土著重金属抗性细菌强化对尾矿重金属的活化作用

重金属抗性细菌可通过多种机制影响重金属在环境中的可移动性。以梅坑尾矿为研究对象调查了土著重金属抗性细菌强化对重金属化学形态的影响。该尾矿富含Pb(3947.285 mg/kg)和Zn(6202.939 mg/kg),Pb、Zn和Cd主要集中于铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态,但Cu却主要集中于有机结合态和残渣态。经3周连续强化和7周淹水培养后,尾矿中铁锰氧化物结合态金属总体下降,但可交换态、碳酸盐结合态和有机结合态金属上升,说明土著重金属抗性细菌对尾矿重金属有明显的活化作用。其中Bacillus Z7的活化效果最显著,通过该菌强化,尾矿中的铁锰氧化物结合态Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn分别下降了35.42%(2.991 mg/kg)、33.29%(981.867 mg/kg)、30.57%(1.761mg/kg)和29.29%(803.165 mg/kg)。因此,这些细菌,尤其是Bacillus Z7,可以和超级累植物一起用于尾矿的萃取修复。     

5种栎树幼苗对铅锌尾矿砂的耐性与植被恢复前景

通过盆栽试验,评价栎属植物在铅锌尾矿中的生长响应及植被恢复前景.分析比较了覆瓦栎、猩红栎、樱皮栎、舒玛栎和白栎5种栎树幼苗在铅锌矿砂中生长30个月后的生物量、根系形态及其对营养元素和重金属的吸收及转移特征.结果表明: 5种栎树在矿砂中均能生长,其中,猩红栎和白栎的生物量较对照有下降趋势,其他3种栎树的生长与对照相比无显著差异;栎树根系生物量均较对照有不同程度增加(猩红栎除外),且仅猩红栎侧根形态学参数较对照有所减少.重金属胁迫下,栎树根系和茎中营养元素浓度较对照无显著变化.5种栎树体内重金属浓度均较低,且其生物富集系数和转移系数均小于1.但樱皮栎叶片和茎中Cd浓度分别为22.4和15.1 mg·kg^-1,转移系数为2.3,显著高于其他4种栎树.除猩红栎以外,其他参试栎树均可作为有潜力的污染土壤修复树种.其中舒玛栎的耐性较高、生物富集系数和转移系数较低,是适合在尾矿区造林和生态修复的优选树种.     

添加铜尾矿矿砂的栽培基质对黄花苜蓿幼苗生长及部分生理指标的影响

采用盆栽法对种植于添加铜尾矿矿砂(体积分数0%、25%、50%、75%和100%)栽培基质中的黄花苜蓿(Medicago falcata Linn.)幼苗的生长及部分生理指标的变化进行了分析。结果表明:随栽培基质中铜尾矿矿砂体积分数的提高,黄花苜蓿的株高、根长、地上和地下部分干质量以及耐性指数均呈逐渐下降的趋势且总体上低于对照,但仅在铜尾矿矿砂体积分数较高(75%和100%)的条件下株高和地上部分干质量与对照差异显著(P<0.05);地上和地下部分的CAT活性和叶片光合色素(包括叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素)含量均逐渐下降且总体上低于对照,而地上和地下部分的POD活性、GSH含量和O-·2含量则总体上呈逐渐增加的趋势且高于对照。在铜尾矿矿砂体积分数25%~75%的条件下,地上和地下部分的SOD活性逐渐增加且显著高于对照;而在铜尾矿矿砂体积分数100%的条件下,地上部分的SOD活性显著低于对照,而地下部分的SOD活性则略降低但显著高于对照。各处理组幼苗地上和地下部分的MDA含量均不低于对照;而各处理组AsA含量变化则呈波动趋势。综合分析结果表明:黄花苜蓿对铜尾矿矿砂具有一定的适应性,可用于铜尾矿矿砂的绿化固着以及铜污染环境的植物修复。     

