石蒜属植物多糖组成的分析比较研究

对五种石蒜属植物:安徽石蒜、中国石蒜、忽地笑、换锦花、石蒜多糖的结构组成进行了对比分析。结果表明,安徽石蒜多糖与其他四种植物多糖差异较大,而忽地笑多糖和石蒜多糖相似、中国石蒜多糖和换锦花多糖相似。该研究为探讨石蒜属种间亲缘关系提供实验依据。     

石蒜属植物多糖的分离纯化

对五种石蒜属植物,安徽石蒜、中国石蒜、忽地笑、换锦花、石蒜多糖的提取、分离、纯化及其理化性质进行了研究。为石蒜属植物多糖开发利用提供依据,更为相关石蒜属植物多糖的最佳提纯过程和探讨该属种间亲缘关系提供资料。     

中国石蒜属遗传多样性与亲缘关系的SSR分析

利用SSR-PCR分析中国石蒜属植物的遗传多样性与种间亲缘关系,从46对SSR引物选出18对扩增清晰、多态性好的引物对石蒜属15个种和外类群中国水仙进行了PCR扩增,采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和改良的银染法染色,结果表明供试材料具有高度的遗传多样性,多态性位点百分率达97.63%。通过UPGMA法将供试20份材料聚成4类。第I类包括安徽石蒜、长筒石蒜、黄长筒石蒜、忽地笑、中国石蒜、乳白石蒜,其中安徽石蒜与长筒石蒜的亲缘关系很近;第II类包括香石蒜、鹿葱、换锦花、红蓝石蒜和玫瑰石蒜;第III类由石蒜、矮小石蒜、稻草石蒜和江苏石蒜组成;第IV类为外类群中国水仙。分子聚类结果不仅支持乳白石蒜、鹿葱、红蓝石蒜、江苏石蒜、稻草石蒜的杂交起源观点,而且与形态学分类、物种的染色体倍性、核型存在较高的一致性,即除乳白石蒜外,染色体基数接近或等于11、核型含有11t或11t倍数的物种聚为一大类;染色体基数不等于11、核型为6M+10T的种聚成了另一大类。SSR-PCR容易区分同种不同产地的安徽石蒜或不同花色的长筒石蒜,外形十分相似的石蒜和矮小石蒜,忽地笑和中国石蒜。本研究认为,将安徽石蒜作为一个独立的种不太合适,它可能是长筒石蒜的变种或是以长筒石蒜为亲本的杂交种。     

应用HPLC图谱进行石蒜属种间关系与分类研究

利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对石蒜属及其近缘植物中国水仙共17份样品的生物碱进行检测,以各样品生物碱色谱峰的相对保留时间为变量,采用SPSS12.0中的Q型聚类法,得到树形图。聚类分析结果显示,17份样品聚成3类:第Ⅰ类包括长筒石蒜、安徽石蒜、鹿葱、换锦花、中国石蒜、香石蒜、乳白石蒜、红蓝石蒜8个种;第Ⅱ类由石蒜、稻草石蒜、江苏石蒜、忽地笑、玫瑰石蒜、矮小石蒜组成;中国水仙单独成第Ⅲ类。聚类结果与传统分类结果有较好的一致性,并支持鹿葱、玫瑰石蒜、安徽石蒜杂交起源的观点。外形相似的忽地笑与中国石蒜,矮小石蒜与石蒜HPLC图谱明显有别,表现出较远化学亲缘关系。表明HPLC化学图谱可用于石蒜属及其近缘植物中国水仙的分类和鉴别研究,并为石蒜属植物指纹图谱研究和质量控制提供重要参考。     

中国石蒜属种间亲缘关系ITS序列分析

本文利用核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(ITS)序列对石蒜属13个种(含变种)的亲缘关系进行分析。结果表明,各样品的ITS1长度为259～260bp,ITS2为230bp,分别有多个特异性信息位点。以ITS序列为依据对石蒜属植物亲缘关系进行分析,表明石蒜属13个种可分为三大类,其中类Ⅰ包括中国石蒜、地笑、安徽石蒜和长筒石蒜,核型为M T型;类Ⅱ包括矮小石蒜、换锦花、玫瑰石蒜和红蓝石蒜,核型为ST型;类Ⅲ包括稻草石蒜、乳白石蒜、短蕊石蒜和两种人工杂交种,核型为ST M T。系统进化树与核型分析结果相似,第Ⅲ类可能为自然杂交种。     

石蒜属种间亲缘关系RAPD分析

采用RAPD标记构建了石蒜属Lycoris植物13个种的指纹图谱。从520个随机引物中筛选出清晰且多态性高的41个引物,共产生了350条DNA片段,分子量在0.3-3.0kh之间,其中253条谱带具有遗传多态性,约占72．3％,平均每个引物扩增的DNA片段数为6．2条。采用TFPGA数据分析软件,计算Nei氏相似性系数和遗传距离,建立了UPGMA聚类图。结果表明：石蒜属13个种明显聚为两大类,即具有单型核型结构（I型）,染色体基数为x=11的5个物种：玫瑰石蒜L.rosea,红蓝石蒜.L.haywardii,稻草石蒜L.straminea,换锦花L.sprengeri和石蒜L.radiata聚为一类;具有两型核型结构（V型和I型）8个物种即江苏石蒜L.houdyshelii,乳白石蒜L.albiflora,中国石蒜L.chinensis,长筒石蒜L.longituba,安徽石蒜Lanhuiensis,夏水仙L.squmigera,短蕊石蒜L.caldwellii和忽地笑L.aurea聚为一类。其中玫瑰石蒜和红蓝石蒜的亲缘关系最近,石蒜和忽地笑的亲缘关系较远,与细胞学的研究结果相吻合。通过RAPD分析,对玫瑰石蒜,红蓝石蒜和稻草石蒜是否天然杂交起源以及乳白石蒜,稻草石蒜和江苏石蒜的分类地位进行了探讨。     

