短期整体身心调节法的全身皮肤电导反应规律

目的：探讨短期整体身心调节法练习者的全身皮肤电导反应特点。方法：采用单因素完全随机实验设计,将68名在校大学生分为整体身心调节组和放松组,分别进行为期10天的整体身心调节训练和经典的肌肉放松训练,并于训练前和训练结束后,测试两组学生身体7个分支的皮肤电导反应。结果：训练前,大学生前3支皮肤电导反应大于后4支;训练10天后,与训练前相比,整体身心调节动I练组第1、2支皮肤电导反应显著减小,7个分支的皮肤电导反应出现均衡的规律;放松训练组学生身体7个分支皮肤电导反应变化不显著。结论：短期整体身心调节法形成了全身皮肤电导反应的均衡,可能反映短期整体身心调节法的整体身心相互作用原理。     

细胞骨架对凝血酶诱导人血小板分泌反应的调节(英文)

本文利用血小板表面外露的GMP-140为血小板分泌反应的特异性标志,通过放射免疫分析法定量测定血小板表面GMP-140分子数,研究了细胞骨架抑制剂对凝血酶诱导血小板分泌反应的影响。结果表明,凝血酶激活使血小板表面GMP-140的外露明显增加,反应迅速,并在一定范围内呈剂量和时间依赖性;而ADP刺激则几乎不引起GMP-140外露的增加。凝血酶激活前加入不同的细胞骨架抑制剂处理可产生不同的效应:细胞松驰素B(肌动蛋白微丝抑制剂)可明显上调凝血酶诱导的GMP-140外露;而秋水仙素(微管抑制剂)则下调GMP-140的外露;两者同时处理仍呈现明显的上调作用。提示凝血酶作为一种强激活剂,不仅可通过受体-G蛋白-第二信使的途径启动血小板分泌反应,而且可能经诱导肌动蛋白微丝的形成对分泌反应起反馈性负调节作用。微管的存在则可能对凝血酶诱导的分泌反应起促进作用。虽然两种细胞骨架的作用相反,但以微丝的作用为主,两者间无相互拮抗现象。     

玉米细胞分裂素反应调节因子基因的克隆与进化分析

在植物的生长发育过程中,细胞分裂素在调节细胞分裂和组织发育中起着非常重要的作用.研究表明细胞分裂素的信号转导是一种双组分信号转导途径,在这个系统中,由3种蛋白组成,分别是组氨酸激酶、磷酸转移蛋白和反应调控因子.利用已经克隆的玉米和水稻细胞分裂素反应调节因子基因,进行BLAST分析从玉米全基因组中获得候选ZmRR类型基因.然后设计全长基因引物,通过Trizol法提取玉米叶片总RNA,利用RT-PCR技术克隆出全长候选基因.序列分析表明所扩增序列含有完整的编码框,共编码156个氨基酸残基.序列比对分析其与ZmRR1-10基因具有较高的同源性,并命名为ZmRR11,系统进化树分析证实其属于A类细胞分裂素调控因子,并对所有ZmRR类型基因进行motif分析,共发现37个保守的motif.该基因的克隆和进化分析对阐明玉米双元信号传导体系具有重要的意义.     

甲醛胁迫下四种盆栽植物的生理动态反应(英文)

选择巢蕨(Neottopteris nidus)、巴西铁(Dralaena fragrans)、虎尾兰(Sansevieria trifasciata)和黑美人(Aglaonema commutatum)4种室内盆栽植物作为典型的试验材料,以15 mg·m-33甲醛分别进行熏蒸处理,测定单位干物质甲醛的吸收量、相对电导率、丙二醛含量和叶绿素含量等,以研究这些植物在甲醛胁迫下的生理动态反应。结果表明:在甲醛胁迫的4 d时间内,巢蕨和巴西铁的单位干物质甲醛吸收量均在第3天达到峰值,而黑美人和虎尾兰则一直在缓慢增加,其中以巢蕨吸收的量最多,巴西铁单位干物质甲醛吸收量最少; 4种植物的相对电导率、丙二醛的含量均随甲醛胁迫时间的增加而增加,以巢蕨的相对电导率最高,虎尾兰最低,但巴西铁的丙二醛的含量最高,巢蕨最低; 4种植物的叶绿素含量均随甲醛胁迫时间的增加而降低,其中黑美人降低幅度最高,虎尾兰最低。     

大电导钾离子通道(BK)结构与功能的研究进展

大电导钙离子激活钾通道(BK)是细胞膜上唯一接受细胞内Ca2+和膜电位双重调控的离子通道.最新发表的关于BK通道电镜结构及其胞质功能域的晶体结构的文章,第一次展示了BK通道各亚基的组装,并证实通道各功能域在通道门控机制中存在紧密的相互作用.近年来,针对BK通道的功能调节及其门控动力学模拟的研究取得较多进展,有助于更好地理解BK通道发挥生理功能的门控机制,并揭示BK通道相关疾病的病理生理学基础.     