粤东铅锌尾矿三种优势植物对重金属的吸收和富集特性研究

为探讨铅锌矿废弃地优势植物在重金属污染土壤植物修复中的应用潜力,利用野外采样分析法,从粤东梅县丙村铅锌尾矿区采集其三种优势植物类芦、黄荆、盐肤木的根、茎、叶和土壤样品,测定和分析Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd四种重金属含量.结果表明:该矿区土壤污染严重,Pb、Zn、Cd含量远超土壤环境质量的三级标准,Cu超出二级标准;根际土壤和非根际土壤重金属含量均为Pb＞Zn＞Cu＞Cd,但根际土壤的重金属含量显著低于非根际土壤;这三种植物对Pb、Zn、Cu的转移系数大于1.0,对Cu的富集系数最高,Pb最小,但对四种重金属的富集系数均小于1.0,均未达到超富集植物临界含量标准.三种植物为该矿区的优势植物,说明它们对土壤的重金属污染有很强的耐性,虽然并非典型的超富集植物,但对污染土壤仍有较好的修复效果.     

营养杯对长喙田菁在铅锌尾矿上的生长、固氮和重金属积累的影响

设置移栽时营养杯的有无及其大小作试验,研究长喙田菁在乐昌铅锌矿强酸化尾矿上的生长、固氮和积累重金属情况。结果表明,强酸性(pH<3)是限制植物定植的主要因素,在pH=5-7情况下,长喙田菁能在该尾矿库中定植、生长和固氮,表现出良好的适应性。未带营养杯移栽的长喙田菁在尾矿上生长84d,其株高117cm、茎基部直径1.35cm、单株生物量(干物质)20.2g、单位面积生物量(干物质)2828kghm-2、氮素积累量40kghm-2;带营养杯移栽的上述各指标分别达到140-144cm、1.59-1.68cm、36.6-38.8g、5124-5432kghm-2和77-107kghm-2,均显著高于未带营养杯处理的。长喙田菁根部铅、锌、铜、镉含量均最高,其次为茎,叶中最低;长喙田菁的4种重金属积累量为锌(186-221mgkg-1)>铅(96-145mgkg-1)>铜(17-30mgkg-1)>镉(3-4mgkg-1)。带营养杯移栽能有效提高长喙田菁的产量和氮积累量,且明显降低其体内的重金属含量。试验证明长喙田菁是较理想的铅锌矿尾矿废弃地植被重建的先锋植物。     

不同造林树种对铁尾矿基质理化性质和土壤动物的影响

为了探讨不同造林树种对铁尾矿基质改良及土壤动物的影响,在唐山迁安马兰庄铁尾矿区选择尾矿坡面直接造林成功的沙地柏、紫穗槐、毛白杨3种树种,测定林内尾矿理化性质和土壤动物,并与裸尾矿进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)紫穗槐林对铁尾矿土壤容重、总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和饱和持水量的改善效果最好,沙地柏林对改善毛管孔隙度、田间持水量和毛管持水量的效果最好。(2)3个树种造林均使尾矿砂p H值明显降低。紫穗槐林对尾矿砂有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量的积累效果最好,沙地柏林和紫穗槐林均有利于尾矿砂中全钾含量的积累。(3)紫穗槐林下土壤动物数量和多样性最高,沙地柏林次之。铁尾矿土壤动物与环境因素灰色关联度分析表明,全氮、有机质、碱解氮、土壤容重与土壤动物多样性关系密切,植被覆盖率和植被高度对土壤动物多样性影响最小。(4)主成分分析结果表明:紫穗槐林对铁尾矿基质理化性质和土壤动物综合改良效果最好,其次是沙地柏林,杨树林的改良效果不明显。但进行值被恢复后,各样地的立地条件均优于裸尾矿。     

5种湿地植物对土壤重金属的富集转运特征

选择芦苇、水葱、千屈菜、扁秆藨草、长苞香蒲5种湿地植物进行盆栽实验,比较它们对土壤中的5种重金属镉、铬、汞、铅、锌的富集特性,分析重金属在各植物体和土壤中的动态分布,以评价所测植物对土壤中重金属的综合富集能力,为利用植物修复金属污染土壤提供理论依据和技术支持。结果表明:(1)种植湿地植物对土壤重金属的富集效果显著高于无植物对照,且随着处理时间的延长,土壤中重金属镉、铬、汞、铅、锌的含量均呈下降趋势。(2)湿地植物对重金属镉、铬、汞、铅、锌的富集效果差异显著,其中水葱根部对重金属镉的富集系数最大,芦苇根部对重金属铬、汞、铅、锌的富集系数均最大,千屈菜、扁秆藨草和长苞香蒲根部对5种重金属的富集系数均较小;芦苇地上部分对金属镉的富集系数最大,千屈菜地上部分对金属铬、汞、铅的富集系数均最大,水葱地上部分对金属锌的富集系数最大。(3)5种湿地植物对重金属镉、铬、汞、铅、锌的转移系数差异显著,其中扁秆藨草对土壤中镉、铬、铅、锌的转移系数均为最大,对铬和锌的转移系数均大于1,长苞香蒲对铬的转移系数大于1,仅次于扁秆藨草。其他3种植物对5种重金属的转移系数均小于1。研究表明,5种湿地植物对重金属Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb、Zn都有富集和转移的能力,但不同植物对不同重金属的富集效果不同。     

