斑节对虾两个野生亲虾种群遗传多样性

采用RAPD和mtDNA 16S rRNA基因序列分析方法对海南和马来西亚斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)种群进行了遗传多样性和遗传分化研究.结果表明:15个RAPD随机引物共检测到82个位点,海南和马来西亚种群的多态位点比例分别为75.90％和76.83％,杂合度分别为0.199和0.218,遗传多样性指数分别为0.276和0.288,种群间的遗传距离为0.015;16S rRNA基因检测的种内遗传变异较低,马来西亚和海南种群的核苷酸多样性分别为0.011和0,种群之间的遗传距离为0.008;马来西亚种群比海南种群的遗传变异水平要高得多,且海南种群可能起源于马来西亚种群;进行遗传选育时可考虑引进马来西亚亲虾作为奠基群体.     

基于12S和16S rRNA序列的湍蛙属部分物种的系统发育关系

测定了湍蛙属 6个种共 10个种群 ,以及 4个外群种的线粒体 12S和 16SrRNA基因片段 ,比对后有94 0bp序列 ,发现 35 2个变异位点、 186个简约性位点。运用NJ法、MP法、ML法构建了系统关系树 ,各系统树一致表明内群为一单系群 ,分为两组 :第一组中 ,四川湍蛙两种群先聚合 ,再和棕点湍蛙聚为一支 ;第二组中 ,香港湍蛙和戴云湍蛙聚为一支 ,而香港大屿山离岛湍蛙种群首先与华南湍蛙相聚 ,再与武夷湍蛙构成姐妹支。研究结果表明 :香港地区增加 1种湍蛙分布 ;戴云湍蛙是一有效种 ;四川湍蛙的石棉和洪雅种群间遗传差异达到或超过其他种间的分歧水平。     

广西发现荔波臭蛙

荔波臭蛙（Odorrana liboensis）已知仅分布于贵州省荔波县茂兰国家级自然保护区。2021年8月,在广西壮族自治区百色市那坡县弄尧（23°01′21″ N,105°50′58″ E）采集到2号臭蛙标本（1雌,1雄）。经鉴定为荔波臭蛙,属广西两栖纲新记录物种。2号标本在形态上与荔波臭蛙模式标本基本一致,仅体型大小和腹部体色稍有差异。基于线粒体16S rRNA基因部分序列构建的系统发育树表明,荔波臭蛙那坡种群与模式标本聚为一支,支持率为100%,遗传距离为1.5%。本研究表明,荔波臭蛙广西那坡种群与模式产地种群存在一定的遗传和形态分化,可为蛙类生物地理学研究提供基础数据。     

云斑白条天牛雌雄成虫四个线粒体基因的序列比较

[目的]比较云斑白条天牛Batocera lineolata成虫雌雄个体的4个线粒体基因的序列差异,为研究种群个体分化和系统发育提供借鉴.[方法]以危害杨树云斑白条天牛种群为研究对象,分别提取并扩增云斑白条天牛雌雄成虫的线粒体DNA的COⅠ、COⅡ、Cytb、16S rRNA4个基因.通过序列比对,分析比较4个线粒体基因序列在雌雄成虫个体间的差异.[结果]危害杨树云斑白条天牛雌雄成虫的4个线粒体基因存在差异.在碱基序列相似度方面,COⅡ基因雌雄成虫间差异最大,相似度为98.3％,在比较的650个碱基位点中,2个缺失碱基,8个不一致碱基;其次为COⅠ,相似度为98.6％,比较的714个碱基位点中,5个缺失碱基,2个不一致碱基;再次为Cytb,相似度为98.9％,在比较的472个碱基位点中,4个不一致碱基;差异最小的为16S rRNA,相似度为99.2％,在比较的833个碱基位点中,2个缺失碱基,3个不一致碱基.在碱基含量方面,4个基因雌成虫A+T与C+G含量差值均高于雄成虫,Cyt b基因雌雄成虫A+T高出C+G含量的差值最高分别为40.84％和40.96％,16S rRNA差值其次分别为40.10％和40.70％,COⅡ差值再次分别为38.94％和38.22％,COⅠ差值最小分别为30.52％和30.16％.[结论]危害杨树云斑白条天牛雌雄成虫的mtDNA COⅠ、COⅡ、Cytb、16S rRNA在碱基序列相似度和碱基含量方面均存在差异,在分析种群个体分化和系统发育时,条件允许的情况下可以区分云斑白条天牛雌雄个体.     

