大豆重复序列的克隆,特性分析及在染色体上的定位

从大豆栽培品种Ｕｎｉｏｎ（Ｇ．ｍａｘ）基因组ｐＵＣ１８质粒文库中,以基因组ＤＮＡ为探针,筛选出一个重复序列家族。序列分析表明,此重复序列的重复单位为９１ｂｐ,拷贝数约为１０￣５,其序列约占基因组ＤＮＡ的０．９％。基因组ＤＮＡ不同限制酶片段Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析和染色体原位杂交分析表明此重复序列主要以串联方式集中分布在Ｍ２和Ｍ１１号染色体的臂上,而另外一些则散布于整个Ｍ１２和Ｓｍ７号染色体上。以该序列为探针片大豆属不同亚属１３个种的１８个品系的Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明,此重复序列为Ｓｏｊａ亚属所特有。这一Ｓｏｉａ亚属特异重复序列的发现,从另一个角度支持应把Ｓｏｊａ亚属的３个种Ｇ．ｓｏｊａ、Ｇ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｌｉｓ、Ｇ．ｍａｘ划分为一个种的观点。     

野生大豆与栽培大豆rDNA ITS1区的研究

采用ＰＣＲ 技术从野生大豆（Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ ｓｏｊａ）、半野生大豆（Ｇ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｌｉｓ）、多年生野生大豆（Ｇ．ｔｏｍｅｎｔｅｌｌａ、Ｇ．ｔａｂａｃｉｎａ）和栽培大豆（Ｇ．ｍ ａｘ）的两个品种ＵＮＩＯＮ、文丰７ 中扩增和克隆了ｒＤＮＡ第一转录间隔区（ＩＴＳ１）。其在Ｇ．ｍ ａｘ 基因组中的拷贝数约为２×１０３。序列分析表明Ｇ．ｓｏｊａ、Ｇ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｌｉｓ、Ｇ．ｍ ａｘ 中的Ｇ／Ｃ含量为６１．４０％ ,而Ｇ．ｔａｂａｃｉｎａ和Ｇ．ｔｏｍ ｅｎｔｅｌｌａ的Ｇ／Ｃ含量分别为５８．１１％ 和５９．０１％ ,与绿豆Ｇ／Ｃ含量（５９．８１％ ）相近。Ｇ．ｔａｂａｃｉｎａ的Ｇ／Ｃ含量是已知的植物中ＩＴＳ１ 最低的。最大同源性分析表明,大豆属植物ＩＴＳ１ 的同源程度很高,同其近缘属绿豆的同源性明显高于其它作物。同时分析了栽培、多年生和一年生野生大豆间的亲缘关系。另外还发现在已知的植物ＩＴＳ１ 序列中均含有ＧＡＣＣＣＧＣＧＡＡ 及ＧＣＧＣＣＡＡＧＧＡＡ 两个区段     

山羊草属五个基本基因组系统发育的RAPD分析

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术,从ＯＰＥ、ＯＰＦ、ＯＰＧ、ＯＰＵ、ＯＰＸ、ＯＰＹ和ＯＰＺ共７组随机引物中筛选出２８个能产生基因组特异带的稳定引物,对山羊草属（ＡｅｇｉｌｏｐｓＬ．）的５个基本基因组及普通小麦“中国春”的ＤＮＡ进行随机扩增,根据扩增的４８８条ＤＮＡ片段绘制出系统发育图。普通小麦ＡＢＤ基因组与Ｓ基因组亲缘关系最近,Ｃ与Ｕ基因组具有比较近的亲缘关系,Ｄ基因组与其它基因组的亲缘关系比较远     

中国伞滑刃线虫属─新纪录（真滑刃目：寄生滑刃科）

中国伞滑刃线虫属─新纪录（真滑刃目：寄生滑刃科）ＴＨＥＮＥＷＲＥＣＯＲＤＯＦＢＵＲＳＡＰＨＥＬＥＮＣＨＵＳＦＲＯＭＣＨＩＮＡ（ＡＰＨＥＬＥＮＣＨＩＤＡ：ＰＡＲＡＳＩＴＡＰＨＥＬＥＮＣＨＩＤＡＥ）￥ＹＩＮＧａｎ－ｌｉｕ;ＦＡＮＧＹｕ－ｓｈｅｎｇ（Ｄｅｐ...     

生物技术生产生物可降解塑料PHB的前景

生物技术生产生物可降解塑料ＰＨＢ的前景谢安勇,宋艳茹（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００４４）ＰＲＯＳＰＥＣＴＯＦＰＲＯＣＵＣＩＮＧＰＨＢ,ＡＢＩＯＤＥＧＲＡＤＡＢＬＥＰＬＡＳＴＩＣＢＹＵＳＩＮＧＢＩＯＴＢＣＨＮＯＬＯＧＹ￥ＸｉｅＡｎ－ｙｏｎｇ;Ｓｏ...     