4种藤本植物对锰污染土壤的耐受性及其生理响应

为筛选对Mn污染土壤具有较高耐受性的藤本植物并探讨其抗Mn生理机制,以薜荔、忍冬、五叶地锦和络石扦插苗为材料,采用模拟Mn污染土壤培养法,配置Mn含量分别为3 000mg/kg(T1)、6 000mg/kg(T2)、9 000mg/kg(T3)和12 000mg/kg(T4)的Mn污染土壤,以不加Mn的土壤为空白对照(CK),研究不同浓度Mn胁迫对4种藤本植物生物量、生长量、不同部位Mn含量、叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响,并对其耐性指数(Ti)、转移系数(TF)、生物富集系数(BCF)进行了比较分析。结果表明:(1)随着Mn处理浓度的升高,薜荔、五叶地锦、忍冬、络石的生物量、生长量总体呈现下降的趋势,平均耐性指数依次分别为82.48%、84.86%、89.21%和95.41%。(2)地上部分、根系的Mn含量随着Mn处理浓度的增加总体呈现升高的趋势,且根系的Mn含量都高于地上部分,TF值均小于1,地上部分和根系的BCF平均值均依次为:络石忍冬五叶地锦薜荔。(3)随土壤Mn处理浓度的升高植物叶绿素含量总体呈现下降的趋势,MDA含量持续上升,而SOD活性、POD活性、CAT活性呈先升后降的趋势,在T4处理时络石的叶绿素含量和三种抗氧化酶活性下降幅度、MDA上升幅度均低于其他3种植物。研究表明,络石较其他3种植物具有更高的Mn耐受性以及Mn转移能力和富集能力,可作为Mn尾矿污染土壤修复的潜力植物。     

尾矿中重金属对4种土著植物生理特性的影响

【摘要】文章以盐生草(Halogeton glomeratus)、地肤(Kochia scoparia L.)、碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)、绿藜(Chenopodium glaucum)4种土著藜科植物为研究对象, 对比分析了农田土(T1)和原生土+尾矿(1:1, T2)大田盆栽试验下, 4种植物幼苗的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶绿素(Chl)、丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、脯氨酸含量(Pro)和抗氧化酶活性等生理指标的变化情况, 为金川尾矿生态修复植物的筛选提供理论依据。结果表明, T2条件下的盐生草、地肤的3个光合指标(Pn、Gs、Tr)均显著下降, 其余6个指标均显著上升; 碱蓬的气孔导度、蒸腾速率、丙二醛、脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)显著上升, 过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)、叶绿素含量和净光合速率显著下降; 绿藜的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率显著下降, 可溶性蛋白、过氧化物酶活性(POD)显著上升。通过模糊隶属函数综合评价分析得出4种植物幼苗抗重金属性顺序为盐生草＞地肤＞绿藜＞碱蓬。盐生草可作为金川尾矿复垦及原位修复的优势植物。     

攀钢冶炼渣堆土壤与优势植物的重金属含量

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定攀钢西渣场冶炼渣堆土壤和6科12种优势植物中Mn、Pb、 Ni、 Cu、Cd等5种重金属含量,并计算优势植物对重金属的富积系数和转移系数.结果表明:渣堆土壤中重金属含量Mn最高(3869.14 mg/kg),次后顺序为Pb>Ni>Cu>Cd;植物与土壤的重金属分布基本一致;所测优势植物中,多数植物对重金属的富积系数较低,而转移系数却较高,如天名精对Cu的转移系数为5.1,羽芒菊对Pb转移系数为3.3,五月艾对Cd的转移系数为6.0,其中8种植物(天名精、羽芒菊等)对Mn的转移系数均大于1.该结果为重金属污染土壤的植物修复提供了参考物种,同时也为植物重金属耐受机制的研究提供了筛选对象.     

