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1.
几个中国大麦属物种叶绿体psbL和psbJ基因序列分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
对8份来源于中国和2份来自国外的不同大麦属物种或亚种叶绿体基因组psbL~psbJ区进行了序列测定.结果表明,10份大麦属材料的psbL~psbJ区序列长度均为365bp,且无变异位点.同时,将大麦属psbL~psbJ区序列与已报道的黑麦(Secale cereale L.)、小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)、水稻(Oryza sativa L.)和玉米(Zea mays L.)的相同序列比较,发现所有物种的psbL基因序列长度均为117bp,且无核酸变异位点;psbJ基因序列长度均为123bp,共检测到6个核酸变异位点.除水稻外,所有物种psbL和psbJ基因间区长度均为125bp,水稻psbL和psbJ基因间区为126bp.在psbL和psbJ基因间区,除水稻具有1个插入位点外,还发现8个核酸变异位点.psbL~psbJ区揭示的大麦属物种、黑麦、小麦、水稻和玉米的遗传分化距离变化范围为0.0055~0.0426.以玉米为外类群,采用邻接法进行系统发育关系分析发现,同属于小麦族的大麦属植物、黑麦和小麦间亲缘关系较近,而水稻与玉米则相对较近.  相似文献   

2.
大仓鼠的核型与B染色体研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用骨髓细胞染色体制片法,对分布于山东济南、泰山、东北长白山和陕西西安的大仓鼠的染色体组型、G-带、C-带和银染核型进行了分析研究。济南、西安和长白山的标本的二倍体数目和核型相似,2n=28,22t+4m+XY(st,m)。泰山标本的二倍体数目为2n=28~29,即在675%的中期相中多出了一条形态最小的端着丝粒染色体,这条染色体为B染色体,可能起源于X染色体。泰山标本的A染色体组与上述3地标本相同。4地标本的G-带、C-带和银染核型相似。除B染色体外,每个端着丝粒染色体都具有着丝粒异染色质,AgNORs较恒定地出现在Nos2,4,8,9,13染色体上。也就是说大仓鼠的B染色体为C-带阴性,不携带核仁组织者。这种B染色体C-带阴性的特征在赤狐、黑家鼠和大林姬鼠朝鲜亚种中亦有报道。  相似文献   

3.
大蹄蝠的核型分析   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
研究了大蹄蝠的核型、C-带和Ag-NORs。大蹄蝠的染色体数目是2n=32,NF=60,No.8染色体上有一明显的次缢痕,大蹄蝠有丰富的结构异染色质,主要以着丝粒带的形式存在;且有若干对染色体部分或全部异染色质化;一对Ag-NORs稳定地出现于No.8染色体。  相似文献   

4.
披碱草属与大麦属系统关系的研究   总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23  
禾本科中,披碱草属Elymus L.为多倍体属,约含150余种;大麦属Hordeum L.具二倍体和多倍体,约有40余种,该两属均广泛地分布于全球温带地区。该两属,尤其是披碱草属的系统分类较为困难。基于形态学的传统研究认为这两个属的系统关系较远,而细胞学研究的资料却表明,披碱草属的H染色体组起源于大麦属。笔者对来源不同的披碱草属和大麦属的物种进行了远缘杂交,并对其属间杂种F1的减数分裂中期I染色体配对行为进行了分析。结果表明,若以披碱草属作母本,该两属有相对较高的杂交亲合力,通过对杂种幼胚进行分割和离体培养,也能获得杂种F1植株。属间杂种植株的形态介于双亲之间,但更接近于披碱草属,杂种的生殖器官发育不健全,而且所有的杂种F1均完全不育。细胞学的观察结果表明,这两个属间的杂种F1通常具有较低的减数分裂中期I染色体配对数,但有较大的变异。通过笔者的工作及掌握的形态学和细胞学的资料分析认为:披碱草属和大麦属的亲缘关系较为复杂,不能一概而论。含H染色体组的披碱草属和大麦属物种有着较近的亲缘关系,但这两个属中所含的H染色体组已产生了程度不同的分化;不含H染色体组的披碱草属及大麦属的物种具有较远的亲缘关系。  相似文献   

5.
玉米8个栽培亚种(类型)的核型和C—带带型的比较研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
本文首次报道了玉米8个亚种、2个亚型和2个杂交品种的核型和Giemsa C-带带型。所有材料的根尖细胞染色体数目均为2n=20。主要由中部和亚中部着丝点染色体组成。第6染色体短臂均具随体,但大小不同。所有材料均显示有亚端带和端带,在第6染色体的短臂上显示有NOR或/和随体带。C-带的分布、总数目和总长度各不相同。其总带数变异于6至18之间,C-带总长度为5.65—11.40%之间。在核型中,具中部着丝点的染色体数目及C-带总数,罕见栽培或原始的类型通常多于广泛栽培的类型。此外,有关核型和C-帝的变异和进化也进行了简略的讨论。  相似文献   

6.
黄芪复合体(豆科)核型研究补充材料   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
朱相云   《广西植物》1996,16(1):61-63
本文首次报道了民和黄芪的染色体数目及核型。发现该种与黄芪复合体其它类群的染色体数目相同,但核型有别,其核型公式为2n=16=8m(2SAT)+8sm。这种核型变异与它的形态变异一致。在黄芪复合体内,每一类群的染色体至少具1对随体,且附着在最后1对染色体的短臂上(除蒙古黄芪具2对随体外),而Toh(1971)报道采自Kyungi和Mt.Harla膜荚黄芪和高山膜荚黄芪(新拟)的染色体不具随体,可能观察有误。  相似文献   

7.
采用常规的白细胞培养技术及BSGC-带技术分析了白豚的核型、C-带核型。结果是:白豚的染色体数目2n=44,其核型由12条中部着丝点染色体、18条亚中部着丝点染色体、4条亚端部着丝点染色体、8条端部着丝点染色体和2条性染色体所组成。染色体臂数(NF)雌性为76,雄性为75。C-带异染色质呈现出很深的着色区,主要分布在染色体臂上,着丝点区则几乎没有。C-带异染色质的量约为总染色质量的12%。这一结果表明白豚与海生豚类的核型、C-带核型有较明显的相似性。  相似文献   

8.
大绒鼠的分带核型研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文采用G带、C带和银染核仁组织者(Ag-NORs)等技术,对大绒鼠(Eothe nomys miletus miletus)的核型进行观察分析。结果表明:2n=56,常染色体和性染色体皆为单臂染色体。X染色体的长度接近于No.1染色体,Y染色体的长度相当于14号染色体。G分带可鉴别每对染色体的特征,C-带核型中全部着丝点C带均显示不同程度的阳性。Y染色体整条呈阳性。Ag-NORs有5对,分别分布于1、2、6、14和27号染色体的着丝粒附近。通过核型分析,对大绒鼠的分类地位进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   

9.
凹缘大蠊核型的初步探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘yu  刘应伯 《生物学杂志》1990,(3):19-21,23
蜚蠊.俗称蟑螂.属直翅目蜚蠊科,是一种常见的医学昆虫,分布遍及全球达4千种以上,我国有168种.室内常见的较少,约5-6.凹缘大蠊(Perilaneta emarganita)为其中之一.其生活史及生殖习性国内外均有报道,但其细胞遗传学方面的内容,目前尚未见报道.本文对凹缘大蠊的染色体核型进行了初步分析,其雄性核型为2n=27,雌性核型为2n=28.  相似文献   

10.
竹叶吉祥草(鸭跖草科)的核型研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
杨亲二  罗毅波  洪德元   《广西植物》1994,14(2):170-173
本文对鸭跖草科的竹叶吉祥草(Spatholirionlongifolium(Gagnep.)Dunn)进行了染色体研究.其染色体大型,数目为2n=20;核型公式为2n=4sm+14st+2t(sat).为首次报道。这支持了竹叶吉祥草属和竹叶子属是两个亲缘关系较近,但同时又是两个分明不同的属的观点。  相似文献   