中国大陆黑斑侧褶蛙基于mtDNA控制区序列的种群遗传结构

用分子遗传数据研究了黑斑侧褶蛙 (Pelophylaxnigromaculata)种群的遗传结构和分化。标本采自中国大陆的 12个地点 ,每个种群测定 10只或少于 10只蛙的mtDNA控制区 5′端 6 85bp的序列。 112只蛙的序列经比对后 ,共发现 111个变异位点 ,定义了 6 7种单元型 ,其中 7种单元型为地方种群间共享单元型 ,多数单元型为地方种群内特有。 12个地方种群合并成一个大种群分析时表明 ,中国大陆黑斑侧褶蛙的线粒体单元型多样性相当高 (h=0 98± 0 0 0 5 ) ,总体核苷酸多样性也较高 (π =0 0 30 3± 0 0 0 2 9)。这样高的单元型多样性和核苷酸多样性与黑斑侧褶蛙作为古北界和东洋界的广布种、种群大是相应的。基于最大简约法的单元型系统发生树和基于邻接法的地方种群系统发生分析中 ,吉林通化和辽宁辽阳种群与中国大陆其他地方种群构成姐妹群。分子变异分析表明 ,吉林和辽宁种群代表的吉辽组和其余 10个地方种群代表的综合组间出现了显著的种群分化 (Φ CT=0 80 9,P <0 0 0 1) ,各地方种群间成对的FST及种群间的核苷酸歧异度也均表明两者之间出现了显著的遗传分化。吉辽组与综合组间的遗传分化最可能的原因就是受第四纪冰川的影响     

POPU金钱豹mtDNA ND5基因序列及其遗传变异

测定山西7个不同地域金钱豹9个体mtDNA ND5基因部分序列,结合GenBank下载的37条序列,进行遗传多样性分析,用豹属的狮Panthera leo和虎Panthera tigris作外群,构建其不同单倍型的NJ分子聚类关系。46条序列共产生18个单倍型,单倍型多样度和核苷酸多样度指数表明金钱豹的遗传多样性比较丰富,AMOVA分析显示其种群间出现显著的遗传分化。单倍型聚类分析表明,亚洲和非洲种群尽管有一定的分化,但其置信度很低,不足以形成各自独立的分支。     

POPULATION GENETIC DIVERSITY OF PANTHERA PARDUS BASED ON MTDNA ND5 GENE SEQUENCES

测定山西7个不同地域金钱豹9个体mtDNA ND5基因部分序列,结合GenBank 下载的37条序列,进行遗传多样性分析,用豹属的狮Panthera leo和虎Panthera tigris作外群,构建其不同单倍型的NJ分子聚类关系.46条序列共产生18个单倍型,单倍型多样度和核苷酸多样度指数表明金钱豹的遗传多样性比较丰富,AMOVA分析显示其种群间出现显著的遗传分化.单倍型聚类分析表明,亚洲和非洲种群尽管有一定的分化,但其置信度很低,不足以形成各自独立的分支.     

重庆发现云南小狭口蛙及其系统发育关系

2021年5月在重庆武隆仙女山国家森林公园采集到3号小狭口蛙标本,经形态学及分子生物学鉴定为云南小狭口蛙（Glyphoglossus yunnanensis）,属重庆市两栖动物分布新记录种。本文给出了这3号标本的17项外形特征测量值,并描述了其生境特征。对10个不同地理种群的云南小狭口蛙种群相关16S rRNA基因片段构建最大似然树表明,重庆武隆标本与云南小狭口蛙产地标本序列聚在一起,且其间的遗传距离为0.6%,远远小于小狭口蛙属物种之间的遗传距离。重庆武隆的这一分布点,使得对云南小狭口蛙在我国分布的认知往东北延伸了超过350 km。云南小狭口蛙在重庆武隆的分布新记录能帮助理解该物种潜在分布区以及谱系地理。     

内蒙古中部小驼嗡蜣螂七个种群的遗传多样性

采用RAPD分子标记技术分析了内蒙古中部地区小驼嗡蜣螂（Onthophagus gibbulus）7个种群的遗传多样性及遗传分化。16条引物共检测到363条带,总多态位点比率为100％,Nei基因多样度为0．280,总的Shannon信息指数为0．433,结果表明,小驼嗡蜣螂种群遗传多样性丰富。在总的遗传变异中,12．57％的变异存在于种群间,87．43％的变异存在于种群内,种群间的遗传分化程度较低,种群间遗传分化系数（Gst）在0．074～0．203,基因流（Nm）在4．569～9．791,表明种群间存在广泛的基因交流。在本研究涉及的地理范围内,小驼嗡蜣螂种群的遗传距离与地理距离不相关,说明小驼嗡蜣螂种群间的分化与其生境的异质性有关。     

近交系小型猪线粒体基因组分析和家猪系统进化关系分析

广西巴马小型猪是长期近交培育而成的实验小型猪,遗传稳定.本研究拟通过线粒体基因组(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)分析来了解近交系的遗传背景,并从mtDNA角度进一步认识中国本土猪种的系统进化关系.实验设计29对特异性引物,PCR扩增和产物测序,拼接出广西巴马小型猪近交系7个世代猪的mtDNA序列;用42个品种猪的mtDNA D-loop区和基因编码区序列分布构建系统进化树.结果表明,广西巴马小型猪的mtDNA大小为16 761 bp,碱基组成、基因结构与其他猪种相似;近交系7个世代个体mtDNA发现有46个碱基差异位点,变异率为0.28％,mtDNA序列同源性在99.9％以上,表明该近交系母源单一;基于mtDNA序列构建的系统进化树不能清晰地区分地方品种猪之间的遗传关系.研究结果进一步表明广西巴马小型猪近交系的遗传背景单一,中国本土品种猪的母系关系复杂.     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV