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1.
昆虫核酸分子系统学研究进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
黄原  袁锋 《昆虫分类学报》1995,17(3):180-184
本文从研究对象、方法、类群、内容等方面综述了近十年来昆虫核酸分子系统学研究进展概况。文中首先介绍了RFLPA、探针杂交及DNA指纹、PCR与RAPD-PCR、顺序分析方法及应用情况,列举了在双翅目、膜翅目、同翅目、直翅目等目昆虫中的研究进展,并从居群遗传结构、分类学研究、系统发育和分子进化4个方面总结了昆虫核酸分子系统学的研究内容和主要成果,最后指出RAPD-PCR与RFLP联合用于测序是近期昆虫分子系统学上最有应用价值的方法。  相似文献   

2.
DNA分子系统学在爬行动物中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
爬行动物因其在脊椎动物中具有承上启下的作用,对其进行系统学研究,了解它们的进化关系显得尤为重要。本文DNA杂交、DNA指纹、RFLP、RAPD及测序等五个方面对爬行动物的DNA分子系统学研究工作进行了综述,对其中的一些问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

3.
在人补体系统30多种成分中,约有一半左右的分子中含有某种共的有结构序列。目前已翻,这些基序有SCR(CCP),TSR,EGF前体,LDL-R,FIM,SP区等。在补体分子中,有的只含有一种基序,如RCA分子只含有SCR,P分子中只含有TSR;有的含有多种基序,如C6,C7,C8及C9等。  相似文献   

4.
PCR-SSCP技术在基因点突变检测中的几种策略王吉伟,罗赛群(湖南医科大学分子生物学研究中心,长沙410078)关键词PCR-SSCP,点突变检测基因点突变的检测对于分子种群生物学的研究、遗传性疾病预测及分子水平的临床诊断等颇具实用价值。在众多的测...  相似文献   

5.
本文综述M-CSFR家族受体M-CSFR、Kit、PDGFR等与其相应配基M-CSF、SCF及PDGF等相结合的区域的研究进展;讨论了该家族受体的二聚化区域;关提及K-受体的结合方法-Scatchard分析。  相似文献   

6.
分子遗传标记技术在蜻蜓目昆虫研究中的应用   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
张大治  郑哲民 《昆虫知识》2005,42(2):123-127
分子生物学技术应用于昆虫系统学研究在近些年发展相当迅速。目前已出现了几十种分子遗传标记。该文简述了酯酶同工酶电泳、核酸序列分析以及AFLP、RAPD、核酸探针等分子生物学技术在蜻蜓目昆虫研究中的应用情况。  相似文献   

7.
DNA分子标记在柑桔中的应用   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
黄卫  罗玉萍 《生物技术》2002,12(1):34-36
DNA分子标记是最为理想的遗传标记 ,依其多态性检出所用的分子生物学技术 ,大致可分为Southem杂交技术为核心的分子标记和PCR技术为核心的分子标记。前者的代表性技术有RELP(restrictionfragmentlengthpolymorphism)和DNA指纹技术 (DNAfingerprintingtechniques)。后者的代表性技术有RAPD(randomamplifiedpolymorphicDNA)、SCAR(sequencecharac teristicamplifiedregion)…  相似文献   

8.
拟南芥:植物分子生物学研究的模式物种   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
陈璋 《植物学通报》1994,11(1):6-11
拟南芥:植物分子生物学研究的模式物种陈璋(福建省花卉研究中心福州350002)ARABIDOPSISTHALIANAASAMODELSPECIESFORPLANTMOLECULARBIOLOGYSTUDIES¥ChenZhang(FujianProu...  相似文献   

9.
RAPD技术及其在微生物学方面的应用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
198 0年 ,Botsein提出DNA限制性片段长度多态性 (RFLP)可以作为遗传标记 ,从此开创了直接应用DNA多态的新阶段。 80年代后 ,DNA多聚酶链式反应 (PCR)的发展 ,使直接扩增DNA的多态性成为可能 ,并在此基础上产生了许多种新型分子标记 ,诸如扩增片段多态性 (ALFR)、串联重复序列(VNTR)、单链构型多态性 (PCR SSCP)、序列特异扩增区域 (SCAR)、随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)等。而RAPD是较为突出的一种。RAPD是由Williams和Welsh在 1 990年各自独立发现的一种DNA多态检…  相似文献   