吸血蠓群落的地理分布

吸血蠓群落的地理分布ＧＥＯＧＲＡＰＨＩＣＡＬＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＢＬＯＯＤ－ＳＵＣＫＩＮＧＭＩＤＧＥＣＯＭＭＵＮＩＴＩＥＳ关键词吸血蠓群落,聚类分析,地理分布ＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓＢｌｏｏｄ－ｓｕｃｋｉｎｇｍｉｄｇｅｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ,Ｃｌｕｓ...     

贵州冷蕨属一新种

贵州冷蕨属一新种王筱英王培善（贵州科学院,贵阳５５０００１）ＡＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＣＹＳＴＯＰＴＥＲＩＳ（ＡＴＨＹＲＩＡＣＥＡＥ）ＦＲＯＭＧＵＩＺＨＯＵＷａｎｇＸｉａｏｙｉｎｇ,ＷａｎｇＰｅｉｓｈａｎ（ＧｕｉｚｈｏｕＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃ...     

中国疫苗株鸡痘病毒插入载体的构建与MDV糖蛋白B的表达

在对中国鸡痘病毒疫苗株２８２Ｅ４基因组ＤＮＡ进行克隆与亚克隆的基础上,进一步插入Ｐ１１－ＬａｃＺ标记基因,根据蓝斑选择原理筛选出３个病毒在细胞培养物上生长所不必需的片段,为了便于外源基因的插入,特将Ｐ７．５－Ｐ１１－ＬａｃＺ基因框转移至ＢＬＵＥＳＣＲＩＰＴＳＫＭ１３－的Ａｐａｌ将ＭＣＳ－Ｐ７．５－Ｐ１１－ＬａｃＺ框切下,置入一个亚克隆的非必需片段中,构建成中国鸡痘病毒插入载体ｐＦＧ１１７５－１,以     

球形幽门螺杆菌分子生物学研究

为研究幽门螺杆菌（ＨＰ）球形变异本质,作者通过延期培养和采用亚抑菌浓度抗生素,使３株ＨＰ发生球形变异,对弯曲形和球形ＨＰ作了ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ、免疫印迹及４个毒力基因片段ＰＣＲ和ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ分析。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ图谱显示球形ＨＰ分子量在７４×１０４以上的蛋白含量减少,免疫印迹显示球形ＨＰ１２５×１０４蛋白条带反应减弱,而抗生素诱变的球形ＨＰ分子量为１１×１０４和６３×１０４的蛋白条带反应增强。ＰＣＲ及ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ结果表明球形ＨＰ的ｈｐａＡ,ＶａｃＡ,ＣａｇＡ和ＵｒｅＡ４个毒力基因片段未发生缺失,但在ｈｐａＡ或ＶａｃＡ基因中存在点突变     

酵母转录因子PHO81基因的上游序列功能分析

利用ＰＨＯ８１ｌａｃＺ融合基因,对它的上游进行缺失分析,发现有两个区域对ＰＨＯ８１基因的表达是必需的：－４０１～－２８９ｂｐ和－１０１２～－８０１ｂｐ。比较ＰＨＯ８１和ＰＨＯ５,ＰＨＯ８４基因上游,未发现有较高同源性的序列存在,但在－４０１～－２８９ｂｐ区域有ＰＨＯ４蛋白结合位点的核心序列５′ＣＡＣＧＴＧ／Ｔ３′,以及ＣＡＣＧＴＧ／Ｔ两侧富含Ａ／Ｔ的序列（可能是ＰＨＯ２结合位点）。推测－４０１～－２８９ｂｐ包含了ＰＨＯ８１的上游激活序列（ＵＡＳ）,－１０１２～－８０１ｂｐ可能起增强的作用。用酵母总蛋白质对－１０１２～－８０１ｂｐ进行凝胶阻抑电泳分析,证明有未知的蛋白因子结合在这个区域。     

Phytogeny of 12 species of genus Glycine Willd. reconstructed with internal transcribed region in nuclear ribosomal DNA

The ITS-Is of 24 accessions belong to 10 species of subgenus Glycine, and 2 species of subgenus Soja of genus Glycine were amplified, cloned and sequenced. According to the homology of the sequences, the phy-logeny of the 24 accessions were reconstructed. The reconstructed dendrogram showed that there were some divergent genomic types found in the previously classified species, such as G . tomentella, G. canescens and G. tabacina, and they might be some cryptic species by morphologic analysis.     

