脆性组氨酸三联体突变体在 DNA 损伤应答中的作用机制

目的:用建立的稳定表达脆性组氨酸三联体(Fhit)突变体的细胞株,研究 Fhit 与复制蛋白 A(RPA)之间的相互作用对细胞在 DNA 损伤后的影响.方法:用电离辐射或 DNA 损伤诱导剂喜树碱处理稳定表达 Fhit 突变体的阳性细胞株 HeLa-FhitA/D/F 后,通过流式细胞技术、MTT 比色法及克隆形成实验,检测这些细胞系的细胞周期变化情况以及对 DNA 损伤诱导剂的敏感性.结果:DNA 损伤诱导剂处理后,Fhit 突变体基的高表达可以使细胞表现出更强的G2期阻滞及对 DNA 损伤诱导剂更耐受.结论:Fhit 与 RPA 相互作用的改变影响了细胞对 DNA 损伤诱导剂的耐受性,为阐明 Fhit 在维持基组完整性方面的机理提供了线索.     

肿瘤睾丸抗原CT45-5基因小干扰RNA表达载体的构建及干扰效果鉴定

目的:构建肿瘤睾丸抗原CT45家族中5号成员基因(CT45-5)的小干扰RNA(siRNA),并检测其对HeLa及HeLa/Fhit细胞内源性CT45-5基因及外源脆性组氨酸三联体(Fhit)基因表达的干扰效果。方法:根据CT45-5基因序列,通过生物信息学方法对靶向CT45-5基因的siRNA进行预测,从中筛选出2对合理的CT45-5-siRNA,将其克隆到siRNA表达载体pSilencer 2.1-U6 Hygro中,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,挑取阳性克隆进行测序鉴定;将构建的CT45-5-siRNA重组载体转染人宫颈癌细胞HeLa及HeLa/Fhit细胞,Western印迹检测siRNA对HeLa及HeLa/Fhit细胞内源性CT45-5及外源Fhit基因表达的干扰效果。结果:构建了2个CT45-5-siRNA重组质粒,其中一条对CT45-5基因具有明显的干扰作用,并且Fhit基因表达也被抑制。结论:构建的CT45-5-siRNA为与CT45-5功能相关的基因研究奠定了基础。     

稳定表达人Fhit突变体细胞系的建立

目的:构建人脆性组氨酸三联体(Fhit)突变体真核表达载体并建立稳定表达人Fhit突变体的细胞株,以便进一步研究Fhit与复制蛋白A(RPA)在体内的相互作用。方法:将3种人Fhit突变体cDNA克隆至带有HA标签的真核表达载体pREP10上,构建人Fhit突变体真核表达载体,转染HeLa细胞,经潮霉素B加压筛选阳性克隆,用Western印迹鉴定稳定表达Fhit突变体蛋白FhitA、FhitD和FhitF的阳性细胞株。结果:经PCR鉴定及序列分析,Fhit突变体基因真核表达载体pREP10/FhitA/D/F-HA构建正确,转染人HeLa细胞,筛选出Fhit突变体表达较高的细胞株。结论:建立了3株稳定表达Fhit突变体的细胞株HeLa-FhitA/D/F,为研究Fhit与RPA的相互作用在DNA损伤应答中发挥的作用奠定了基础。     

LINC00261/miR-182-5p/PFN1对乙肝病毒相关性肝细胞癌HepG2.2.5细胞放疗抵抗的影响

[目的]探讨LINC00261调控miR-182-5p/PFN1轴对乙型肝炎病毒相关性肝细胞癌HepG2.2.15细胞放疗抵抗的作用机制。[方法]用1 Gy的X射线处理HepG2.2.15细胞得放疗抵抗细胞HepG2.2.15/R,RT-qPCR检测LINC00261和miR-182-5p表达,Western Blot检测PFN1的表达,CCK-8检测细胞增殖活力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,彗星实验检测DNA损伤情况;双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-182-5p和LINC00261或PFN1的靶向关系。[结果]LINC00261在HepG2.2.15细胞中低表达(P<0.01),且在其放疗抵抗细胞HepG2.2.15/R中表达更低(P<0.01)。过表达LINC00261抑制HepG2.2.15/R细胞增殖(P<0.01),诱导细胞凋亡(P<0.05)和DNA双链断裂(P<0.01);6 Gy X射线处理可上调过表达LINC00261对HepG2.2.15/R细胞凋亡(P<0.05)和DNA损伤的促进作用(P<0.01)。双荧光素酶报告基因实验证实miR-182-5p与LINC00261或PFN1的靶向关系。过表达LINC00261或过表达PFN1可下调过表达miR-182-5p对HepG2.2.15/R细胞增殖的促进作用(P<0.05)以及对凋亡和DNA损伤的抑制作用(P<0.05)。[结论]过表达LINC00261靶向下调miR-182-5p,促进PFN1表达,促进HepG2.2.15细胞放疗抵抗。     

小鼠衰老对不同组织中亚精胺的影响

目的:本研究以模式小鼠C57BL为对象,研究小鼠在衰老过程中不同组织器官内源性亚精胺含量的变化。方法:利用高效液相色谱检测小鼠心脏和肝脏组织中亚精胺含量,进一步应用qRT-PCR以及Western blot检测在衰老过程中,不同组织器官中亚精胺生物合成途径的关键基因表达变化,利用亚精胺处理细胞检测DNA损伤应答能力。结果:随着衰老的发生心脏(199.09±17.12)和肝脏组织(168.92±5.12)中亚精胺含量显著降低,分别为78.01±13.52、62.05±6.73,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同组织器官中亚精胺生物合成途径的关键基因Odc、Srm、Amd1的表达随衰老的发生明显下调,并且伴随着DNA损伤应答障碍;利用亚精胺处理细胞,能够增强细胞对DNA损伤的应答反应。结论:衰老的小鼠中内源性亚精胺含量降低,并且其合成途径的关键基因转录水平降低,导致细胞对DNA损伤应答能力减弱,从而加速机体衰老进程。     

阿霉素诱导下的肝癌细胞HepG2中微小RNA差异表达分析

旨在研究阿霉素诱导引起的DNA损伤压力下,肝癌细胞Hep G2中参与DNA损伤应答的mi RNA,并分析这些mi RNA靶基因参与肝癌DNA损伤应答相关的生物学进程与通路。通过小RNA测序检测阿霉素处理肝癌细胞Hep G2前后mi RNA的差异表达情况,使用GO与KEGG通路富集方法对差异表达mi RNA靶基因进行功能富集分析。结果显示,共检测出显著表达差异mi RNA 68个,其中上调13个,下调55个。mi RNA靶基因的功能分析结果显示,53条mi RNAs靶基因显著富集于调控细胞增殖、细胞凋亡、细胞迁移和细胞周期等与DNA损伤应答以及肿瘤相关的生物进程和信号通路,包括p53信号通路、癌症通路、Wnt信号通路和MAPK信号通路等。研究表明,在阿霉素诱导下,Hep G2中的差异表达mi RNAs与DNA损伤相关的肿瘤生物学进程以及信号通路显著相关,预示这些mi RNAs在阿霉素引发的肝细胞癌DNA损伤应答中起着重要的作用。     

下调SMU1表达对细胞增殖和DNA双链断裂损伤反应的影响

SMU1是一个与细胞基因组复制和RNA剪切过程相关的新基因。该研究为进一步调查SMU1对细胞增殖及DNA双链断裂（DNAdouble—strand breaks,DNADSBs）损伤应答的影响,设计合成针对SMU1基因的小分子siRNA,并与对照siRNA（scramblel分别转染HEK293T或U2OS细胞。通过免疫印迹（Westernblot）检测证实,siSMU1转染细胞中SMU1的表达显著下降,采用台盼蓝染色细胞计数检测显示,SMU1表达下调显著降低细胞增殖能力。免疫荧光和免疫印迹法检测结果表明,SMU1表达下调显著增加细胞内源性DSBs损伤（7H2AXfoci和蛋白水平均升高）;而进一步用X-ray处理细胞造成外源性DSBs损伤后,SMUI沉默细胞显示出延长的DSBs损伤修复动力学（减缓的γH2AXfoci和蛋白水平消退）。以上结果提示,SMU1在细胞DSBs损伤修复反应中扮演重要角色,积极参与细胞基因纽完整性的维持。     

PCNA 泛素化对Hela 细胞苯并芘损伤敏感性的影响

目的:观察PCNA泛素化修饰对Hela细胞损伤敏感性的影响。方法:Western blot法检测His-PCNA及His-mutant PCNA(mPCNA,K164R)在Hela细胞中的表达。DNA损伤剂苯并芘(BaP)和依托泊苷(VP-16)分别处理Hela细胞后,MTT法检测不同细胞系对DNA损伤药物的敏感性;Western blot法检测细胞PCNA的泛素化修饰。结果:Western blot结果显示His-PCNA和His-mPCNA在Hela细胞中稳定高表达。MTT结果显示,苯并芘损伤后,稳定高表达mPCNA的细胞系与野生型及高表达PCNA细胞系相比,其细胞存活率呈明显下降趋势,而VP-16作用后,三种细胞存活率无明显差异。Western blot结果显示苯并芘损伤可特异性诱导PCNA发生泛素化修饰。结论:苯并芘损伤能够诱导PCNA发生泛素化修饰,从而降低Hela细胞对苯并芘损伤的敏感性。     

DNA聚合酶iota在HEK-293细胞中高表达体系的建立

目的:将带有DNA聚合酶iota(DNA Polymerase iota,Polι)目的基因的真核表达质粒PCDNA3.1转入HEK-293细胞,建立DNA聚合酶iota在HEK-293细胞中的高表达体系,为进一步研究DNA聚合酶在DNA损伤修复中的生物学功能奠定了基础.方法:用脂质体2000(Lipofectamine2000)将带有目的基因的真核表达质粒PCDNA3.1转入HEK-293细胞,通过G418筛选抗性克隆,用一步法提取细胞总RNA,采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术检测出高表达克隆.结果:通过G418筛选筛选出了具有G418抗性的克隆,通过RT-PCR技术检测出高表达DNA聚合酶iota的HEK-293细胞系.结论:建立了高表达DNA聚合酶iota的HEK-293细胞系.为进一步研究DNA聚合酶在DNA损伤修复中的生物学功能奠定了基础.     

采用蛋白质组学技术筛选鼻咽癌细胞的甲基化沉默基因

为筛选鼻咽癌的甲基化沉默基因,采用二维凝胶电泳(2-DE)技术分离甲基转移酶抑制剂5-杂氮-2'-脱氧胞苷(5-aza-2-dC)处理与未处理鼻咽癌细胞5-8F的蛋白质,PDquest图像分析软件识别差异蛋白质点,基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)鉴定差异蛋白质.然后采用Western blotting和RT-PCR检测差异蛋白质nm23-H1在药物处理与未处理5.8F细胞中的表达水平,采用甲基化特异性PCR(MS-PCR)检测nm23-H1基因在药物处理与未处理5-8F细胞中的甲基化水平.建立了5-aza-2-dC处理与未处理5.8F细胞蛋白质的2-DE图谱,识别了49个差异表达的蛋白质点,鉴定了33个差异表达的蛋白质,其中包括rim23.H1在内的15个蛋白质在5-aza-2-dC处理后的5-8F细胞中表达上调,而18个蛋白质表达下调.Western blotting和RT-PCR结果显示,nm23-H1在5-aza-2-dC处理5-8F细胞后表达上调,MS-PCR结果显示,在5-aza-2-dC处理5-8F细胞后nm23-H1基因甲基化水平下降,结果证实,nm23-H1基因是5-8F细胞中的甲基化沉默基因.15个5-aza.2-dC处理后表达上调的基因可能是5-8F细胞中的甲基化沉默基因,为筛选鼻咽癌甲基化失活基因提供了科学依据.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.