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1.
猪卵母细胞不同孤雌激活方法   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
研究了离子霉素、电场强度、电脉冲次数和电刺激-化学联合激活对猪卵母细胞孤雌激活的影响,以出现分裂球为激活的标准。结果表明:(1)10μmol/L离子霉素处理5min的激活率62.97%(17/27)与处理10min、15min的激活率62.50%(15/24)、65.21%(15/23)差异不显著(P〉0.05)。(2)以电场强度120V/mm,脉冲次数3次处理猪卵母细胞的激活率66.67%(30/45)与60V/mm、80V/in/n、100V/mm的激活率40.98%(17/42)、44.11%(15/34)、46.19%(18/39)有显著差异(P〈0.05),但与140V/mm、160V/mm的激活率63.89%(23/36)、64.10%(25/39)无显著差异(P〉0.05)。(3)以电场强度120V/mm,不同电脉冲次数进行激活。以2次电脉冲激活猪卵母细胞的激活率67.40%(31/46)与1次、3次电脉冲的激活率62.80%(27/43)、68.30%(28/41)无显著差异(P〉0.05)。(4)以电场强度120V/mm,2次电脉冲与10μmol/L离子霉素处理5min联合激活猪卵母细胞的激活率84.84%(29/33)与只用电场强度120V/mm,2次电脉冲的激活率67.64%(23/34)差异显著(P〈0.05)。实验结果表明:电场强度120V/mm,2次电脉冲与10μmol/L离子霉素处理5min联合处理激活能有效提高猪卵母细胞孤雌激活的激活率。  相似文献   

2.
兔2—细胞胚胎电融合及其融合胚体外发育的研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
刘林  安民 《遗传学报》1993,20(6):493-498
本文对兔2-细胞胚胎卵裂球电融合制作四倍体胚胎的适宜条件进行了研究。电场强度为2.0千伏/厘米,脉冲时程为40微秒时,可获得最好的融合率(68.9-100%,平均为77.3%)及融合胚发育率(74.5%),该发育率与受精卵体外囊胚发育率(79.3%)相似。对于电融合及融合胚发育,非电解质溶液(0.3mol/L甘露醇+0.1mmol/L氯化钙+0.1mmol/L硫酸镁)优于电解质溶液。融合后,72.  相似文献   

3.
以卵丘细胞为核供体细胞组成重构胚,卵裂率达到56.7%,发育至桑椹胚率达到11.7%,囊胚率为6.7%,显著高于成纤维细胞重构胚(P<0.05)。本文还研究了卵母细胞的采集方法、激活程序和卵龄对卵丘细胞核移植重构胚体外发育的影响。以血清饥饿法将卵丘细胞诱导G0/G1期,抽吸法/解剖法采集卵母细胞,体外培养33-44h,将卵丘细胞放至去核卵母细胞的卵周隙中,重构胚以钙离子载体A23817或电脉冲结合6-DMAP激活处理,体外培养6d。研究表明,卵母细胞采集方法、激活液中细胞松驰素(CB)、激活程度并不影响重构胚的发育(以卵龄44h的卵母细胞为受体);而以电脉冲结合6-DMAP激活处理能提高重构胚发育能力(以卵龄33h的卵母细胞为受体)(P<0.05)。本研究显示,以电脉冲结合6-DMAP激活卵丘细胞重构胚,体外能发育至囊胚。  相似文献   

4.
影响猪体细胞核移植重构胚体外发育的若干因素   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
以卵丘细胞为核供体细胞组成重构胚,卵裂率达到56.7%,发育至桑椹胚达11.7%、孵化囊胚率为6.7%,显著高于成纤维细胞组成的重构胚(P<0.05)。我们研究了卵母细胞的采集方法,激活方法和卵龄对卵丘细胞核移植重构胚体外发育的影响。以血清饥饿法将卵丘细胞诱导至G0或G1期,抽吸法/解剖法采集卵母细胞,体外培养33或44h,将卵丘细胞置于去核卵母细胞的卵周隙中,重构胚以钙离子载体A23817或电泳冲结合6-DMAP激活处理,体外培养6天,结果表明,卵 母细胞采集方法、激活液中细胞松弛素(CB)并不影响重构胚的发育(以卵龄44h的卵母细胞为受体);而以电脉冲结合6-DMAP激活处理能提高重构胚发育能力(以卵龄33h的卵母细胞为受体)(P<0.05)。本研究显示,以电脉冲结合6-DMAP激活卵丘细胞重构胚,能在体外发育至囊胚。  相似文献   