Mobility and Translocation of Heavy Metals from Mine Tailings in Three Plant Species after Amendment with Compost and Biosurfactant

An experiment was performed to determine the effects of mine tailings alone mixed with compost or with compost plus crude biosurfactant on the accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, and Ni) in Acacia retinodes, Nicotiana glauca, and Echinochloa polystachya. The plants were grown in soil, mine tailings, and mine tailings containing compost over a period of seven and five months for shrubs or grass, respectively. The plants Acacia retinodes and Nicotiana glauca grown in mine tailings containing compost showed increases in dry biomass (from 62 to 79%) compared with plants in only tailings. Heavy metals accumulated in the roots and leaves showed high translocation rates of Cr in N. glauca, Cd in A. retinodes, and Ni in E. polystachya. Concentrations of heavy metals in the three plants irrigated with crude biosurfactant were not significantly different from those irrigated with water. Zn and Cd fractions within mine tailings containing compost were bound to carbonate, Pb was bound to residues, and Cu was bound to Fe-oxides. Cd had the highest mobility factor followed in order by Zn, Pb, and Cu. The elevated concentrations of Pb in roots and the low translocation rate for N. glauca and A. retinodes indicate that they are suitable for phytostabilizing Pb and Zn.     

Bioleaching of heavy metals from mine tailings by indigenous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria: effects of substrate concentration

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of substrate concentration (elemental sulfur) on remobilization of heavy metals from mine tailings by indigenous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Also, the variation in the binding forms of heavy metals before and after bioleaching was explored. This work showed the laboratory results of bioleaching experiments on Pb-Zn-Cu mine tailings. The results showed that 97.54% Zn, 97.12% Cu, and 44.34% Pb could be removed from mine tailings by the bioleaching experiment after 13 days at 2% w/v substrate concentration. The results also indicated that substrate concentration 2% was found to be best to bacterial activity and metal solubilization of the five substrate concentration tested (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5%) under the chosen experimental conditions. The bioleaching had a significant impact on changes in partitioning of heavy metals.     

Phytoremediation of mine tailings in temperate and arid environments

Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for the remediation of mine tailings, a global problem for which conventional remediation technologies are costly. There are two approaches to phytoremediation of mine tailings, phytoextraction and phytostabilization. Phytoextraction involves translocation of heavy metals from mine tailings to the plant shoot biomass followed by plant harvest, while phytostabilization focuses on establishing a vegetative cap that does not shoot accumulate metals but rather immobilizes metals within the tailings. Phytoextraction is currently limited by low rates of metal removal which is a combination of low biomass production and insufficiently high metal uptake into plant tissue. Phytostabilization is currently limited by a lack of knowledge of the minimum amendments required (e.g., compost, irrigation) to support long-term plant establishment. This review addresses both strategies within the context of two specific climate types: temperate and arid. In temperate environments, mine tailings are a source of metal leachates and acid mine drainage that contaminate nearby waterways. Mine tailings in arid regions are subject to eolian dispersion and water erosion. Examples of phytoremediation within each of these environments are discussed. Current research suggests that phytoextraction, due to high implementation costs and long time frames, will be limited to sites that have high land values and for which metal removal is required. Phytostabilization, due to lower costs and easier implementation, will be a more commonly used approach. Complete restoration of mining sites is an unlikely outcome for either approach.     

Mineralogy and geochemistry of tailings from a gold mine in northeastern Thailand

Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of tailings from a gold mine in northeastern Thailand were investigated in relation to acid mine drainage (AMD) and the release potentials of toxic elements. The tailings can be divided into upper tailings and lower tailings. The upper tailings usually contain pyrrhotite, pyrite ± chalcopyrite, calcite, quartz, andradite and diopside. The lower tailings mainly contain goethite, quartz, chlorite, muscovite, calcite and hematite ± pyrrhotite. These assemblages clearly relate to the original types of gold deposit prior to mining and mineral processing. The upper tailings are defined as potential acid forming (PAF), whereas the lower tailings are classified as non-acid forming (NAF). Regarding heavy metals, apart from high Mn level, the other heavy metals appear to have low concentrations in the upper tailings. On the other hand, the lower tailings contain high contents of As, Cu and Pb, which appear to be higher than the National Total Threshold Limit Concentrations. Goethite, the main mineral assemblage in the lower tailings, reveals characteristic of arsenic adsorbent. As a result, the tailing pond is recommended to be covered to prevent the oxidizing processes of the upper tailings; otherwise, AMD generation may take place soon after the mine closure. Land reclamation and monitoring plans must be planned very well and carried out with great care since arsenic contamination has been reported in steam water close to the tailing dam.     