10.
两种食性研究方法在海南坡鹿食性研究中的比较   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
宋延龄 《兽类学报》1997,17(2):151-154
两种食性研究方法在海南坡鹿食性研究中的比较COMPARISONOFDIRECTANDINDIRECTOBSERVATIONMETHODSINTHEFOODHABITSTUDYOFHAINANELD′SDEER从生境中获得食物是野生动物与其生境之间最...  相似文献   

11.
被子植物起源和早期演化研究的回顾与展望   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
近年来,被子植物起源和早期演化研究,由于手段和技术的更新,资料大量积累,取得了许多重要进展,成为植物学领域的一大热点。本文对过去近五十年的研究作了回顾,并从分子系统学、分支系统学、花原基发生的形态学、花发育的分子遗传学及白垩纪花和其它生殖结构化石研究等五个方面对该领域在最近十几年的研究进展进行综述,最后,对今后如何开展这方面的工作作了简要评论。  相似文献   

12.
Abstract. Impressive progress has been made recently in the systematics of holometabolous insects. Nevertheless, important questions remain controversial, and uncertainties concerning the relationships of major lineages may even have increased. New analytical techniques have been developed and an immense wealth of molecular data has accumulated. Although no decisive breakthrough has yet been achieved, recent analyses of large molecular datasets have contributed greatly to the reconstruction of the phylogeny of several holometabolous lineages. Extensive combined analyses with substantial morphological datasets and molecular data comprising several genes (‘total evidence’) are still required for a well‐founded phylogenetic hypothesis for the entire group. Endopterygota monophyly is supported mainly by the specific and derived mode of development, which may be considered as a new evolutionary level within Hexapoda. The basal branching pattern remains controversial. A division into two large clades comprising Coleoptera (+ Strepsiptera?) + Neuropterida, on the one hand, and Hymenoptera + [Amphiesmenoptera + Antliophora (including Strepsiptera?)], on the other, appears plausible. Alternative hypotheses have been proposed based on wing characters and molecular data. The position of Strepsiptera remains unsolved. Mecoptera almost certainly is not monophyletic, as Siphonaptera are probably sister to Boreidae. Immense progress has been made in the reconstruction of the intraordinal relationships of all orders, thanks to increasing studies based on combined datasets. Common efforts of morphologists and molecular systematists probably will lead to further rapid progress. Several discoveries of new higher ranking taxa during recent years have revealed that large‐scale habitat destruction will not only have disastrous effects on global biodiversity, but also on the study of insect phylogeny and evolution.  相似文献   

13.
As is the case with most other organisms, studies of amphibians started with systematics as the basis for many other biological fields, but systematics itself has endured a slower progress than other fields of biology have enjoyed for a long time. Nevertheless, philosophical and methodological 'revolutions' in the past 30 years, combined with more recent progress in biochemical and molecular techniques, have been forcing current systematics into a great change. Stejneger's (1907) monumental book, the first thorough review of amphibians from Japan and adjacent regions, was published nearly a century ago, and since then, the increase in number of areas that have been closely surveyed, together with the application of new theories and methods, have greatly enlarged our knowledge of the amphibian fauna in this region. For example, extensive experiments by the Hiroshima School using artificial hybridization techniques greatly contributed to our understandings of relationships among some groups of amphibians that had been taxonomically confusing. In addition to this, new species discovered by more detailed field surveys in a wider area and cryptic species revealed by analyses of isozymes and acoustic properties have made for a great increment in the number of taxa in this region. Further, analyses of DNA sequences now enable us to infer the affinities of taxa with few phylogenetically informative phenotypic properties, and the resultant phylogenetic hypotheses further contribute to our understandings of biogeography and many other issues on amphibian evolution. From these advances, it has been clarified that the amphibian species diversity is far greater than was previously expected, which in turn means a high endemism within particular regions. It is expected that future studies will also reveal exact systematic relationships of wide-ranging species, both those occurring within this region and those extending outside of it. For that purpose, international and interdisciplinary studies are indispensable. But what is also necessary is to conserve amphibian populations so that they will not disappear before their true relationships are realized. Knowledge of systematics among young amphibian biologists is also a matter of high priority.  相似文献   

