共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
胜红蓟化感作用研究Ⅵ.气象条件对胜红蓟化感作用的影响 总被引:16,自引:3,他引:16
在田间条件下 ,胜红蓟化感作用与光、温、水等气象要素显著相关 ,有利的光、温、水生长条件使得其化感作用减弱 ,反之增强 .春夏季温度和降水有利胜红蓟的生长 ,其化感作用减弱 ,而秋冬季温度和降水不利胜红蓟生长 ,其化感作用增强 .实验表明 ,30 0 μg·ml-1高浓度胜红蓟挥发油使受试植物不能生长 ,而6 0 μg·ml-1低浓度影响较小 ,在高温、低温和遮光等不利植物生长的条件下 ,低浓度的胜红蓟化感物质对受试植物的抑制效应显著增强 ,显示在不利的生长条件下 ,受试植物对胜红蓟化感物质的抵御能力减弱 .研究表明 ,在不利于胜红蓟及受试植物生长的气象条件下 ,胜红蓟化感作用增强 ,受试植物抵御化感物质的能力降低 ,使得胜红蓟群落中其它植物难以正常生长 ,相应地提高了胜红蓟在自然群落中的竞争优势 .化感作用和光、温、水、气象条件的共同作用是胜红蓟在自然群落中成为优势种群的重要原因之一 . 相似文献
2.
胜红蓟化感作用研究I.水溶物的化感作用及其化感物质分离鉴定 总被引:21,自引:7,他引:21
研究了胜红蓟水溶物对植物的化感作用,结果表明,胜红蓟水溶物溶液浓度在0.25gFW.ml^-1时对所有供试植物的萌发和幼苗生长均有显著的抑制作用,浓度降至0.10gFW.ml^-1时其抑制作用基本消失,胜红蓟不同器官,不同生育期水溶物的化感作用是有差异的,特别是不同生境条件下生长的胜红蓟水物化感作用有显著差异,表明在恶劣生境下胜红蓟的化感作用更为强烈,对胜红蓟水溶物中的化感活性物质进行了分离和分子 相似文献
3.
胜红蓟化感作用研究Ⅱ.主要化感物质的释放途径和活性 总被引:52,自引:15,他引:52
研究了南方重要杂草胜红蓟(Ageratumconyzoides)挥发物质的化感作用.结果表明,胜红蓟鲜叶的挥发物质和挥发油对所有受试植物的幼苗生长有显著的抑制作用.用色谱法鉴定并分离了胜红蓟挥发油的主要成分早熟素Ⅰ和早熟素Ⅱ,两者分别占总量的30.93%和51.61%.胜红蓟水溶物中的早熟素Ⅰ和Ⅱ是从挥发物中而来,挥发是胜红蓟释放化感物质的主要途径.分离纯化的早熟素Ⅰ和Ⅱ的饱和水溶液对萝卜、番茄和黑麦草的幼苗生长均有显著的抑制作用,特别是早熟素Ⅱ具有强烈的化感作用,在25μg·ml-1低浓度下,仍能抑制植物幼苗的生长,但早熟素Ⅰ和Ⅱ的混合溶液对植物的抑制作用并无显著增强,两者之间不存在协同作用. 相似文献
4.
研究了南方重要杂草胜红蓟(Ageratumconyzoides)挥发物质的化感作用。结果表明,胜红蓟鲜叶的挥发物质和挥发油对所有受试植物的幼苗生长有显着的抑制作用。用色谱法鉴定并分离了胜红蓟挥发油的主要成分早熟素Ⅰ和早熟素Ⅱ,两者分别占总量的30.93%和51.61%.胜红蓟水溶物中的早熟素Ⅰ和Ⅱ是从挥发物中而来,挥发是胜红蓟释放化感物质的主要途径。分离纯化的早熟素Ⅰ和Ⅱ的饱和水溶液对萝卜、番茄和黑麦草的幼苗生长均有显着的抑制作用,特别是早熟素Ⅱ具有强烈的化感作用,在25μg·ml-1低浓度下,仍能抑制植物幼苗的生长,但早熟素Ⅰ和Ⅱ的混合溶液对植物的抑制作用并无显着增强,两者之间不存在协同作用。 相似文献
5.
胜红蓟化感作用研究Ⅲ.挥发油对不同营养水平下植物的化感作用 总被引:32,自引:0,他引:32
研究了胜红蓟挥发油对不同营养水平下植物的化感作用.结果表明,随着营养水平的降低,胜红蓟挥发油对受试植物的化感作用明显增强.在胜红蓟挥发油的作用下,受试植物叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量明显降低,过氧化物酶(POD) 活性降低,而质膜相对透性增加,丙二醛( MDA) 含量升高.利用GC/ MS对胜红蓟挥发油的组成和含量进行了分析,共鉴定16 种物质,其中早熟素Ⅱ、早熟素Ⅰ和子丁香烯为主要成分,相对含量分别为36 .85 % 、26 .41 % 和19 .84 % . 相似文献
6.
