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穿山甲 ,掘洞住洞中 ,挖洞之深 ,可以穿山 ,故名。明代 ,李时珍的《本草纲目》中称穿山甲为“鲮鲤” ,原因是它形态像鲤 ,表面有鳞片 ,所以就叫鲮鲤 ,今以鲮鲤为它的学名。分类学上 ,它属于哺乳纲 ,鳞甲目 ,穿山甲科。穿山甲在全世界共有 7种 ,三种分布在亚洲 ,4种分布在非洲 ;我国产有二种 ,一种比较常见 ,叫“中国穿山甲” ,另一种是印度穿山甲。穿山甲分布在大沙漠以南至南部、亚洲及其附近岛屿 ,包括印度、斯里兰卡、中国南方及台湾和海南省、马来半岛、苏门答拉、爪哇、巴厘、加里曼丹、巴拉望等地。它们栖息在森林中的浓密灌木丛或山… 相似文献
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中国穿山甲和马来穿山甲头骨量度的测定及比较 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
全球共有7种穿山甲。本文报道的是中国穿山甲和马来穿山甲的头骨形态学资料,涉及头骨特征描述和一些形态学指标测定。被测定的指标主要有颅全长、基底长、腭长、眶间宽、后头宽、鼻骨长、鼻骨宽、脑颅高、听泡长和下颌长,并且在这两个物种之间进行了比较。结果表明,(1)这两个物种头骨形态十分相似,但马来穿山甲头骨细长,听泡长小于10mm(n=12),鼻骨狭长,前后部宽窄相似,两鼻骨外侧缘内凹或平行,鼻骨宽长之比值小于0 3000(0 2025~0 2811,n=12);而中国穿山甲头骨较粗短,听泡长大于11mm(n=46),鼻骨宽短,后部较前端宽,外侧缘外凸,鼻骨宽长之比值大于0 3000(0 3154~0 5325,n=33)。这些异同之处,可以作为区分这两个物种的依据。(2)中国穿山甲华南亚种与海南亚种头骨各变量之间的差异不显著(P>0 05),用颅全长是否大于83mm来区分这两个亚种不能成立,但海南亚种头骨上颌骨的颧突和鳞骨的颧突通常越过眶颞窝完全相接触,如果不是这样,则在它们之间有一个小的骨质棒状结构将它们连接起来。 相似文献
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中国蜘蛛生态学研究概况 总被引:20,自引:3,他引:20
简要综述我国蜘蛛生态学研究,包括生态因子的研究;蜘蛛种群研究:蜘蛛群落及其多样性研究;蜘蛛的捕食以及运用血清学方法研究以及蜘蛛的生物学特性及生活史研究。 相似文献
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科学合理地制订濒危动物保护行动计划需要进行种群现状评估。问卷调查是基于受访者的乡土生态学知识的了解,用于广泛收集濒危动物种群现状评估数据的一种方法,具有经济、实用、快速的特点。本文基于濒危动物种群现状快速评估的需要,以极度濒危动物中华穿山甲Manis pentadactyla为例开发调查问卷。问卷由基本信息、引导语、受访者意愿、受访者动物辨别能力、受访者信息、补充问题和种群评估问题组成,其中设计了17个与种群评估有关的问题,包含地理分布、种群数量、栖息地分布、动物受胁因素、栖息地受胁因素、保护教育和社会经济状况。此问卷及问卷设计的思路与原则,能为其他濒危动物调查问卷的开发提供参考。 相似文献
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穿山甲(Manispentadactyla)为国家Ⅱ级保护动物,主要分布于长江以南各省区的丘陵山地。由于穿山甲被视为滋补和药用珍品,又无有效的保护措施,遭到乱捕滥猎;加上山地林木被砍伐,使穿山甲的衍生地不断减少,目前各地区穿山甲资源都面临绝境。因此,研究穿山甲的繁衍已十分必要和迫切。近年来,许多学者进行过人工养殖的研究(顾文仪,1983;梁庭敏,1996),但迄今均没有完全成功的先例,其中关键的因素是穿山甲的人工食物难以解决。配制的人工混合饲料,往往造成穿山甲拒食或不适应,患胃肠疾病死亡。因此,… 相似文献
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栽培植物的分子生态学研究概况 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在全球变化的压力下和人类对自然生态系统的过分干扰下 ,许多物种面临灭绝或严重基因流失的威胁。直接或间接为人类提供食物 ,与人类紧密联系 ,人类赖以生存的栽培植物及其野生种只有几千种 ,它们也同样面临着遗传资源丢失的严重问题。如果这些问题不能引起重视 ,即使现存的物种多样性具有巨大的满足人类需要的潜力 ,人类未来也将难以预料。这一严峻的事实已引起全球性的重视 ,植物遗传资源的研究与保护已经提上了议事日程。由 IBPGR和 IUCN- WWF合作 ,Hoyt起草出版的《作物野生亲缘种的保护》为世界农作物遗传资源保护提供了行动指南… 相似文献
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为持续加强热带森林生态学科技工作者之间的相互了解、促进学术交流与合作。2016年8月12—14日在海口举行了以\"做实生态学基础,服务美丽热区建设\"为主题的第七届热带森林生态学学术研讨会,有18位生态学领域的研究者做了学术报告,报告内容涵盖了热带森林生态服务功能评估、热带森林生态系统物质与能量的循环、环境对热带森林物质能量循环的影响、海南岛植物区系与海南岛的起源、热带植物种类资源调查分析、热带生态资源资产核算、热带人工林生态及科学发展、以及热带森林生态学野外观测技术等。 相似文献
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为探讨生态学最新前沿和进展,加强青年生态学科技工作者之间的交流与合作。 2015年11月28-30日在海南大学举行了以“加强合作研究,服务地方发展”为主题的2015年海南省生态学会青年科技工作者学术研讨会,有22位生态学领域的科技工作者做了大会报告,内容涵盖了森林生态系统固碳功能、热带云雾林群落生态学、动物寄生行为生态、道路生态、热带植物的分布与进化、生物多样性、生态恢复、环境生态承载力、生态友好行社区建设模式、生态系统生理学、海洋生态风险评估等。 相似文献
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微卫星标记在穿山甲个体识别中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在对非法走私和捕杀穿山甲的犯罪案件研究中,所涉及的穿山甲个体数量是量刑的重要依据,然而对于一些穿山甲鳞片、肉块及其深加工产品,从形态学上却无法进行个体识别。微卫星标记已证实是一种用于动物个体识别的可靠的遗传标记。本研究从已发表的34对穿山甲微卫星引物中筛选出6对多态性较高的引物,用于穿山甲鳞片的个体识别。结果表明:6个位点的观测值杂合度(Ho)为0.653-0.234;期望值杂合度(He)为0.926-0.861;MJA03的PIC最高(0.918),MJA13的PIC最低(0.852),平均PIC为0.884。单个座位的个体识别能力在0.826-0.956之间,累积个体识别能力为99.9999%,表明采用的6个位点适用于国内穿山甲走私案中的个体识别。 相似文献
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Labrador, Canada is the last relatively undeveloped landmass of Boreal and subarctic Canada. Its land area is over 288,000 km2, with less than 1% developed, and a human population of below 30,000. Labrador is greater than 60% forest- and woodland-covered
and over 30% tundra, soil and rock barrens. We review the ecology and distribution of forests, woodlands, and related vegetation
of Labrador within the context of climate, forest site index, landform, soils, and disturbance. Recent ecosystem management
through a public planning process with emphasis on past and future comanagement and development with traditional and western
scientific principles is currently underway. Plant–animal interactions, traditional uses by aboriginal groups, and early history