Investigation of genetically modified soybean biosafety in the center of the origin and diversity of Russian Far East

Wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.) is the nearest relative of a soybean crop (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Study of population genetic structure of wild-growing relatives ofgenetically modified (GM) plants in the centers of their origin is one of the main procedures before introduction of GM crops in these areas. We have studied genetic variability of nine wild growing soya populations of Primorye Territory using RAPD analysis. The level of G. soja genetic variability was considerably higher than that of G. max. We have analyzed phylogenetic relationships in the genus Glycine subgenus Soja using RAPD markers. Our data confirm validity of allocation G. gracilis in a rank of a species.     

Fine-scale phylogenetic structure and major events in the history of the current wild soybean (Glycine soja) and taxonomic assignment of semi-wild type (Glycine gracilis Skvortz.) within the Chinese subgenus Soja

Wild and cultivated species of soybeans have coexisted for 5000 years in China. Despite this long history, there is very little information on the genetic relationship of Glycine soja and G. max. To gain insight into the major events in the history of the subgenus Soja, we examined 20 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers of a large number of accessions (910). The results showed no significant differences between wild and semi-wild soybeans in genetic diversity but significant differences between G. soja and G. max. Ancestry and cluster analyses revealed that semi-wild soybeans should belong to the wild category and not to G. max. Our results also showed that differentiation had occurred not only among G. soja, G. gracilis, and G. max but also within G. soja and within G. gracilis. Glycine soja had 3 clear genetic categories: typical small-seeded (≤2.0 g 100-seed weight), dual-origin middle-seeded (2.0-2.5 g), and large-seeded plants (2.51-3.0 g). These last were genetically close to G. gracilis, their defining some traits having been acquired mainly by introgression from soybeans. Small-seeded G. gracilis (3.01-3.5 g) were genetically different from larger seeded ones (from 3.51 to 4.0 to over 10 g). Seed size predominated over seed coat color in evolutionary degree. Typical and large-seeded G. soja were found to have 0.7% and 12% introgressive cultivar genes, respectively. The genetic boundary of G. gracilis was at the range of 2.51-3.0 g of G. soja. In the great majority of wild accessions, traits such as white flowers, gray pubescences, no-seed bloom, and colored seed coats were likely introgressive from domesticated soybeans.     

Incongruence in the diploid B-genome species complex of Glycine (Leguminosae) revisited: histone H3-D alleles versus chloroplast haplotypes.

Variation at the single-copy nuclear locus histone H3-D was surveyed in the diploid B-genome group of Glycine subgenus Glycine (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae), which comprises three named Australian species and a number of distinct but as yet not formally recognized taxa. A total of 23 alleles was identified in the 44 accessions surveyed. Only one individual was clearly heterozygous, which is not surprising given the largely autogamous breeding system of subgenus Glycine. Alleles differed by as many as 19 nucleotide substitutions, nearly all in the three introns; length variation was minimal. Phylogenetic analysis identified two shortest allele trees with very little homoplasy, suggesting that recombination has been rare. Both topological and data set incongruence were statistically significant between histone H3-D allele trees and trees inferred from chloroplast DNA haplotypes previously described from these same accessions. Whereas the distribution of H3-D alleles agrees well with morphologically based taxonomic groupings, chloroplast DNA haplotype polymorphisms transgress species boundaries, suggesting that the chloroplast genome is not tracking taxic relationships. Divergences among chloroplast DNA haplotypes involved in such transgressive patterns appear to be more recent than speciation events, suggesting hybridization rather than lineage sorting.     

用SSR分子标记研究大豆属种间亲缘进化关系

利用SSR标记技术对大豆属11个种37份材料的遗传多样性进行分析,不同位点在种间的等位基因数为6－29,平均生个位点15．9个等位基因,Soja亚属的等位基因数是Glycine亚属的71．5％,并且Glycine亚属种间指纹 谱的差异大于Soja亚属种间的指纹图谱,SSR等位基因的主成分分析结果表明,大豆属中的Glycine亚属和Soja亚属的分类界限是比较明确的,利用第一主成分和第二主成分可较明显地区分开Glycine 亚属的分类界限是比较明显的,利用第一主成分和第二主成分可较明显地区分开Glycine亚属和Soja亚属,通过UPGMA方法构建了大豆属11个种的遗传进化关系,Soja亚属中G.max,G.soja和G.gracilis3个种在系统分化树上界限是比较明显的,由此看来这3个种是独立存在的。     

Restriction fragment length polymorphism diversity in soybean

Summary Fifty-eight soybean accessions from the genus Glycine, subgenus Soja, were surveyed with 17 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) genetic markers to assess the level of molecular diversity and to evaluate the usefulness of previously identified RFLP markers. In general, only low levels of molecular diversity were observed: 2 of the 17 markers exhibited three alleles per locus, whereas all others had only two alleles. Thirty-five percent of the markers had rare alleles present in only 1 or 2 of the 58 accessions. Molecular diversity was least among cultivated soybeans and greatest between accessions of different soybean species such as Glycine max (L.) Merr. and G. soja Sieb. and Zucc. Principal component analysis was useful in reducing the multidimensional genotype data set and identifying genetic relationships.     