在田间条件下,胜红蓟挥发油能抑制花生的出苗和生长发育,进一步用高效液相色谱(HPLC)研究证实;胜红蓟挥发油中的主要化感物质胜红蓟素在土壤中的转化与土壤的有机质和营养元素水平显著相关,在高有机质和营养元素水平的土壤中,胜红蓟素先聚合形成二聚体,26d后又解聚成胜红蓟素,然后逐步降解成苯甲酸类,2-甲基丙酸和乙酸等小分子,而在低有机质和营养元素水平的土壤中,胜红蓟素不经过二聚化过程,而是直接降解成小分子,经液质(LC/MS)和核磁共振(NMR)等技术分离鉴定了胜红蓟素二聚体的结构,生物测定表明:胜红蓟素二聚体对花生和黑牧草的生长没有抑制活性。 相似文献
7.
胜红蓟化感作用研究V.挥发油对真菌、昆虫和植物的生物活性及其化学成分 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
胜红蓟挥发油对真菌,昆虫和植物均具有生物活性,对植物致病真菌和害虫的抑制活性尤其显著,挥发油及其主要成分胜红蓟素不仅具有杀虫活性,而且引起昆虫拒食和延迟蜕皮。用GC/MS详细分析了胜红蓟挥发油的化学成分,共鉴定了27个化合物,且红蓟素及其衍生物,单萜和倍半萜类化合物是其主要成分。 相似文献
8.
在田间条件下,胜红蓟化感效应与处理植株的方式和时间显相关。覆盖处理对花生出苗和生长不产生化感抑制效应,而是显示一定的促进效应,翻埋处理对花生出苗和生长都产生显的化感抑制效应,然而覆盖处理30d,翻埋处理10d后再播种花生,花生出苗均受显抑制,两种处理都能减少许多杂草的萌发,但对不同种属杂草萌发的抑制作用有差异。进一步用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术研究证实;覆盖处理条件下,胜红蓟植株直到第14天才向土壤中缓慢释放化感物质胜红蓟素,第30天达到最大值后逐渐减少,而翻埋处理的第2天,植株就向土壤中释放胜红蓟素,第10天达到最大值后缓慢减少,但第26天后土壤中胜红蓟素含量又上升,然后再逐步下降。这些结果显示不同处理条件下,胜红蓟植株对花生和相关杂草的田间化感效应是与胜红蓟植株在不同时间释放的化感物质在土壤中的存在状态和有效作用浓度显相关的。 相似文献
9.
胜红蓟化感作用研究Ⅰ.水溶物的化感作用及其化感物质分离鉴定 总被引:27,自引:0,他引:27
研究了胜红蓟水溶物对植物的化感作用 .结果表明 ,胜红蓟水溶物溶液浓度在0 .2 5gFW·ml- 1 时对所有供试植物的萌发和幼苗生长均有显著的抑制作用 ,浓度降至0 .1 0 gFW·ml- 1 时其抑制作用基本消失 ;胜红蓟不同器官、不同生育期水溶物的化感作用是有差异的 ,特别是不同生境条件下生长的胜红蓟水溶物化感作用有显著差异 ,表明在恶劣生境下胜红蓟的化感作用更为强烈 .对胜红蓟水溶物中的化感活性物质进行分离和分子结构鉴定 ,得到早熟素Ⅰ、早熟素Ⅱ和 5,2 2 二烯 3β 豆甾醇 3个化感化合物 . 相似文献
10.
11.
Aims: To explore the relationship between chemical structures and antimicrobial activities of quaternary ammonium salts (QASs), particularly the impact of hydrophobicity of the salts on the antimicrobial functions. Methods and Results: Four QASs, i.e. 4‐aminododecylpyridinium chloride, 4‐acetylaminododecylpyridinium chloride, 4‐benzoylaminododecylpyridinium bromide and 4‐(1‐naphthoyl) aminododecylpyridinium bromide were employed in antimicrobial tests against both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. These four QASs possess the same long alkyl chain but different hydrophobic substituents at the 4‐amino group. Antimicrobial activity of QASs was measured in liquid phases by growing bacterial cultures in the presence and absence of the QAS. The most hydrophobic compound exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity than other salts. Conclusions: All of the quaternary pyridinium salts exhibited significant antimicrobial activities but in different extents according to their hydrophobicity at the 4‐amino position. QASs having larger hydrophobic groups were significantly more effective than that with smaller groups. Significance and Impact of the Study: This research revealed that hydrophobic and aromatic ring structures at 4‐amino position on quaternary aminopyridinium ring could improve antimicrobial activity of the salts. The results could assist understanding and development of antimicrobial QASs. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(1):84-91
A facile and ecofriendly synthesis of new chromonyl chalcones 3a-b from 3-formylchromone 1 and active methyl compounds 2a-b is reported under thermal solvent-free heating condition in good yields. The chromonyl chalcones 3a-b were used as intermediates under green condition for the synthesis of new bioactive pyrazoline derivatives 4a-f. The compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity by disk diffusion assay with slight modifications against Gram-positive, Gram-negative strains of bacteria as well as fungal strains. The investigation of antimicrobial screening revealed that compounds 3a-b and 4a-f showed antibacterial and antifungal activities. 相似文献
13.