发育及DNA损伤反应调节基因1的研究进展

发育及DNA损伤反应调节基因1(regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1,REDD1)又称为RTP801,是一个新近发现的低氧诱导因子-1(hypoxia-inducible factor-1,HIF-1)靶基因,在细胞和整体动物缺氧缺血模型中其表达显著升高,随着研究的深入,发现其对多种细胞刺激均能产生应激反应,在细胞凋亡过程中发挥着重要的调节作用;RTP801受到多种细胞信号通路的调控,研究其功能和作用机制可为临床缺血性疾病和肿瘤的防治等提供新的思路。     

菠萝叶片中依赖焦磷酸的磷酸果糖激酶的光/暗调节特性(英文)

植物中D:果糖6—磷酸1—磷酸转移酶(PPi—PFK,EG 2.7.1.90)活性的调节是非常重要的。这主要是因为它能可逆催化糖酵解和生糖两个方向的反应。光照处理菠萝叶片或离体的菠萝叶圆片使PPi—PFK的酶活性增高。与从暗处理的叶片中提取的酶的特性相比,光照处理的叶片中的酶对糖酵解方向催化活性相对增加。暗处理导致酶催化精酵解方向活性的下降。这种反映在酶活性和特性上的变化可为光照重新恢复。结果表明,菠萝叶片的PPi—PFK对体内糖酵解或生糖途径的贡献可能决定于光的状况。     

小麦磷酸丙糖转运器的特性及其对同化物分配的调节(英文)

磷酸丙糖转运器(triosephosphate/phosphatetranslocator,TPT)是源、库间光合产物分配的第一调控部位,研究TPT的特性及其对同化物分配的调节,对于提高光合作用同化物利用效率有着重要意义。我们首先采用Percoll密度梯度离心从小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)叶片中分离制备了完整性达91%以上、具有较高纯度的完整叶绿体。利用TPT不可逆抑制剂[H3]2-DIDS标记和SDS-PAGE,以及小麦TPT抗体进行Westernblotting分析,证明TPT蛋白仅存在于叶绿体被膜中,约占被膜总蛋白的15%,其分子量为35kD,而在液泡膜和线粒体膜上不存在。采用硅油离心法研究TPT对磷酸二羟丙酮(dihydroxyacetonephosphate,DHAP)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(phosphoenolpyruvate,PEP)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸(glucose-6-phosphate,G6P)与Pi的反向运输动力学的结果表明,DHAP/Pi的最大运输活性最高,PEP/Pi次之,G6P/Pi最低。TPT与这些运输底物的Km值由小至大,分别为DHAP、Pi、PEP和G6P,证明TPT的最适运输底物为DHAP。用DIDS处理时,TPT对DHAP运输活性的抑制达95%。TPT运输活性受到抑制时,可导致叶绿体内大量积累淀粉。TPT在调控小麦叶绿体同化产物的分配中起着重要作用,在保证卡尔文循环正常运转的前提下,通过TPT外运到胞质中参与蔗糖合成和其他代谢活动的磷酸丙糖(triosep     

Effects of vasopressin on the habituation of the orienting reaction in men

Effects of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) on the habituation of the orienting reaction and response to stimulus mismatch were investigated in a between-group design with 40 healthy male volunteers using skin conductance and heart rate responses as dependent measures. Twenty-one 1000 Hz tones of 90 dB(A) intensity and 2 s duration were presented with alternating intervals of 20 and 140 s. Stimulus mismatch responses were analyzed to the tones after the long intervals and to a change of the interval duration. The expected prevention of habituation as an indicator of a general stimulus-related increase of phasic arousal under AVP could not be confirmed. There were no differences between the AVP and the placebo group in the skin conductance and heart rate responses. The interval change did not provoke a dishabituation reaction, but responses to the tones after the long intervals were reliably enhanced. However, AVP did not increase the reaction to stimulus mismatch. It is concluded that autonomic indicators of the habituation of the OR remain unaffected by AVP.     

