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1.
香蕉不同组织中总RNA的有效分离   总被引:12,自引:4,他引:8  
从植物组织中提取总RNA是进行植物分子生物学某些方面研究的必要前提。如进行Northem杂交分析,纯化mRNA以用于体外翻译或建立cDNA文库,RT-PCR及差示分析等分子生物学实验,都需要高质量的总RNA。因此,从植物组织中提取高质量的总RNA是顺利进行上述研究的关键所在。目前常用于植物材料RNA提取的方法有脱法[1~4]苯酚法[5,6]和CTAB[7,8]法等。这些方法对于提取某些植物的总RNA是有效的,但对另外一些植物来说,却并不一定是好的方法。因为不同植物组织的细胞内外成分复杂多变,在使…  相似文献   

2.
双链RNA技术在植物病毒研究中的应用   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
含RNA基因组的植物病毒在复制时会产生双链RNA(dsRNA)。本文介绍了用CF--11纤维素粉提取dsRNA的步骤,并列举了dsRNA在植物病毒研究中的应用,其主要应用有(1)用于检测植物病毒;(2)用于病毒株系分化;(3)用于病毒卫星RNA及亚基因组RNA研究;(4)用于侵染性测定及病毒基因组功能研究等。  相似文献   

3.
植物抗病毒基因工程育种策略及其进展   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
简要讨论了近年来植物抗病毒基因工程育种策略。这些策略包括利用植物自身的抗病毒基因;利用病毒宙蛋白基因、动物蛋白基因、复制酶基因、卫星RNA、反义链RNA和缺陷干扰型RNA;利用抗体基因、核酶和干扰素。并以各种策略的抗病毒机理及其在农业生产上的应用前景进行了讨论。  相似文献   

4.
RNA地位上升     
人们长期认为核糖核酸 (RNA)在细胞中只传递信息和氨基酸 ,但最近因它的多功能而令人瞩目。自 1995年表明小分子RNA能够关闭一种线虫中的基因 ,与植物中已知的“基因沉默”(genesilence)相似 ,分子生物学家即认识到基因功能研究将因“RNA干扰”(RNAinterference ,RNAi)而得益 ,对RNA的兴趣飙升。 2 0 0 1年他们发现RNAi也能在鼠和人的细胞中阻遏基因的活性。小分子RNA起着重要的生物作用 ,从DNA序列分析已知线虫和果蝇中有几十个 ,大肠杆菌有数百个 ,鼠脑组织更多。在线虫和果蝇中 ,这…  相似文献   

5.
果实成熟的基因工程研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
乙烯是催化果实成熟的内源植物激素。本文简要介绍用植物基因工程的手段分离和鉴定出乙烯合成和果实成熟有关的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、ACC氧化酶、ACC合酶及ACC脱氨酶的基因。并利用反意RNA技术将它们的反意RNA转入番茄中,得到了相应的反意转基因植株和果实,实现了在基因水平上对果实成熟的调控,开辟了植物育种的新途径。  相似文献   

6.
发夹核酶的研究与应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
核酶 (ribozyme)是既能特异识别又能特异切割小分子RNA的核酸内切酶 ,其本身也是RNA ,主要包括发夹核酶、锤头核酶、丁肝病毒、链孢霉属VS和铅依赖性RNA ,共同特点是可逆地切割底物RNA的磷酸二酯键 ,生成 5′ OH和 2′ ,3′ 环磷酸末端。虽然催化产物相似 ,但它们的结构和催化机制却是很不相同的。发夹核酶 (hairpinribozyme)发现于三种不同植物RNA病毒 ,即烟草环点病毒 (tobac coringspotvirus) ,菊苣黄色斑点病毒型 (chico ryyellowmottlevirust…  相似文献   

7.
蝶兰胚珠发育过程中总RNA、Poly+RNA和PolyA-RNA的变化张宪省,马小杰,阎先喜,邢树平(山东农业大学基础部,泰安271018)近年来随着植物分子生物学理论和技术的发展,人们已将分子生物学技术应用于研究植物的生殖。目前已在基因调控花的分化...  相似文献   

8.
反义RNA调控的不同方式   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
宫明  宫锋 《生命的化学》1996,16(4):17-18
反义RNA调控的不同方式宫明,宫锋(山东大学微生物系,济南250100)关键词反义RNA,调控方式反义RNA最早发现于原核生物,但是1986年Williams发现真核细胞中也存在天然反义RNA。不同的反义RNA其功能和作用方式不尽相同,它们控制着噬菌...  相似文献   

9.
同时抽提DNA和RNA的简便方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
同时抽提DNA和RNA的简便方法刘定干(中国科学院上海生物化学研究所,200031)关键词DNARNA抽提在研究工作中,常同时需要培养细胞的DNA和RNA,从同一样品中同时提取DNA和RNA。目前,已有好几种同时抽提DNA和RNA的方法[1~4]。作...  相似文献   

10.
AGPC法是一种快速、简便、有效的RNA提取方法。参照该法自新生大鼠脑组织中提取出总RNA,进一步通过oligo(dT)-纤维素亲和层析分离获得poly(A) ̄+RNA。当poly(A) ̄+RNA或总RNA经显微注射法进入非洲爪蟾卵母细胞后,其翻译系统能够利用外源mRNA合成具有催化活性的胆碱酯酶。表达的胆碱酯酶大部分分泌到卵母细胞培养液中。在一定范围内,mRNA的注射量与胆碱酯酶的表达量成正比。所合成的胆碱酯酶活性可被毒扁豆碱和S-(2-二异丙基氨乙基)甲基硫赶膦酸乙酯(VX)抑制。  相似文献   

11.
Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.  相似文献   

12.
张淑梅  李微  李丁男 《生物多样性》2022,30(6):22038-192
为给辽宁植物多样性保护提供本底数据, 更准确地评价植物濒危及保护等级, 以及更好地给农学、林学、生态学、系统学等研究提供可靠的基础性数据, 本文首次将几代人在辽宁境内发现的高等植物进行汇总、编目, 包括苔藓植物和维管束植物。苔藓植物根据正式发表的文献和中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所东北生物标本馆(IFP)馆藏采自辽宁省全域的苔藓植物标本编制。维管束植物主要根据5个方面的信息整理: 作者多年野外调查的一手资料、文献、同行交流、公众提供信息、标本等。编目内容包括辽宁省高等植物总名录、辽宁省栽培植物名录、辽宁省外来植物名录、辽宁省仅有栽培植物的科属目录、辽宁省仅有外来植物的科属目录; 编目中涉及的物种均有科属地位、中文名、拉丁名、生境、产地(县级), 总名录中附有每个物种的信息凭证, 包括标本信息、文献信息或照片依据。本编目共计收录植物254科1,176属3,241种73亚种447变种119变型。其中, 苔藓植物为辽宁地区首次披露名录信息, 计83科205属491种4亚种7变种(含藓类52科156属373种1亚种5变种, 苔类29科46属114种3亚种2变种, 角苔类2科3属4种)。维管束植物虽非首次披露名录信息, 但与以往发布的维管束植物名录相比, 本次收录的种类数最多, 计171科971属2,750种69亚种440变种119变型(含石松类植物2科3属13种, 蕨类植物17科39属83种2亚种7变种, 裸子植物5科19属47种1亚种13变种2变型, 被子植物147科910属2,607种66亚种420变种117变型)。经统计, 辽宁省所有苔藓植物均为本土野生植物。维管束植物中, 野生植物计149科741属2,077种62亚种378变种93变型(含石松类植物2科3属13种, 蕨类植物17科39属83种2亚种7变种, 裸子植物4科8属12种6变种1变型, 被子植物145科133属1,969种60亚种365变种92变型), 栽培植物计104科390属673种7亚种62变种26变型(含裸子植物5科17属35种1亚种7变种1变型, 被子植物99科373属638种6亚种55变种25变型); 本土植物计158科796属2,235种65亚种421变种116变型(含石松类植物2科3属13种, 蕨类植物17科39属83种2亚种7变种, 裸子植物5科14属29种12变种2变型, 被子植物134科740属2,110种63亚种402变种114变型), 外来植物计88科316属515种4亚种19变种3变型(含裸子植物3科10属18种1亚种1变种, 被子植物85科306属497种3亚种18变种3变型)。本编目仅是辽宁省高等植物的阶段性汇总, 尚需要根据野外工作的拓展和研究工作的深入不断完善。  相似文献   

13.
Forest ecosystems are enormously important to mankind.They not only supply wood,foods,medicines,waxes,oils,gums,resins and tannins,but they also regulate climate, hydrology,mineral cycling,soil erosion,and cleansing of air and water.A variety of natural and human-induced environmental stresses have both beneficial and harmful effects on forest ecosystems.However,human-induced stresses are much more harmful than naturally induced disturbances.Human-induced stresses,which often are catastrophic although avoidable,include defor estation,fire,pollution,flooding,and soil compaction.Such stresses variously injure woody plants,impede vegetative and reproductive growth,and induce mortality,largely by causing physiological dysfunction in plants.Human-induced environmental stresses have led to decimation of forest ecosystems,loss of biodiversity,forest declines,and potential global warming. Short-rotation plantations,especially in the tropics,are increasing rapidly,largely to produce wood quickly.Plantations also stabilize soil,prevent water runoff,provide shelter from wind and heat,and relieve pressure for exploiting natural forests.However,plantations alone are unlikely to satisfy society 's growing needs for the products and services that can be provided by woody plant ecosystems.Hence,several multiple concurrent strategies are urgently needed to lessen the many destructive effects of human-induced environmental stresses on woody plants.These include not only the expansion of plantations but also of agroferestry systems and forest reserves as well as the development of innovative silvicultural techniques with a focus on the preservation of natural forests.Conserving sustainability of natural forests will require a land ethic as prelude to understanding the functioning of forest ecosystems,ecological and physiological impacts of disturbances on ecosystems,and the processes involved in recovery of disturbed ecosystems. Many of the harmful effects of pollution,fire,flooding,and soil compaction can be abated by judicious planning to create and perpetuate the critical components of forest stand structure and species composition.Strategies for continuous production of the products and services that can be supplied by woody plants will need to be reinforced by expanded long-term research and close cooperation among forest biologists,social scientists,economists,and regulatory government agencies.  相似文献   

14.
Leccinum scabrum sporocarps and associated topsoils from two areas in Poland have been characterized for contents and bioconcentration potential of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn. Topsoil and fruitbody element composition varied between the two study sites, most likely as a result of local soil geochemistry. Element content of the labile fraction in topsoil from both sites followed the ‘pseudo‐total’ fraction and median values (mg kg?1 dry matter) were: K 380 and 340, Mg 760 and 840, P 1100 and 920, Al 3800 and 8100, Ag 0.31 and 0.28, Ba 28 and 37, Ca 920 and 790, Cd 0.23 and 0.23, Co 2.0 and 1.7, Cu 3.2 and 3.6, Fe 2800 and 6300, Mn 280 and 180, Na 99 and 110, Ni 7.8 and 8.8, Pb 12 and 18, Rb 1.3 and 2.1, Sr 4.8 and 4.0 and Zn 22 and 19, respectively. Only for some elements such as K, Mg, Al, Ag, Ca, Co, Mn, Na, Ni, Sr and Zn we found concentration differences between the two study sites for the caps of sporocarps. With the exception of Al, Mn, Na and Pb, stipes showed a similar tendency. Caps had a higher concentration of K, Rb, P, Mg, Al, Ag, Cu, Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni compared to stipes, while Na, Ba and Sr contents were higher in stipes. The comparison of soil and fruitbody concentrations indicates that L. scabrum bioconcentrate some elements while others are bioexcluded.  相似文献   

15.
There is a need for the identification and selection of specific tree genotypes that can sequester elements from contaminated soils, with elevated rates of uptake. We irrigated Populus (DN17, DN182, DN34, NM2, NM6) and Salix (94003, 94012, S287, S566, SX61) genotypes planted in large soil-filled containers with landfill leachate or municipal water and tested for differences in inorganic element concentrations (P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, B, Mn, Fe, Cu, Al, Na, and Cl) in the leaves, stems, and roots. Trees were irrigated with leachate or water during the final 12 wk of the 18-wk study. Genotype-specific uptake existed. For genera, tissue concentrations exhibited four responses. First, Populus had the greatest uptake of P, K, S, Cu, and Cl. Second, Salix exhibited the greatest uptake of Zn, B, Fe, and Al. Third, Salix had greater concentrations of Ca and Mg in leaves, while Populus had greater concentrations in stems and roots. Fourth, Populus had greater concentrations of Mn and Na in leaves and stems, while Salix had greater concentrations in roots. Populus deltoides x P. nigra clones exhibited better overall phytoremediation than the P. nigra x P. maximowiczii genotypes tested. Phytoremediation for S. purpurea clones 94003 and 94012 was generally less than for other Salix genotypes. Overall, concentrations of elements in the leaves, stems, and roots corroborated those in the plant-sciences literature. Uptake was dependent upon the specific genotype for most elements. Our results corroborated the need for further testing and selecting of specific clones for various phytoremediation needs, while providing a baseline for future researchers developing additional studies and resource managers conducting on-site remediation.  相似文献   

16.
A total of 44, 40, 47, 51, and 58 barley samples for feed use were collected randomly after the 1987, 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1992 crops, respectively, from farms located in an area of southwest Germany. The sum of precipitation from May to September was high in 1987 and markedly lower in 1989–1992. Deoxynivalenol, 3-. and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenon-X, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin and diacetxyscirpenol were determined by gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC-MS), zearalenone,α- and β-zearalenol by GC-MS or by HPLC. Deoxynivalenol was the major toxin with incidences at 71–98% and mean contents at 42–400 μg/kg. In contrast, incidences of zearalenone, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, nivalenol, HT-2 toxin, and T-2 toxin were at 7–68, 7–48, 11–41, 0–9, and 2–29%, respectively; with mean contents at 3–146 μg/kg. α- and β-zearalenol and diacetoxyscirpenol were not detected in any sample. 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and fusarenon-X were assayed in samples from 1987, 1991 and 1992. 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol was detected in 30, 0 and 2% of samples, respectively, with an average content of positive samples at 8 and 4 μg/kg, fusarenon-X was not detected. Over the years, incidences and levels of toxins remained constant, decreased or increased. The correlation between the occurrence of toxins and level of precipitation is discussed. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

17.
We present the spontaneous pathological lesions identified as a result of necropsy or biopsy for 245 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) over a 35‐year period. A review of the pathology database was performed for all diagnoses on chimpanzees from 1980 to 2014. All morphologic diagnoses, associated system, organ, etiology, and demographic information were reviewed and analyzed. Cardiomyopathy was the most frequent lesion observed followed by hemosiderosis, hyperplasia, nematodiasis, edema, and hemorrhage. The most frequently affected systems were the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, urogenital, respiratory, and lymphatic/hematopoietic systems. The most common etiology was undetermined, followed by degenerative, physiologic, neoplastic, parasitic, and bacterial. Perinatal and infant animals were mostly affected by physiologic etiologies and chimpanzee‐induced trauma. Bacterial and physiologic etiologies were more common in juvenile animals. Degenerative and physiologic (and neoplastic in geriatric animals) etiologies predominated in adult, middle aged, and geriatric chimpanzees.  相似文献   