5.
鼠兔核质杂交胚胎早期发育的研究   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
细胞核移植技术已被证明是研究发育中核质相互关系的非常重要的手段之一,电融合技术也是近十年发展起来的新型细胞融合技术也是近十年发展起来的新型细胞融合技术,本实验运用这两项技术,进行了鼠、兔目间核质杂交实验,小鼠8-细胞核在激活的兔去核卵母细胞中,发五了染色体超前凝聚及核膨胀,融合卵移植到小鼠输卵管4.5天后,冲洗出,有5.4%的重构卵发育到囊胚期,通过染色体检查,囊胚细胞中均为小鼠染色体,其中一个囊  相似文献   

6.
人-山羊异种核移植胚胎发育的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以体外分离培养的人胚胎成纤维细胞为核供体,经血清饥饿培养后,通过显微操作技术移入山羊去核卵母细胞中,采用化学方法激活重组胚.通过体外培养观察,2-细胞胚胎发育率可达51.33%,4-细胞发育率为31.42%,但发育至桑椹胚阶段的胚胎数目大大减少,仅为9.73%.虽然目前尚未能获得异种核移植囊胚,但实验结果说明山羊成熟卵母细胞可以支持人体细胞核完成重编程,人-山羊异种体细胞核移植重组胚可在体外完成其早期发育.  相似文献   

7.
体细胞来源及培养代数对核移植重构胚发育的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为探讨体细胞来源及培养代数对核移植重构胚发育的影响,实验采用电融合法将小鼠2—细胞胚胎卵裂球、胚胎干细胞(ES)、胎儿成纤维细胞、耳成纤维细胞、尾尖成纤维细胞、睾丸支持细胞和精原细胞以及不同培养代次的胎儿成纤维细胞进行了核移植。结果显示:2—细胞胚胎卵裂球供核重构胚发育最好,囊胚率为7.4%;ES细胞重构胚虽然发育率低,但仍有囊胚出现,比例为0.7%;胎儿成纤维细胞重构胚最高发育阶段为桑椹胚,比例为0.2%;精原细胞重构胚只能发育到8-细胞阶段,比例为0.3%;其他几类细胞重构胚则仅能发育至4-细胞阶段。不同培养代数的胎儿成纤维细胞重构胚除第3代外都可发育到8-细胞阶段,且发育率差异不显著,但第一代细胞重构胚2-细胞发育率(40.7%)显著低于2、3和4代细胞重构胚。结果表明:不同分化程度的细胞核移植后,重新编程的难易程度是不一样的,分化程度越高则重新编程越难;未调整细胞周期的ES细胞由于多数处于S期,所以重构胚发育率很低;体外培养传代有利于体细胞核移植后重新编程。  相似文献   

8.
目的:根据早期胚胎不同发育阶段的营养需求设计体外培养体系,以建立适于山羊早期胚胎体外发育的序贯培养方法。方法:对屠宰场来源山羊卵巢卵母细胞进行体外成熟和体外受精后移入添加不同胚胎发育影响因子的培养体系中进行体外培养,显微镜观察、统计各阶段胚胎发育情况,并对培养的胚胎进行移植。结果:BSA和EGF对山羊体外受精卵具有明显促卵裂作用,培养系统中添加EGS、EGF、HTAU或p—Me可有效支持8-细胞期山羊胚胎克服发育阻滞而提高桑葚胚发育率;在不同胚胎期添加各发育影响因子进行序贯培养的卵裂率、≥8-细胞率和桑葚胚发育率分别为45.2%、60.6%和23.4%,序贯培养的胚胎移植后产羔率为11.1%。结论:宜根据早期胚胎各时期代谢特点和营养需求对山羊胚胎进行序贯培养。  相似文献   

9.
为了探讨猪无透明带卵母细胞孤雌激活培养体系,为手工克隆法生产小猪奠定理论和实验基础,本研究比较了不同浓度链霉蛋白酶对猪卵母细胞透明带的消化率及后期发育的卵裂率;比较了不同电激活参数对无透明带卵母细胞激活效率的影响,并探索了最适宜容纳孤雌激活胚胎的微穴大小。结果表明:2 mg/m L链霉蛋白酶能得到最高的消化率及后期发育的卵裂率;最佳电激活参数为:70 V/mm电压,80滋s脉冲时间,2次脉冲;较适宜容纳孤雌激活胚胎的微穴大小为:底部直径约为l20μm,深度约为150μm。  相似文献   