11.
山羊草属核型分析及其与小麦属的进化关系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
作者研究了山羊草属(Aegilops)中的新疆节节麦(Ae.squarrosa)、拟斯卑尔脱山羊草(Ae.speltoides)、沙融山羊草(Ae.sharonensis)、尾状山羊草(Ae.caudata)、卵圆山羊草(Ae.ovata)、偏凸山车草(Ae.ventricosa),钩状山羊草(Ae.triuncialis)、三芒山羊草(Me.triaristata)、欧山羊草(Ae.biuncialis)、柱穗山羊草(Ae.cylindrica)、可兹山羊草(Ae.kotschyi)和肥厚山羊草(Ae.crassa)的核型和部分材料的Giemsa N-带,结果表明山羊草属的C组核型为:4sm+3st;D组核型为:6m+1sm;S组的核型为:6m+1sm;M组的核型为:4m+1sm+2t。在四倍体、六倍体中,各染色体组保持着相对稳定。山羊草属S、D染色体组的核型与带型表明它们是小麦B、D染色体组的可能供体,C、M染色体组的一部分染色体带型亦与小麦B组带型相似。  相似文献   

12.
A total of 52 reciprocal translocations and 9 pericentric inversions were induced and identified in both standard and cytologically marked barley karyotypes using gamma-rays as the clastogenic agent. An analysis based upon Giemsa N-banding patterns and arm length measurements of the reconstructed chromosomes enabled a rather precise cytological localization of intra- and interchange breakpoints. This analysis was significantly facilitated and improved, especially for the identification of pericentric inversions, when the reconstructed karyotype T-1586 was used as starting material. The majority, if not all, of the aberration breakpoints proved to be localized in interband regions or in medial and terminal parts of the chromosomes, i.e., in regions which are deficient in constitutive heterochromatin. A great number of the structural mutations produced in this study contain specific cytological markers covering nearly all of the chromosomes of barley karyotype. This material might be of considerable interest in solving various problems of barley cytogenetics and chromosome engineering and especially in constructing a physical map of barley genome.  相似文献   

13.
  总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Karyotype analyses based on staining by acetocarmine followed by Giemsa N-banding of somatic metaphase chromosomes of Hordeum vulgare L. were carried out on 61 reciprocal translocations induced by X-irradiation. By means of computer-based karyotype analyses all of the 122 breakpoints could be localized to defined sites or segments distributed over the seven barley chromosomes. The pre-definition of translocations with respect to their rearranged chromosome arms from other studies rendered it possible to define the break positions even in translocations having exchanged segments equal in size and the breakpoints located distally to any Giemsa band or other cytological marker. The breakpoints were found to be non-randomly spaced along the chromosomes and their arms. All breaks but one occurred in interband regions of the chromosomes, and none of the breaks was located directly within a centromere. However, short and long chromosome arms recombined at random. An improved tester set of translocations depicting the known break positions of most distal location is presented.  相似文献   

14.
Absract  The physical locations of the 5S and 18S-25S rDNA sequences were examined in nine wild Hordeum species and cytotypes by double-target in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labelled 5S rDNA and biotin-labelled 18S-25S rDNA as probes. H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum (2n=2x=14; I-genome) had a similar composition of 5S and 18S-25S rDNA to cultivated barley (H. vulgare ssp. vulgare, I-genome), with two major 18S-25S rDNA sites and minor sites on four of the other five chromosomes; three chromosomes had 5S rDNA sites. The closely related H. bulbosum (2x; also I-genome) showed only one pair of 5S rDNA sites and one pair of 18S-25S rDNA sites on different chromosomes. Four wild diploid species, H. marinum (X-genome), H. glaucum and H. murinum (Y-genomes) and H. chilense (H-genome), differed in the number (2–3 pairs), location, and relative order of 5S and the one or two major 18S-25S rDNA sites, but no minor 18S-25S rDNA sites were observed. H. murinum 4x had three chromosome pairs carrying 5S rDNA, while the diploid had only a single pair. Two other tetraploid species, H. brachyantherum 4x and H. brevisubulatum 4x (both considered to have H-type genomes), had minor 18S-25S rDNA sites, as well as the major sites. Unusual double 5S rDNA sites – two sites on one chromosome arm separated by a short distance – were found in the American H-genome species, H. chilense and H. brachyantherum 4x. The results indicate that the species H. brachyantherum 4x and H. brevisubulatum 4x have a complex evolutionary history, probably involving the multiplication of minor rDNA sites (as in H. vulgare sensu lato), or the incorporation of both I and H types of genome. The rDNA markers are useful for an investigation of chromosome evolution and phylogeny. Received: 9 February 1998 / Accepted: 14 July 1998  相似文献   

15.
    