The temperature dependence of shoot hydraulic resistance: implications for stomatal behaviour and hydraulic limitation

Recent soil pressurization experiments have shown that stomatal closure in response to high leaf–air humidity gradients can be explained by direct feedback from leaf water potential. The more complex temperature‐by‐humidity interactive effects on stomatal conductance have not yet been explained fully. Measurements of the change in shoot conductance with temperature were made on Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) to test whether temperature‐induced changes in the liquid‐phase transport capacity could explain these temperature‐ by‐humidity effects. In addition, shoot hydraulic resistances were partitioned within the stem and leaves to determine whether or not leaves exhibit a greater resistance. Changes in hydraulic conductance were calculated based on an Ohm’s law analogy. Whole‐plant gas exchange was used to determine steady‐ state transpiration rates. A combination of in situ psychrometer measurements, Scholander pressure chamber measurements and psychrometric measurements of leaf punches was used to determine water potential differences within the shoot. Hydraulic conductance for each portion of the pathway was estimated as the total flow divided by the water potential difference. Temperature‐induced changes in stomatal conductance were correlated linearly with temperature‐induced changes in hydraulic conductance. The magnitude of the temperature‐induced changes in whole‐plant hydraulic conductance was sufficient to account for the interactive effects of temperature and humidity on stomatal conductance.     

Transpiration and whole-tree conductance in ponderosa pine trees of different heights

Changes in leaf physiology with tree age and size could alter forest growth, water yield, and carbon fluxes. We measured tree water flux (Q) for 14 ponderosa pine trees in two size classes (12 m tall and ∼40 years old, and 36 m tall and ∼ 290 years old) to determine if transpiration (E) and whole-tree conductance (g _t) differed between the two sizes of trees. For both size classes, E was approximately equal to Q measured 2 m above the ground: Q was most highly correlated with current, not lagged, water vapor pressure deficit, and night Q was <12% of total daily flux. E for days 165–195 and 240–260 averaged 0.97 mmol m^–2 (leaf area, projected) s^–1 for the 12-m trees and 0.57 mmol m^–2 (leaf area) s^–1 for the 36-m trees. When photosynthetically active radiation (I _P) exceeded the light saturation for photosynthesis in ponderosa pine (900 μmol m^–2 (ground) s^–1), differences in E were more pronounced: 2.4 mmol m^–2 (leaf area) s^–1 for the 12-m trees and 1.2 mmol m^–2 s^–1 for the 36-m trees, yielding g _t of 140 mmol m^–2 (leaf area) s^–1 for the 12-m trees and 72 mmol m^–2 s^–1 for the 36-m trees. Extrapolated to forests with leaf area index =1, the 36-m trees would transpire 117 mm between 1 June and 31 August compared to 170 mm for the 12-m trees, a difference of 15% of average annual precipitation. Lower g _t in the taller trees also likely lowers photosynthesis during the growing season. Received: 19 April 1999 / Accepted: 23 March 2000     

Evaporation and canopy characteristics of coniferous forests and grasslands

Canopy-scale evaporation rate (E) and derived surface and aerodynamic conductances for the transfer of water vapour (g_s and g_a, respectively) are reviewed for coniferous forests and grasslands. Despite the extremes of canopy structure, the two vegetation types have similar maximum hourly evaporation rates (E _max) and maximum surface conductances (g_smax) (medians = 0.46 mm h^-1 and 22 mm s^-1). However, on a daily basis, median E _max of coniferous forest (4.0 mm d^-1) is significantly lower than that of grassland (4.6 mm d^-1). Additionally, a representative value of g_a for coniferous forest (200 mm s^-1) is an order of magnitude more than the corresponding value for grassland (25 mm s^-1). The proportional sensitivity of E, calculated by the Penman-Monteith equation, to changes in g_s is >0.7 for coniferous forest, but as low as 0.3 for grassland. The proportional sensitivity of E to changes in g_a is generally ±0.15 or less.Boundary-line relationships between g_s and light and air saturation deficit (D) vary considerably. Attainment of g_smax occurs at a much lower irradiance for coniferous forest than for grassland (15 versus about 45% of full sunlight). Relationships between g_s and D measured above the canopy appear to be fairly uniform for coniferous forest, but are variable for grassland. More uniform relationships may be found for surfaces with relatively small g_a, like grassland, by using D at the evaporating surface (D₀) as the independent variable rather than D at a reference point above the surface. An analytical expression is given for determining D₀ from measurable quantities. Evaporation rate also depends on the availability of water in the root zone.Below a critical value of soil water storage, the ratio of evaporation rate to the available energy tends to decrease sharply and linearly with decreasing soil water content. At the lowest value of soil water content, this ratio declines by up to a factor of 4 from the non-soil-water-limiting plateau. Knowledge about functional rooting depth of different plant species remains rather limited. Ignorance of this important variable makes it generally difficult to obtain accurate estimates of seasonal evaporation from terrestrial ecosystems.     