10.
体外培养成熟的卵母细胞是进行克隆猪研究所需受体卵母细胞的主要来源, 卵母细胞成熟质量与体细胞核移植胚胎发育能力关系密切. 为提高卵母细胞体外成熟率和成熟质量, 进而提高体细胞核移植猪的成功率, 本实验以改进的TCM199培养液为基础液(T), 分别添加10%的猪卵泡液(T+pFF)和 10%的胎牛血清(T+FBS)后进行卵母细胞成熟培养, 以成熟率和体细胞核移植胚胎发育率等重要指标为标准, 研究了pFF和FBS对卵母细胞成熟及核移植胚胎发育能力的影响. T, T+pFF和T+FBS组在成熟培养后42 h卵母细胞成熟率分别为(53.2±3.8)%, (69.7±3.8)%和(70.2±3.7)%, 添加10%的pFF和FBS显著(P<0.05)提高了卵母细胞成熟率; 3组不同成熟培养液获得的成熟卵母细胞在体细胞核移植后囊胚发育率差异不显著, 但T+pFF组的囊胚细胞数(34.5±2.24)显著(P<0.05)高于T组的囊胚细胞数(26.6±1.25). 来自T+pFF组的体细胞核移植胚胎经手术法移植入发情周期为第0天或第1天的18头受体母猪输卵管, 其中有3头受体母猪妊娠发育到期, 获得克隆民猪14头, 其中有6头健康成活至今. 实验结果表明, 培养液中添加10%pFF可以有效提高卵母细胞成熟比例和成熟质量, 在含有10% pFF培养液中获得的成熟卵母细胞具有支持核移植胚胎全程发育的能力.  相似文献   

11.
To date, the efficiency of pig cloning by nuclear transfer of somatic cell nuclei has been extremely low, with less than 1% of transferred embryos surviving to term. Even the utilization of complex procedures such as two rounds of nuclear transfer has not resulted in greater overall efficiencies. As a result, the applicability of the technology for the generation of transgenic and cloned animals has not moved forward rapidly. We report here a simple nuclear transfer protocol, utilizing commercially available in vitro-matured oocytes, that results in greater than 5% overall cloning efficiency. Of five recipients receiving nuclear transfer embryos produced with a fetal fibroblast cell line as nuclear donor, all five established pregnancies by day 28 (100%), and 4/5 (80%) went to term. Efficiencies for each transfer were 7% (9 piglets/128 doublets transferred), 5% (5/100), 12% (7/59), and 6.6% (7/106). The overall efficiency in all recipients was 5.5% and in pregnant recipients 7.7%, with a total of 28 cloned piglets produced. With the average fusion rate being 58%, the percentage of fused doublets producing a live piglet approached 12%. The method described here can be undertaken by a single micromanipulator at a reasonable cost, and should facilitate the broad utilization of porcine cloning technology in transgenic and nontransgenic applications.  相似文献   

12.
Production of transgenic porcine blastocysts by nuclear transfer   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In this study the in vitro development of porcine nuclear transfer (NT) embryos was investigated. Transgenic fetal fibroblast cells that were frozen after 5 days of serum starvation were injected immediately after thawing into enucleated metaphase II (MII) oocytes. Reconstructed embryos were activated by incubation in 200 microM thimerosal followed by a 30-min treatment of 8 mM DTT. The embryos were subsequently cultured in NCSU23, supplemented with 4 mg/ml BSA for 7 days. The actual cleavage rate (embryos showing > or =2 nuclei) in 6 replicates was 33% (ranging from 15% to 50%). Three blastocysts with cell numbers of 14, 15, and 18 were obtained. The blastocyst rate was significantly lower for NT embryos as opposed to parthenogenetically activated embryos (1% vs. 5%; P<0.05). The neomycin-resistance gene was amplified by PCR in all three NT embryos, indicating their origin from the injected transgenic fibroblasts. Efforts are now being directed in improvements in the nuclear transfer technology, whereby viable fetuses or offspring can be produced from these NT-embryos.  相似文献   

