTLs) and digenic epistatic (E-QTLs) QTLs responsible for the trait performance of 254 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of "Lemont/Teqing", and two testcross (TC) F(1) populations derived from these RILs. The correlation analyses reveal a general pattern, i.e. trait heritability in the RILs was negatively correlated to trait heterosis in the TC hybrids. A large number of M-QTLs and E-QTLs affecting seven traits, including heading date (HD), plant height (PH), flag leaf length (FLL), flag leaf width (FLW), panicle length (PL), spikelet number per panicle (SN) and spikelet fertility (SF), were identified and could be classified into two predominant groups, additive QTLs detected primarily in the RILs, and overdominant QTLs identified exclusively in the TC populations. There is little overlap between QTLs identified in the RILs and in the TC populations. This result implied that additive gene action is largely independent from non-additive gene action in the genetic control of quantitative traits of rice. The detected E-QTLs collectively explained a much greater portion of the total phenotypic variation than the M-QTLs, supporting prior findings that epistasis has played an important role in the genetic control of quantitative traits in rice. The implications of these results to the development of inbred and hybrid cultivars were discussed.  相似文献   

19.
The thousand-grain weight and spikelets per panicle directly contribute to rice yield. Heading date and plant height also greatly influence the yield. Dissection of genetic bases of yield-related traits would provide tools for yield improvement. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for spikelets per panicle, thousand-grain weight, heading date and plant height was performed using recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between two diverse cultivars, Nanyangzhan and Chuan7. In total, 20 QTLs were identified for four traits. They were located to 11 chromosomes except on chromosome 4. Seven and five QTLs were detected for thousand-grain weight and spikelets per panicle, respectively. Four QTLs were identified for both heading date and plant height. About half the QTLs were commonly detected in both years, 2006 and 2007. Six QTLs are being reported for the first time. Two QTL clusters were identified in regions flanked by RM22065 and RM5720 on chromosome 7 and by RM502 and RM264 on chromosome 8, respectively. The parent, Nanyangzhan with heavy thousand-grain weight, carried alleles with increased effects on all seven thousand-grain weight QTL, which explained why there was no transgressive segregation for thousand-grain weight in the population. In contrast, Chuan7 with more spikelets per panicle carried positive alleles at all five spikelets per panicle QTL except qspp5. Further work on distinction between pleiotropic QTL and linked QTL is needed in two yield-related QTL clusters.  相似文献   

20.
水稻籼粳杂种生殖障碍的基因定位分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
籼稻(Oryza sativa L.ssp.indica)与粳稻(O.sativa ssp.japonica)杂交优势明显但存在生殖隔离。生殖障碍主要表现为胚囊败育、花粉败育、开花时花药不开裂和雌雄异熟。应用具有137个标记位点的籼、粳杂交(“窄叶青8号”/“京系17”)F_1花药培养获得的127个双单倍体(DH)群体构建的RFLP图谱,对控制籼、粳杂种小穗败育的基因座位进行了定位研究。结果在第1、3、4、5、6、7、8、12染色体上检测到10个基因座位,其中第3、12染色体上的2个不育基因位点stj-3和stj-12与同一杂交组合F_2分离群体中发现的异常分离热点处于相同的染色体区段。Ssj-6的基因加性效应为负值,有增加籼、粳亲和性的作用;其余的不育基因座位皆有增加籼、粳杂种不育性的作用。  相似文献   

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