A plant chromosome image analysis CHROM. HUK software system has been developed in the light of the theory of image analysis and recognition and applied in karyotype automated analysis of Xizang wild barley (Hordeum agriocrithon Aberg var. nigrum) and Cupressus gigantea Cheng et L. K. Fu. The main features of automated analysis include the pre-processing of chromosome image, determinating peak-valley threshold of chromosome, separation of overlapping chromosome, evaluation of centre line of chromosome,limit erotion recognition of position of centromere and second constric, extraction of characterictic parameters of chromosome and karyotype analysis. The vast amount of data obtained could be stored, operated and used for further statistical analysis. According to the estimation in the 95% confidence interval and the tree type sort, the chromosome were paired and sorted. In the meantime, a karyogram and an idiogram of karyotype were generated automatically through computerization.  相似文献   

16.
西藏野生大麦染色体N带带型的图象纹理自动分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
应用图象自动分析和纹理识别的原理,建立了染色体带型自动分析软件系统对西藏野竹黑稃大麦带带型进行了计算机自动分析,准确,快速地获得染色体的带型图和带型模式图。  相似文献   

17.
对新疆独尾草属(Eremurus)植物的核型进行了研究。核型公式如下:阿尔泰独尾草[E.altaicus(Pall.)Stev.]2n=2x=14=4m+8sm+2st;异翅独尾草[E.anisopterus(Kar.et Kit)Regel]2n=4x=28=4m+4sm+20st;粗柄独尾草[E.inderiensis (M.Bieb)Regel]2n=2x=14=10sm+4st,首次发现古尔班通古特沙漠南缘所产的异翅独尾草2n=4x=28,与前人报道其为二倍体2n=2x=14的结果不一致。  相似文献   

18.
    
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19.
木兰科属间核型比较   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
本文对我国原始木本被子植物木兰科中的木兰属Magnolia、木莲属Manglietia、含笑属Michelia、合果木属Paramichelia、观光木属Tsoongioderdron、拟单性木兰属Parakmeria、鹅掌楸属Liriodendron、华盖木属Manglietiastrum 8属代表种的核型进行了研究。各属代表种的核型公式如下:夜合Magnoliacoco 32m+4sm+2st(2SAT);灰木莲Manglieatia glauca 32m+4sm+2st(2SAT);合果木Paramicheliabaillonii 34m(2SAT)+2sm+2st(2SAT);观光木Tsoongiodendron odorum 32m+6sn(2SAT);拟单性木兰Parakmeria omeiensis 56m+16sm+4st(2SAT);鹅掌楸Liriodendron chinense 32+4sm(2SAT)+2st(2SAT);华盖木Manglietiastrum sinicum 28m+4sm+6st(6SAT);白兰 Michelia alba 34m+4sm(2SAT)。作者对木兰科核型进化问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

20.
国产磨芋属的染色体核型报道(Ⅱ)   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
龙春林  顾志建  李恒   《广西植物》1989,9(4):317-321
本文报道了磨芋属(Amorphophallus Blume)三个种(其中包括两个最近发现的新种)的染色体数目和核型,其核型公式分别是: 1.结节磨芋 K(2n)=2x=26=20m(2SAT)+6sm; 2.疣柄磨芋 K(2n)=2x=28=2M+16m+8sm+2st; 3.矮磨芋 K(2n)=2x=26=20m+4sm+2st; 本文还在报道磨芋(A.konjac)两个居群的核型的基础上,提出不同居群磨芋的核型存在一定异;并比较了矮磨芋和磨芋两个居群的核型,从核型上分析了它们之间可能的关系。  相似文献   

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