Rhamnolipid biosurfactant-enhanced soil flushing for the removal of arsenic and heavy metals from mine tailings

Mine tailings containing high contents of arsenic and heavy metals are potential environmental contamination sources. Column experiments were conducted in this study to evaluate the feasibility of using a rhamnolipid biosurfactant (JBR425) to enhance the removal of arsenic and heavy metals from an oxidized mine tailings sample collected from Bathurst, Canada. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) analyses indicated that arsenate [As(V)] was the only extractable arsenic species in the mine tailings. The addition of rhamnolipids did not change the oxidation state of arsenic. It was found that a 0.1% rhamnolipid solution (initial pH adjusted to 11) could significantly enhance the removal of arsenic and heavy metals (i.e., Cu, Pb and Zn) simultaneously. The accumulative removal of arsenic, Cu, Pb and Zn reached 148, 74, 2379, and 259 mg/kg after a 70-pore-volume flushing, respectively. Moreover, the mobilization of arsenic and heavy metals by rhamnolipids was found to be positively correlated with that of Fe, and the mobilization of arsenic was also positively correlated to that of the heavy metals. The mobilization of co-existing metals, to some extent, might enhance arsenic mobilization in the presence of rhamnolipids by helping incorporate it into aqueous organic complexes or micelles through metal-bridging mechanisms.     

香根草和百喜草对铅锌尾矿重金属的抗性与吸收差异研究

铅锌尾矿是一类重金属含量极高,对植物生长产生毒害的生境.盆栽实验的结果显示,香根草和百喜草在纯尾矿或由尾矿和垃圾组成的混合基质上都能生长,但植物的长势随基质中重金属含量的增加而减弱,其中香根草的生物量所受的影响比百喜草的更大,即百喜草有比香根草更强的重金属抗性.2种植物体内的重金属含量高低均为Zn＞Pb＞Cu,但二者对它们的富集能力大小分别是,香根草为Zn＞Cu＞Pb,百喜草则为Cu＞Zn＞Pb.香根草和百喜草的根系对3种重金属都有较强的滞留效应,滞留率均在50%以上;其中香根草对重金属的滞留率又明显高于百喜草;而且,同一植物对不同的重金属的滞留率也明显不同,香根草对Pb的滞留率最高,而百喜草对Cu的滞留率显著高过对Zn和Pb.由于香根草的生物量明显大于百喜草,结果香根草对Pb、Zn的吸收量比百喜草高.当用25%的垃圾改良金属尾矿时,百喜草对重金属的吸收量即达最大;而香根草则在尾矿和垃圾各占50%的基质中吸收最多的重金属;因此,添加一定量的垃圾(25%～50%左右)用于尾矿改良时,不仅能使尾矿得到更快的植被恢复与更高的植物修复效果,而且能使垃圾资源得到充分合理的利用.总之,当开展对金属尾矿的植被恢复时,可选择种植抗性强、覆盖快的百喜草,但如果要对尾矿中的重金属进行生物净化,则应选择种植生物量大的香根草,种植香根草还可较好地防止重金属的二次污染或生物富集.     

Extraction of Arsenic and Heavy Metals from Contaminated Mine Tailings by Soil Washing

In this study, the soil washing technique has been used to treat mine tailings contaminated heavily with arsenic and heavy metals at Jingok mine, which is one of the abandoned mines in Korea. The results showed that phosphoric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, and sodium metabisulfite were highly effective in extracting arsenic and heavy metals. Among them, oxalic acid was the most effective (especially for Pb, Cu, and Zn), as even a residual fraction of arsenic was partly extracted. The optimum concentration of washing reagent and the ratio between the mine tailings and washing reagent were found to be 0.5 M and 1:20, respectively. In addition, the extraction kinetics of arsenic and heavy metals was fast, in which the reaction time of 30 minutes was deemed to be a sufficient contact time. From the results, it may be concluded that the low pH of washing solution and the amount of dissolved Fe may be considered as the most important factors in the extraction of arsenic and heavy metals.     