基于叶绿体DNA atpB-rbcL区序列探讨石蒜属种间系统发育关系

摘要：为了探讨石蒜属（Lycoris Herb.）的种间系统发育关系,对石蒜属95个材料包括15种、4变种及2个人工杂种的叶绿体 DNA atpB-rbcL间隔区进行了测序,结合花部形态和核型特征,探讨了石蒜属种间系统关系及其可能的杂交起源,结果表明：在系统发育树上亲缘关系近的材料聚在一起,其中矮小石蒜（L. radiata var. pumila）和换锦花（L. sprengeri）与2个人工杂交种（Hybrid 1、Hybrid 2）、麦秆石蒜（L. straminea）、江苏石蒜（L. houdyshelii）、短蕊石蒜（L. caldwellii）和乳白石蒜（L. albiflora）具有密切的亲缘关系。atpB-rbcL序列揭示的石蒜属种间关系与染色体核型的分类结果部分一致,主要表现在具有近端部着丝粒(A)染色体的种与具有中部(M)和端部(T)着丝粒染色体的种各成一支,与形态和染色体分类结果一致;不同之处在于具有中部、端部和近端部着丝粒染色体的种分散在两个主要分支内,进一步验证了具有中部、端部和近端部3种着丝粒类型染色体组的石蒜如麦秆石蒜、江苏石蒜、短蕊石蒜和乳白石蒜等是杂交起源的假设,结合2个人工杂交种分析,揭示了短蕊石蒜和乳白石蒜的近端部着丝粒染色体来源于换锦花;麦秆石蒜和江苏石蒜近端部着丝粒染色体来源于矮小石蒜。     

石蒜属植物叶微形态特征研究

借助显微和扫描电镜技术对石蒜属植物叶表皮微形态特征进行了研究。利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了石蒜属植物的叶表皮,统计并测量了气孔类型、气孔大小、气孔密度及气孔指数等,描述了气孔及气孔外拱盖的有关特征。结果表明：石蒜属植物叶表皮气孔器为无规则型,近轴面表皮细胞形状、气孔器类型、垂周壁式样、气孔大小及气孔外拱盖内缘种间无差异或极小,表明石蒜属植物为一自然分类群。而远轴面表皮细胞形状、气孔密度、气孔指数、气孔是否下陷、气孔外拱盖是否有蜡质纹饰等种间差异较大。根据远轴面叶表皮细胞形状及叶气孔特征,研究表明：换锦花、长筒石蒜和安徽石蒜,夏水仙、乳白石蒜与红蓝石蒜,石蒜与中国石蒜具有较近的亲缘关系。因此,叶微形态特征对探讨石蒜属植物种间亲缘关系具有一定的意义。     

中国原产石蒜属植物的数量分类和主成分分析

应用数量分类学方法对中国原产石蒜属13种2变种的35个性状进行Q、R聚类分析和主成分分析,探讨国产石蒜属植物种间的亲缘关系,并对分类性状进行评价。研究结果显示,Q型聚类可分为2个大类和8小类,安徽石蒜与长筒石蒜的亲缘关系很近,认为将其作为长筒石蒜的变种更为合适,同时支持玫瑰石蒜、红蓝石蒜、乳白石蒜、江苏石蒜、稻草石蒜的杂交起源观点。R型聚类可分为7个组;经主成分分析,35个性状可综合为5个主成分,其累积贡献率达82.55%,根据这5个主成分与性状间的相关性,选出影响比较大的16个性状,其中鳞茎形状、花被片宽和雄蕊长/花被片长的比值最为重要,可作为大类群划分的依据,而花被片是否具条纹、花丝颜色、花色、花葶粗、幼叶尖端及边缘颜色、种子有无等可作为物种划分的重要依据。     

安徽石蒜和中国石蒜染色体核型的分析

一、引言 石蒜属Lycoris Herb.全世界约有20多种,其中已做过细胞染色体计数者计有17种。本文继红蓝石蒜Lycoris haywardii Traub和换锦花L.sprengeri Comes exBaker以及长简石蒜L.longituba Y.Hsu et Fan,玫瑰红石蒜L.rosea Traub etMoldenke,石蒜L.radiata(L′Her.)Herb.和矮小石蒜L.radiata var.pumila Grey(以上均待发表)之后,对安徽石蒜L.anhweiensis Y.Hsu et Fan和中国石蒜L.chinensis Traub的染色体进行计数和核型的描述和分析,旨在为今后探讨石蒜属的核型进化和种系发生提供必要的资料。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.