13.
This study reconstructed heterogeneous embryos using camel skin fibroblast cells as donor karyoplasts and ovine oocytes as recipient cytoplasts for investigating the developmental potential of the reconstructed embryos. Serum-starved adult camel skin fibroblast cells were used as donor somatic cells. Ovine oocytes matured in vitro were employed as recipient cytoplasts. The fusion of fibroblast cells into recipient cytoplasm was induced by electrofusion. The fused oocytes were activated by 5mM/ml inomycin with 2mM/ml 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP). The activated reconstructed embryos were co-cultured with ovine cumulus cells in synthetic oviduct fluid supplemented with amino acid (SOFaa) and 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) for 168h. A total of 300 enucleated ovine oocytes were available for xenonuclear embryo reconstruction. The results showed that 71% of the nuclear transfer couplets were successfully fused, 55% of the fused oocytes cleaved within 48h after activation, 82% of the cleaved oocytes developed to 2-16-cell embryo stages and 18% of the cleaved nuclear transfer zygotes developed to the morula stage. This study demonstrated that the xenonuclear transfer camel embryos can undergo the first embryonic division and subsequent development to morula stage in vitro.  相似文献   

14.
In nonhuman primates (NHPs), there have so far been few reports about nuclear transfer (NT), especially using adult somatic cells. The objective of this study was to determine the developmental competence of NT embryos derived from various somatic cells embryonic stem (ES), amniotic epithelial, cumulus, or fetal fibroblast cells] and the nuclear transfer method, such as electro fusion or piezo microinjection, activation with chemical reagent [ionomycine/6-dimethylaminopurine (DMAP), calcium ionophore A23187/DMAP, or cycloheximide (CHX)] and reprogramming time (1, 2, or 4 h; in this study, the duration from injection or fusion to activation was defined as the reprogramming time). Our results showed that a 1-h reprogramming and activation with ionomycin/DMAP are suitable for NT in monkeys. Developing cleaved embryos up to the six-cell stage was similar among all experiments. However, beyond the eight-cell stage, developmental rates were higher in NT embryos reconstructed with fetal fibroblast cells and amniotic epithelial cells, and we were able to produce NT blastocysts from these cells. Interestingly, electro fusion is sufficient for amniotic epithelial cells and piezo microinjection is better suited for fetal fibroblast cells to produce NT blastocysts, thus suggesting that the best method for somatic cell NT may be different between cell types.  相似文献   

15.
Birth of mice after nuclear transfer by electrofusion using tail tip cells   总被引:36,自引:0,他引:36  
Mice have been successfully cloned from cumulus cells, fibroblast cells, embryonic stem cells, and immature Sertoli cells only after direct injection of their nuclei into enucleated oocytes. This technical feature of mouse nuclear transfer differentiates it from that used in domestic species, where electrofusion is routinely used for nuclear transfer. To examine whether nuclear transfer by electrofusion can be applied to somatic cell cloning in the mouse, we electrofused tail tip fibroblast cells with enucleated oocytes, and then assessed the subsequent in vitro and in vivo development of the reconstructed embryos. The rate of successful nuclear transfer (fusion and nuclear formation) was 68.8% (753/1094) and the rate of development into morulae/blastocysts was 40.8% (260/637). After embryo transfer, seven (six males and one female; 2.5% per transfer) normal fetuses were obtained at 17.5-21.5 dpc. These rates of development in vitro and in vivo are not significantly different from those after cloning by injection (44.7% to morulae/blastocysts and 4.8% to term). These results indicate that nuclear transfer by electrofusion is practical for mouse somatic cell cloning and provide an alternative method when injection of donor nuclei into recipient oocytes is technically difficult.  相似文献   

16.
This paper methodologically compares the electro-fusion (EF) and intracytoplasmic injection (ICI) methods, as well as simultaneous fusion/activation (SA) and delayed activation (DA), in somatic nuclear transfer in pigs using fetal fibroblast cells. Comparison of the remodeling pattern of donor nuclei after nuclear transfer by ICI or EF showed that a high rate (80-100%) of premature chromosome condensation occurred in both cases whether or not Ca2+ was present in the fusion medium. Formation of pseudo-pronuclei tended to be lower for nuclear transfer performed by the ICI method (65% vs. 85-97%, p < 0.05). In vitro developmental potential of nuclear transfer embryos reconstructed with IVM oocytes using the EF method was higher than that of those produced by the ICI method (blastocyst formation: 19 vs. 5%, p < 0.05), and it was not improved using in vivo-matured oocytes as recipient cytoplasts. Embryos produced using SA protocol developed to blastocysts with the same degree of efficiency as those produced under the DA protocol (11 vs. 12%). Use of the EF method in conjunction with SA was shown to be an efficient method for producing cloned pigs based on producing a cloned normal pig fetus. However, subtle differences in nuclear remodeling patterns between the SA and DA protocols may imply variations in their nuclear reprogramming efficiency.  相似文献   