Yanpeng Shi Kai Jiang Ran Zheng Jiaxu Fu Liuqing Yan Qiang Gu Yumin Zhang Feng Lin 《化学与生物多样性》2019,16(3)
Seventeen novel 2,5‐disubstituted benzimidazole derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities. The tested compounds B1 – B4 and C2 – C6 exhibited not only good antifungal activity but also favorable broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity. Also, the lowest MIC of antibacterial and antifungal activity was 2 μg/mL and 4 μg/mL, respectively. It suggested that the structure of compound including the different substituent and its sites directly affected the efficacy of the synthesized compounds. 相似文献
14.
Nagachaitanya Bhagavathula Venkateshwarlu Meedidoddi Simon Bourque Reshmy Vimaladevi Santoshkumar Kesavakurup Dayanandan Selvadurai Sameer Shrivastava Chandrashekara Krishnappa 《Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology》2017,94(4)
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from cuticular extracts of worker ants of Trichomyrmex criniceps (Mayr, Hymenoptera: Formicidae) were isolated and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Eight peptides ranging in mass from 804.42 to 1541.04 Da were characterized using a combination of analytical and bioinformatics approach. All the eight peptides were novel with no similarity to any of the AMPs archived in the Antimicrobial Peptide Database. Two of the eight novel peptides, the smallest and the largest by mass were named Crinicepsin‐1 and Crinicepsin‐2 and were chemically synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis. The two synthetic peptides had antibacterial and weak hemolytic activity. 相似文献
15.
Thirteen new 3‐acetyl‐2,5‐disubstituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoline derivatives were synthesized from corresponding hydrazide‐hydrazones of isonicotinic acid in the reaction with acetic anhydride. The obtained compounds were identified with the use of spectral methods (IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, MS). In vitro antimicrobial activity screening of synthesized compounds against a panel of bacteria and fungi revealed interesting antibacterial and antifungal activity of tested 1,3,4‐oxadiazoline derivatives, which is comparable to that of commonly used antimicrobial agents. 相似文献
16.
Valcilaine T. Barbosa Joyelanne K. C. Souza Valter Alvino Mario R. Meneghetti Pedro P. Florez-Rodriguez Rui E. Moreira Gustavo V. B. Paulino Melissa F. Landell Irinaldo D. Basílio-Júnior Ticiano G. do Nascimento Luciano A. M. Grillo Camila B. Dornelas 《Biotechnology progress》2019,35(6):e2888
Biological methods have been used to synthesize silver nanoparticles through materials such as bacteria, fungi, plants, and propolis due to their reducing properties, stabilizer role and environmentally friendly characteristic. Considering the antimicrobial activity of propolis as well as the broad-spectrum antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles, this study aim to describe the use of Brazilian propolis to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNP-P) and investigate its antimicrobial activity. The synthesis was optimized by factorial design, choosing the best conditions for smaller size particles. AgNP-P demonstrated a maximum absorbance at 412 nm in ultraviolet-visible spectra, which indicated a spherical format and its formation. Dynamic light scattering demonstrated a hydrodynamic size of 109 nm and polydispersity index less than 0.3, showing a good size distribution and stability. After its purification via centrifugation, microscopy analysis corroborates the format and showed the presence of propolis around silver nanoparticle. X-ray diffraction peaks were attributed to the main planes of the metallic silver crystalline structure; meanwhile infrared spectroscopy demonstrated the main groups responsible for silver reduction, represented by ∼22% of AgNP-P indicates by thermal analysis. Our product revealed an important antimicrobial activity indicating a synergism between propolis and silver nanoparticles as expected and promising to be an effective antimicrobial product to be used in infections. 相似文献
17.