14.
蕨类植物的起源演化:对"古老"类群的重新审视   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李春香  王怿  孙晓燕 《生命科学》2007,19(2):245-249
一般认为,蕨类植物是一群非常古老的植物,其演化历史可以追溯到4亿多年前。近十几年来,由于多种研究手段的应用,特别是分子系统学的异军突起,在蕨类植物起源演化方面取得了重要进展,使我们可以重新审视这一古老植物类群的演化历史。本文与传统观点相对比,简述了蕨类植物在分类范畴、起源演化及其重要类群间的系统演化关系方面的最新进展。  相似文献   

15.
分子系统学研究进展   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14       下载免费PDF全文
分子系统学 ( molecular systematics)是近 30年发展起来的一门综合性前沿学科 ,它在分子水平上对生物进行遗传多样性、分类、系统发育和进化等方面的研究 ,其研究结果对于保护生物多样性 (尤其是遗传多样性 ) ,揭示生物进化历程及机理具有十分重要的意义。1 分子系统学的定义及发展简史分子系统学是通过检测生物大分子包含的遗传信息 ,定量描述、分析这些信息在分类、系统发育和进化上的意义 ,从而在分子水平上解释生物的多样性、系统发育及进化规律的一门学科。它以分子生物学、系统学、遗传学、分类学和进化论为理论基础 ,以分子生物学…  相似文献   

16.
Our understanding of insect development and evolution has increased greatly due to recent advances in the comparative developmental approach. Modern developmental biology techniques such as in situ hybridization and molecular analysis of developmentally important genes and gene families have greatly facilitated these advances. The role of the comparative developmental approach in insect systematics is explored in this paper and we suggest two important applications of the approach to insect systematics--character dissection and morphological landmarking. Existing morphological characters can be dissected into their genetic and molecular components in some cases and this will lead to more and richer character information in systematic studies. Character landmarking will he essential to systematic studies for clarifying structures such as shapes or convergences, which are previously hard to analyze anatomical regions. Both approaches will aid greatly in expanding our understanding of homology in particular, and insect development in general.  相似文献   

17.
热激蛋白(Hsp)在生殖过程中有着至关重要的作用。近年来,Hsp在昆虫生殖相关功能与机制研究方面取得了重要进展。基于此,本文主要就Hsp在昆虫精子发生和精子保护、卵成熟和卵子保护、生殖应答以及衰老进化机制等方面的研究进展进行了综述,旨在为进一步深入研究Hsp与昆虫生殖的关系提供参考,并为害虫防治和益虫利用提供新思路。  相似文献   

18.
China has a large land area with highly diverse topography, climate and vegetation, and animal resources and is ranked eighth in the world and first in the Northern Hemisphere on richness of biodiversity. Even though little work on molecular evolution had been reported a decade ago, studies on both the evolution of macromolecules and the molecular phylogeny have become active in China in recent years. This review highlights some of the interesting and important developments in molecular evolution study in China. Chinese scientists have made significant contribution on the methods inferring phylogeny and biogeography of animals and plants in East Asia using molecular data. Studies on population and conservation genetics of animals and plants, such as Golden monkey and Chinese sturgeon, provided useful information for conserving the endangered species. East and South Asia has been demonstrated to be one of the centres of domestication. Origin and evolution of genes and gene families have been explored, which shed new insight on the genetic mechanism of adaptation. In the genomic era, Chinese researchers also made a transition from single-gene to a genomic investigation approach. Considering the fact that amazing progress has been made in the past few years, and more and more talented young scientists are entering field, the future of molecular evolution study in China holds much promise.  相似文献   

19.
杨祝良 《菌物学报》2020,39(9):1611-1616
分子生物学技术与真菌系统学的有机融合,为真菌分类和系统发育研究带来了革命性的变化。最近20年来,真菌学家们建立了大量的新目、新科、新属和新种,掀开了真菌多样性及其起源进化研究的新纪元,但很多重要的系统发育问题仍没有解决,特别是大量目间、科间的亲缘关系并不清楚。细分是真菌系统学的主流趋势,野生食用菌和毒蘑菇的分类也是如此,近年涌现了越来越多的新分类单元,如在2010-2019年的10年间,中国发表大型真菌(含地衣)新种1 240余个。本专刊收载的15篇论文是对我国野生食用菌和毒蘑菇研究工作的部分总结,对真菌资源利用、毒蘑菇中毒预防与治疗具有较重要的科学意义和应用价值。  相似文献   

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