are also reviewed. 相似文献
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穿山甲是一种常用作传统中药的珍稀动物,由于人为的滥捕,穿山甲已成为一种濒危动物.开展穿山甲的人工饲养,扩大物种繁殖和保护,已成为保护穿山甲资源的有效途径.本文通过对穿山甲生活习性和人工繁养的多年研究,总结制定出一整套优质高产养殖技术规范化操作规程:场地的选择与建造、种苗来源、饲料调配、饲养管理、日常管理、疾病防治和出栏时间等,以利于进一步快速有效地扩大穿山甲资源. 相似文献
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Liushuai Hua Shiping Gong Fumin Wang Weiye Li Yan Ge Xiaonan Li Fanghui Hou 《ZooKeys》2015,(507):99-114
Pangolins are unique placental mammals with eight species existing in the world, which have adapted to a highly specialized diet of ants and termites, and are of significance in the control of forest termite disaster. Besides their ecological value, pangolins are extremely important economic animals with the value as medicine and food. At present, illegal hunting and habitat destruction have drastically decreased the wild population of pangolins, pushing them to the edge of extinction. Captive breeding is an important way to protect these species, but because of pangolin’s specialized behaviors and high dependence on natural ecosystem, there still exist many technical barriers to successful captive breeding programs. In this paper, based on the literatures and our practical experience, we reviewed the status and existing problems in captive breeding of pangolins, including four aspects, the naturalistic habitat, dietary husbandry, reproduction and disease control. Some recommendations are presented for effective captive breeding and protection of pangolins. 相似文献
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A brief review is provided in some advances in understanding the ecology of pike Esox lucius Linnaeus over the last 10 years. Based on long-term studies and manipulative, often short-term experiments (laboratory, field and mesocosms) several established theories have been supported, as well as new concepts developed. Despite their wide distribution pike show low levels of polymorphism and divergence indicative of a recent common ancestral population. Recent genetic studies, however, indicate a single refugium in North America compared to several refugia in Europe. Pike are found in rivers, lakes and weakly saline waters. Variables such as growth and mortality are mainly affected by factors such as temperature, water transparency, productivity, availability of prey and density of pike and other predators. In choice of habitat pike have been shown to support the ideal free-distribution theory. The importance of macrophyte habitat in the life history of pike has been reconfirmed and pike have been shown to be flexible in response to water clarity. Pike are extremely ‘plastic’ in choice of prey types, prey size and in response to prey behaviour (e.g. they are unaffected by shoal size). Predation by pike not only affects abundance and biomass of prey (including younger and smaller pike through cannibalism which plays a major role in population dynamics, other fishes and invertebrates) but also evolution and adaptation of their morphology (in particular body shape) and behaviours. There appears to be no relationship between stock and recruitment. Recruitment is influenced by several abiotic factors in lakes and rivers. Pike play a major role in structuring freshwater communities and have been used in stocking programmes to improve water quality (biomanipulation). Many new concepts have been developed in pike behaviour in maximizing these stocking programmes both in biomanipulation and fisheries management. Despite many recent advances in understanding the ecology of pike, particularly at the individual level, developments in quantifying and modelling the role of pike as a top predator in large ecosystems have been limited, probably due to the difficulties of sampling natural populations. Guest editors: J. M. Farrell, C. Skov, M. Mingelbier, T. Margenau & J. E. Cooper International Pike Symposium: Merging Knowledge of Ecology, Biology, and Management for a Circumpolar Species 相似文献