Kallappa Mahadevappa Hosamani Harisha Reddy Seetharamareddy Rangappa Sangappa Keri Manohar Shirugumbi Hanamanthagouda Mark G. Moloney 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(5):1095-1100
The efficient and rapid synthesis of 5-nitro-2-aryl substituted-1H-benzimidazole libraries (1a-1j) has been established. Thus, both microwave and conventional cyclo-condensation of 4-nitro ortho-phenylenediamine with various phenoxyacetic acids were carried out in the presence of HCl catalyst. The microwave synthesis route afforded advantages, such as good to excellent yields, shorter reaction time (2.5–3.5?min), readily available starting material, and simple purification procedure, which distinguish the present protocol from other existing methods used for the synthesis of benzimidazole libraries. Bioassay indicated that all the compounds showed in vitro antimicrobial activity against Vancomycin resistant enteroccoccus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus, Bacillus subtilis (gram-positive bacteria) and Shigella dysentery, Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria) and Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium (fungi). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for test compounds as well as for reference standards. 相似文献
18.
Zbigniew Czajgucki Ryszard Andruszkiewicz Wojciech Kamysz 《Journal of peptide science》2006,12(10):653-662
Edeines are pentapeptide amide antibiotics composed of four nonprotein amino acids, glycine, and polyamine. They exhibit antimicrobial and immunosuppressive activities and are universal inhibitors of translation. Moreover, it was proven that the free ionizable carboxy group in the (2R, 6S, 7R)-2,6-diamino-7-hydroxyazelaic acid moiety is not essential for biological activity of these compounds. In this paper we describe the synthesis of four novel edeine A and D analogues in which the above-mentioned acid residue was replaced with the (3R, 4S)- or (3S, 4S)-4,5-diamino-3-hydroxypentanoic acid moiety. In one compound we also introduced into molecule the 3-N,N-dimethyl derivative of (S)-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid to prevent the transpeptidation process, which results in the loss of biological activity of alpha-isomers of edeines. All peptides were synthesized applying the active ester and azide methods and on the basis of the coupling of suitable N-terminal tripeptides with proper C-terminal dipeptide amides. The activities of the newly obtained edeine analogues against selected strains of bacteria and fungi are also presented. 相似文献
19.
Eunjung Lee Jin‐Kyoung Kim Soyoung Shin Ki‐Woong Jeong Juneyoung Lee Dong Gun Lee Jae‐Sam Hwang Yangmee Kim 《Journal of peptide science》2011,17(10):675-682
Protaetiamycine is an insect defensin, derived from the larvae of the beetle Protaetia brevitarsis. In our previous work, we designed 9‐mer peptide analogs of protaetiamycine, including 9Pbw2 (RLWLAIKRR‐NH2), 9Pbw3 (RLWLAIWRR‐NH2), and 9Pbw4 (RLWLAWKRR‐NH2). 9Pbw2 and 9Pbw4 showed high antimicrobial activity without cytotoxicity, while 9Pbw3 with higher hydrophobicity compared to 9Pbw2 and 9Pbw4 showed high cytotoxicity as well as high antimicrobial activity (Shin et al., J. Pept. Sci. 2009; 15: 559–568). In this study, we investigated the anti‐inflammatory activities of 9Pbw2, 9Pbw3, and 9Pbw4 by quantitation of NO production in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that only 9Pbw3 has strong inhibition of NO production, implying that Trp7 as well as optimum level of hydrophobicity may play key roles in the anti‐inflammatory activity of 9Pbw3. In order to design potent anti‐inflammatory peptide with lower cytotoxicity as well as high stability from cleavage by protease compared to 9Pbw3, we synthesized 9Pbw3‐D , the all‐D ‐amino acid analog of 9Pbw3. 9Pbw3‐D showed less cytotoxicity against RAW264.7 cells as well as considerably stronger inhibition of NO production and inflammation‐induced cytokine production in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells than 9Pbw3. 9Pbw3‐D inhibited the gene expression of inflammatory‐induced cytokine significantly more than 9Pbw3 and showed high resistance to proteolytic digestion. Binding of 9Pbw3‐D with LPS caused higher enhancement of the FITC fluorescence as a result of its stronger interaction with LPS compared to that of 9Pbw3 and this result is in good agreement with their anti‐inflammatory activities. 9Pbw3‐D with higher anti‐inflammatory activity as well as lower cytotoxicity against mammalian cell compared to 9Pbw3 can be a potent noncytotoxic antibiotic candidates. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
采用硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、HPLC等分离方法对金针菇大米发酵乙酸乙酯提取物进行分离,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物结构:鉴定了4个倍半萜,包括1个新的桉叶烷型倍半萜,3个侧柏烷型倍半萜,分别是flamvelutpenol A(1),aquaticol(2),enokipodin C(3),limacellone(4)。并通过与Rh2(OCOCF3)4络合的方法确定了新化合物flamvelutpenol A(1)和limacellone(4)的绝对构型。其中化合物3具有较好的抗菌活性,对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的MIC值分别为12.5mg/L,25mg/L。且化合物1-4均是首次从该种真菌中分离得到。 相似文献