18.
81 wild forms and 110 cultivated cowpea,Vigna unguiculata, accessions from 21 countries of Africa were screened for variability in seed storage proteins. Total seed proteins, albumin and globulin fractions were investigated by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and isoelectric focusing (IEF) of nonreduced and/or reduced samples in one- and two-dimensional procedures. The globulin fraction is heterogeneous in molecular weight and contains both legumin-like components and three to six nondisulfide-linked subunits. Three globulin subunits, with molecular weights 110, 76, and 41 kD were found to be composed of disulfide-linked polypeptides. In the nondisulfide-linked fraction, both cultivated and wild forms exhibited patterns of four types (A–D). This fraction contains polypeptide subunits of molecular weights 62, 56, and 52 kD for A type, 62, 56, 54, and 52 kD for B type, 62, 56, 52, and 50 kD for C type, and at least 62, 56, 54, 52, 50, and 49 kD for D type. These subunits present similar multiple charge forms but C and D types possess more basic specific 50 and 49 kD nondisulfide linked components. Major albumin fraction contains subunits of 94, 86, 32, and 24kD. No infraspecific variation was observed in albumin or legumin-like fractions. The discussion is focussed on the relations between genetic variability assessed by storage protein coding genes and phenotypic variability.  相似文献   

19.
Extracellular (EC) adenosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and inosine concentrations were monitored in vivo in the striatum during steady state, 15 min of complete brain ischemia, and 4 h of reflow and compared with purine and nucleotide levels in the tissue. Ischemia was induced by three-vessel occlusion combined with hypotension (50 mm Hg) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. EC purines were sampled by microdialysis, and tissue adenine nucleotides and purine catabolites were extracted from the in situ frozen brain at the end of the experiment. ATP, ADP, and AMP were analyzed with enzymatic fluorometric techniques, and adenosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and inosine with a modified HPLC system. Ischemia depleted tissue ATP, whereas AMP, adenosine, hypoxanthine, and inosine accumulated. In parallel, adenosine, hypoxanthine, and inosine levels increased in the EC compartment. Adenosine reached an EC concentration of 40 microM after 15 min of ischemia. Levels of tissue nucleotides and purines normalized on reflow. However, xanthine levels increased transiently (sevenfold). In the EC compartment, adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine contents normalized slowly on reflow, whereas the xanthine content increased. The high EC levels of adenosine during ischemia may turn off spontaneous neuronal firing, counteract excitotoxicity, and inhibit ischemic calcium uptake, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.  相似文献   

20.
Selected trace metals were analyzed in human malignant and nonmalignant (benign) breast tissue samples by the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. In malignant tissues, dominant mean concentrations were revealed by Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Al at 927, 552, 231, 61.7, 36.5, 18.3, and 8.94 microg/g, respectively, while the mean metal levels in benign tissues were 903, 435, 183, 63.3, 24.7, 14.5, and 10.1 microg/g, respectively. Average concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, K, Ca, and Zn were noted to be significantly higher in the malignant tissues compared with the benign tissues. Significantly strong correlations (r > 0.50) in malignant tissues were observed between Mn and Co, Mn and Cd, Cd and Cr, Fe and Mn, Cd and Co, Fe and Co, Mg and Pb, Cd and Fe, Mg and Ni, Pb and Ni, Ni and Sr, and Fe and Pb, whereas, Cd and Co, Cd and Mn, Co and Mg, Co and Mn, Cu and Mn, Co and Ni, Mg and Ni, Cd and Cu, Cd and Ni, Ca and Mg, Mn and Pb, Cu and Ni, Fe and Ni, Cd and Mg, Co and Cu, Cr and Na, and Cd and Cr revealed strong and significant relationships in benign tissues at p < 0.001. Principal component analysis of the metals data yielded six principal components for malignant tissues and five principal components for benign tissues, with considerably different loadings, duly supported by cluster analysis. The study revealed a considerably different pattern of distribution and mutual correlations of trace metals in the breast tissues of benign and cancerous patients.  相似文献   

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