Natural Colonization of Plants on Five Lead/Zinc Mine Tailings in Southern China

Mine tailings can have a specific assemblage of plant species due to their unique physicochemical properties, and this process can be important in developing ecological theory and restoration practice. Physicochemical properties and natural colonization of plants on five lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailings in southern China were investigated. The tailings studied included Fankou and Lechang in Guangdong Province, and Huangshaping, Shuikoushan, and Taolin in Hunan Province. Physicochemical properties of the tailings varied greatly both among and within tailings ponds, but in general, all contained high concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd) and low concentrations of N, P, and organic matter. Toxic levels of heavy metals and deficiency of major nutrients appeared to be the major constraints for colonization of plants on these Pb/Zn tailings and were reflected in the metal concentration of the plant tissues. The natural colonization of plants on these tailings was limited, with only some small patches distributed mainly on the edge of tailing ponds and even fewer patches on the center of the ponds. In total 54 plant species belonging to 51 genera and 24 families were recorded on the five tailings ponds, of which the 13 species belonging to Gramineae were major components of the tailings’ flora. Species establishing on the tailings at the initial colonization phase greatly depended on their seed‐dispersal capacity. Further establishment and growth were then dependent on at least one of the three ecological strategies: (1) microsite (avoidance) strategy: plant establishment on tailings depended on dispersing onto microsites of relatively favorable edaphic conditions; (2) tolerance strategy: plant establishment was a result of evolving metal‐tolerant ecotypes or constitutional metal tolerance; and (3) rhizome strategy: plant establishment on tailings depended on clonal growth by rhizomatous extension.     

Vegetation pattern and heavy metal accumulation at a mine tailing at Gyöngyösoroszi, hungary

Vegetation at an abandoned heavy metal bearing mine tailing may have multifunctional roles such as modification of water balance, erosion control and landscape rehabilitation. Research on the vegetation of mine tailings can provide useful information on tolerance, accumulation and translocation properties of species potentially applicable at moderately contaminated sites. Analyses of the relationship between heavy metal content (Pb, Zn and Cu) and vegetation in a mine tailing were carried out. These analyses included: (1) spatial analysis of relationship among heavy metal distribution, pH and vegetation patterns, and (2) analysis of heavy metal accumulation and translocation in some plant species. Presence of vegetation was found to be significantly dependent on pH value, which confirms that phytotoxicity is a function of element concentration in solution, which is primarily controlled by pH value in mine tailings. Among the most abundant plant species, dewberry (Rubus caesius), vipersbugloss (Echium vulgare), scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis) and narrowleaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata) accumulate significant amounts of Pb, Cu and Zn, while in the case of annual bluegrass (Poa annua) only Pb can be measured in elevated contents. Considering the translocation features, scarlet pimpernel, narrowleaf plantain, and dewberry accumulate heavy metals primarily in their roots, while heavy metal concentration in vipersbugloss and annual bluegrass is higher in the shoots.     

芒属植物重金属耐性及其在矿山废弃地植被恢复中的应用潜力

芒属植物重金属耐性强,并且是重要的能源植物,其在矿山废弃地植被恢复中的应用备受关注.芒属植物对多种重金属耐性强,但不属于重金属超累积植物.目前的研究认为,根系代谢能力强、根际存在多种共生微生物及抗氧化和光合作用能力强是芒属植物重金属耐性强的重要原因,但更为全面的耐性机理需要深入研究.芒属植物在矿山废弃地植被恢复的应用潜力大,可以清除土壤重金属、改善土壤性质和促进生物多样性发展.本文总结分析了芒属植物生物学特性、重金属耐性特点、机理及其在矿山废弃地植被恢复中的应用潜力,提出了应用芒属植物进行矿山废弃地植被恢复的基本思路,并对芒属植物的重金属耐性机理及应用的未来研究方向进行展望,以期为利用芒属植物开展矿山废弃地植被恢复提供借鉴.