Sequence variation of non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA of soybean and related wild species and its implications for the evolution of different chloroplast haplotypes

Soybean chloroplast DNAs (cpDNAs) are classified into three types (I, II and III) based on RFLP profiles. Type I is mainly observed in cultivated soybean (Glycine max), while type II and type III are frequently found in both cultivated and wild soybean (Glycine soja), although type III is predominant in wild soybean. In order to evaluate the diversity of cpDNA and to determine the phylogenetic relationship among different chloroplast types, we sequenced nine non-coding regions of cpDNA for seven cultivated and 12 wild soybean accessions with different cpDNA types. Eleven single-base substitutions and a deletion of five bases were detected in a total of 3849 bases identified. Five mutations distinguished the accessions with types I and II from those with type III, and seven were found in the accessions with type III, independently of their taxa. Four species of the subgenus Glycine shared bases that were identical to those with types I and II at two of the five mutation sites and shared bases that were identical to those with type III at the remaining three sites. Therefore, the different cpDNA types may not have originated monophyletically, but rather may have differentiated from a common ancestor in different evolutionary directions. A neighbor-joining tree resulting from the sequence data revealed that the subgenus Soja connected with Glycine microphylla which formed a distinct clade from Clycine clandestina and the tetraploid cytotypes of Glycine tabacina and Glycine tomentella. Several informative length mutations of 54 to 202 bases, due to insertions or deletions, were also detected among the species of the genus Glycine. Received: 16 December 1999 / Accepted: 12 February 2000     

Genomic diversity in aneudiploid (2n = 38) and diploid (2n = 40) Glycine tomentella revealed by cytogenetic and biochemical methods.

Of the 15 perennial species of the subgenus Glycine Willd., G. tomentella Hayata is unique in that it has four cytotypes (2n = 38, 40, 78, and 80) and a wide range of geographical distributions. The objective of this study was to uncover the genomic diversity among accessions of aneudiploid (2n = 38) and diploid (2n = 40) G. tomentella based on crossability rate, hybrid seed and seedling viability, meiotic chromosome pairing of F1 hybrids, and seed protein and protease inhibitor profiles. Aneudiploid and diploid G. tomentella accessions were divided into two (D1 and D2) and three [D3(A,B,C), D4, and D5] groups, respectively, based on previous isozyme studies. Crossability rate, intergenomic hybrid viability, degree of chromosome pairing, total seed protein profiles, and trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor banding patterns confirmed the isozyme grouping with minor disagreements. A consistent variation was not observed among the aneudiploid accessions in any method of analysis used in this study. Similarly, cytogenetic analysis and the total seed protein profiles did not show dissimilarity among the accessions from Papua New Guinea (PNG; the D3 group) and north of Mitchell River in Northern Queensland [N.Qld(n)]. However, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor analysis revealed that the PNG accessions were distinctly different from N.Qld(n) accessions. The D4 and D5 group accessions were clearly distinguishable by both cytogenetic and biochemical methods. Thus, this study indicates the presence of four genomic groups among G. tomentella (2n = 38, 40) accessions, including the aneudiploids D1 and D2 in one group and diploids in three groups (D3, D4, and D5). These findings will be useful in further genome analysis and add to our present understanding of the biosystematics of the genus Glycine.     

Genomic fingerprints in the tribe Triticeae produced by PCR using a tRNA consensus primer

Forty-one accessions belonging to ten genera of the tribe Triticeae representing both wild and cultivated species were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of two consensus tRNA primers tested, one primer revealed characteristic amplification products for all of the species. A total of 35 tRNA markers were scored across all accessions. Five genus-specific and three species-specific markers were obtained. Genomic fingerprints were largely conserved within a genus. The phylogram obtained using parsimony has separated most of the accessions into their prevailing taxonomic species and genus groups. The phylogram showed close association among the three genera Secale, Triticum and Hordeum as expected. The Triticum-Secale relationship was closer than the Triticum-Hordeum or the Secale-Hordeum relationships. The tree also reflected the close associations among the forage grass species belonging to Leymus and Elymus. Thus tDNA-PCR helped to identify species and genera. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.