17.
The present study was conducted to establish a porcine cell line from blastocysts produced in vitro and to examine the developmental ability of nuclear transfer embryos reconstituted with the cells and enucleated mature oocytes. When hatched blastocysts were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with supplements, no colonies of embryo-derived cells were observed. In contrast, 56% of embryos that were attached to feeder layers of STO cells formed colonies in NCSU-23 with supplements. When the colonies were subcultured in the absence of feeder cells, a cell line with an epithelial-like cell morphology was obtained. This cell morphology was stable up to at least passage 30. Although no fused embryos were observed when a pulse of 100 V/mm was applied, the fusion rate increased significantly at 150 V/mm (28%) and 200 V/mm (64%). At 200 V/mm, 39% of fused embryos cleaved, but no embryos developed beyond the 3-cell stage. When cocultured with electro-activated oocytes, percentages of reconstructed embryos cleaved (65%) and developed to the 4-cell stage (23%) were significantly higher than percentages for those (cleavage: 38%; 4-cell stage: 3%) in the absence of activated oocytes. At 7 days after culture, one reconstructed embryo successfully developed to the blastocyst stage in the presence of activated oocytes. When green fluorescent protein-expressing cells and enucleated oocytes were fused and the fused embryos were cultured with electro-activated oocytes, 3 of 102 reconstructed embryos developed to the blastocyst stage. All of the blastocysts were positive for fluorescent green under ultraviolet light. The results of the present study indicate that a porcine cell line can be established from the hatched blastocyst and maintained in vitro for a long period, and that reconstructed embryos obtained by transferring the blastocyst-derived cells into enucleated oocytes have the ability to develop to the blastocyst stage in vitro.  相似文献   

18.
The present study examined the effect of elevated Ca(2+) concentration in fusion/activation medium on the fusion and development of fetal fibroblast nuclear transfer (NT) porcine embryos. Frozen-thawed and serum starved fetal fibroblasts were transferred into the perivitelline space of enucleated oocytes. Cell fusion and activation were induced simultaneously with electric pulses in 0.3 M mannitol-based medium containing 0.1 or 1.0 mM CaCl(2). Some fused embryos were further activated 1 hr after the fusion treatment by exposure to an electric pulse. The NT embryos were cultured in vitro for 6 days. Fusion and blastocyst formation rates were significantly (P<0.05) increased by increasing the Ca(2+) concentration from 0.1 mM (67.1 and 6.3%) to 1.0 mM (84.7 and 15.8%). However, no difference in the number of cells in blastocysts was observed between the two groups. A higher percentage of blastocyst was also observed when control oocytes were parthenogenetically activated in the presence of elevated Ca(2+) (19.3% vs. 32.4%, P<0.05). When the reconstituted oocytes were fused in the medium containing 1.0 mM CaCl(2), increasing the number of pulses from 2 to 3 or an additional activation treatment did not enhance the blastocyst formation rate or cell number in blastocysts. These results demonstrate that increasing the Ca(2+) concentration in the fusion/activation medium can enhance the fusion and blastocyst formation rates of fetal fibroblast NT porcine embryos without an additional activation treatment.  相似文献   

19.
Production of cloned laboratory animals is helpful in the establishment of medical models. In this study, we examined to produce reconstituted embryos derived from somatic cell nuclei, and to establish embryonic stem (ES) cell lines from the embryo in rabbits. Metaphase II (M-II) oocytes from superovulated rabbit were used as nuclear recipients. Nuclear donor cells were fibroblasts collected from a Dutch Beleted rabbit. The M-II chromosome and the 1st polar body were aspirated, and a fibroblast was inserted into the perivitelline space of the enucleated oocyte. The pairs were electrofused for cell membrane fusion using a cell fusion apparatus, and reconstituted embryos were produced. The embryos were activated and cultured in modified HTF medium and DMEM. The embryos developed to the blastocyst stage were removed their zona pellucida, and they were cultured on the feeder cell layer. As a result of having observed development of reconstituted embryos, 21.2% of the embryos were developed to the blastocyst stage. In the embryos cultured on the feeder cells, the adhesion on feeder cells was observed. We obtained inner cell mass (ICM) colony derived from reconstituted embryos. At present, we are investigating to establish the ES cell lines derived from the embryos reconstituted by nuclear transfer.  相似文献   

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