冬小麦叶片气孔导度模型水分响应函数的参数化

植物气孔导度模型的水分响应函数用来模拟水分胁迫对气孔导度的影响过程, 是模拟缺水环境下植物与大气间水、碳交换过程的关键算法。水分响应函数包括空气湿度响应函数和土壤湿度(或植物水势)响应函数, 该研究基于田间实验观测, 分析了冬小麦(Triticum aestivum)叶片气孔导度对不同空气饱和差和不同土壤体积含水量或叶水势的响应规律。一个土壤水分梯度的田间处理在中国科学院禹城综合试验站实施, 不同水分胁迫下的冬小麦叶片气体交换过程和气孔导度以及其他的温湿度数据被观测, 同时观测了土壤含水量和叶水势。实验数据表明, 冬小麦叶片气孔导度对空气饱和差的响应呈现双曲线规律, 变化趋势显示大约1 kPa空气饱和差是一个有用的阈值, 在小于1 kPa时, 冬小麦气孔导度对空气饱和差变化反应敏感, 而大于1 kPa后则反应缓慢; 分析土壤体积含水量与中午叶片气孔导度的关系发现, 中午叶片气孔导度随土壤含水量增加大致呈现线性增加趋势, 但在平均土壤体积含水量大于大约25%以后, 气孔导度不再明显增加, 而是维持在较高导度值上下波动; 冬小麦中午叶片水势与相应的气孔导度之间, 随着叶水势的增加, 气孔导度呈现增加趋势。根据冬小麦气孔导度对空气湿度、土壤湿度和叶水势的响应规律, 研究分别采用双曲线和幂指数形式拟合了水汽响应函数, 用三段线性方程拟合了土壤湿度响应函数和植物水势响应函数, 得到的参数可以为模型模拟冬小麦的各类水、热、碳交换过程采用。     

沼泽植物泽泻气孔导度日变化的研究

人工湿地系统是一个完整的生态系统,它形成了内部良好的循环并具有较好的经济效益和生态效益,本文主要研究了人工湿地园中泽泻沼泽植物气孔导度日变化,结果表明:泽泻叶片的气孔导度日进程在晴朗的天气成双峰曲线变化,出现“午休”现象,上午的峰值要高于下午.这种现象不受叶片温度、相对湿度、大气温度和光量子通量密度单一因子的影响,是环境因子共同作用的结果.是泽泻自身的生理特性所决定.笔者认为,水生植物对环境的不同响应可以为人工湿地同生物多样性的建设提供理论支撑.     

放松训练对老年冠心病介入治疗患者围手术期心理应激干预效果研究

目的:探讨放松训练对老年冠心病介入治疗患者围手术期心理应激的干预效果。方法:选择2013年7月至2014年1月在某院接受介入治疗的老年冠心病患者120例为研究对象,随机分为干预组和对照组,各60例。对照组接受手术治疗和常规护理,干预组在对照组治疗方案的基础上采用放松训练进行围手术期心理干预。采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表和生活满意度量表(SWLS)施测,并进行比较分析。结果:手术后放松训练干预组焦虑、抑郁和睡眠质量评分比手术前明显下降[(39.28±2.32),(41.68±2.76),(8.97±2.11)vs.(48.78±5.11),(54.37±6.68),(10.88±2.21),均P<0.01],显著低于对照组[(44.78±4.09),(49.08±3.58),(10.40±1.87)vs.(48.83±5.28),(54.40±3.72),(10.87±2.86),均P<0.01]。放松训练干预组手术后与手术前睡眠质量各分量表比较,除\"催眠药物\"和\"日间功能障碍\"2个因子外,其余各因子均有显著差异(均P<0.05)。放松训练干预组术后生活满意度量表评分明显高于术前[(23.27±4.61)vs.(20.17±4.99),P<0.01],显著高于对照组[(21.15±4.16)vs.(19.90±4.38),P<0.01]。结论:放松训练心理干预技术对接受介入治疗的老年冠心病患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪和睡眠质量具有良好的缓解和改善作用,可以降低患者的心理应激程度,提高患者术后的生活质量。