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利用微藻固定烟道气中CO2的实验研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
为获得能适合于烟道气条件下生长的微藻 ,找到一种高效的温室气体固定的方法 ,利用配置烟道气 (CO2 和O2 的浓度分别为 15 %和 2 %)驯化稻田微藻混合试样 ,分离出对高浓度CO2 条件有很强适应力的微藻ZY 1,并研究了在不同培养条件下微藻ZY 1的生长情况 .微藻ZY 1在CO2 浓度从 10 %~ 15 %的范围内有较高生长力 ,在CO2 浓度为 10 %时 ,生长最好 .微藻ZY 1对温度、气体流速、pH值等物理条件也有很宽的适应范围 ,在温度为 2 5~ 30 .C、流速为 0 2 5~ 0 75L·min-1、pH4~ 6范围内 ,生长基本稳定 .在培养条件为 10 %CO2 、2 5 .C、pH5 0时 ,微藻ZY 1的生长率最高 ,CO2 的固定率平均值为 0 397%.可以认为 ,利用该藻固定烟道气温室气体具有一定的可行性 . 相似文献
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产生物柴油微藻培养研究进展 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:14
石油的大量使用会导致能源枯竭和温室气体(CO2)排放的增加。为了实现经济和环境的和谐发展,必须使用可再生能源代替石油。可再生能源使用后不会造成温室气体排放的增加。生物柴油是一种理想的可再生能源, 能满足以上要求,所以近年来得到迅速发展。微藻是一种主要利用太阳能固定 CO2,生成制备生物柴油所需油脂的藻类。因此以微藻油脂为原料转化成的生物柴油是石油理想的替代品。简要介绍了产油微藻的种类和微藻油脂的合成,较详细地阐述了微藻自养培养、异养培养、生物反应器、工程微藻的最新研究进展,并初步展望了微藻产油研究的未来发展方向。 相似文献
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利用微藻油脂制备生物柴油因具有重要的战略意义而受到世界各国的重视,成为近年来的研究热点。利用微藻制备生物柴油具有生长周期短、易于大规模培养、能大量吸收CO2及不占用耕地等优点。但是,由于对藻类油脂合成代谢中的调节机制了解不多,导致微藻基因组研究相对滞后,极大地限制了微藻生物能源的大规模开发和利用。随着现代生物技术的发展,通过基因工程、代谢工程等方法调控微藻脂类的合成代谢,提高藻类含油量和生物量已成为可能。概述了微藻中油脂的合成代谢,归纳总结利用基因工程技术提高微藻油脂含量的研究进展,为获得含油量高的工程微藻及微藻制备生物柴油提供技术储备。 相似文献
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利用市政废水和火电厂烟道气大规模培养高油微藻 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
对高含油量微藻(Scenedesmus dimorphus)培养的生物反应器进行了比较,阐述了市政废水净化处理和火电厂烟道废气利用,研究了S.dimorphus微藻在2种不同的光生物反应器中的生长特性、其移除废水中N.P养分能力及其CO2消耗情况.研究结果表明:S.dimorphus微藻的生长受pH、通气速率、搅拌情况和光照条件等的影响.当通气速率(空气)为6 L/min, S.dimorphus的生长速率达到高峰.通入体积分数33.3% CO2和体积分数 66.7% 空气比通入正常空气或通入比其含有更多CO2的空气更有利于微藻的生长.获得最大微藻生长速率的pH上限是7.5.螺旋状生物反应器比锥型瓶生物反应器更有利于微藻的生长,这主要归功于前者有更高的光利用效率和搅拌效果的改善.S.dimorphus 微藻能利用市政废水中的养分从而移出其中的N.P养分.在6 d的培养中,培养液中的N换算成NO-3从8.3 mg/L下降到3.6 mg/L以下;而P换算成PO3-4则从0.24 mg/L下降到0.03 mg/L 以下. 相似文献
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微藻生物柴油的现状与进展 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
微藻生物柴油能够解决目前使用植物原料发展生物柴油面临的耕地不足、气候变化对产量影响大和引起农作物价格上涨等突出问题。通过转基因技术培育“工程微藻”,繁衍能力高,生长周期短,比陆生植物产油高出几十倍,并且能用海水作为其天然培养基进行工业化生产。介绍了微藻生物柴油的优势,高脂质微藻选育,以及工程微藻研究与下游生产工艺的研究现状和进展。 相似文献
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随着经济的快速发展,各国对石油的需求仍有增无减,但是石油作为不可再生能源不利于可持续发展。相比之下,生物柴油应运而生且已发展到了第三代,而微藻作为第三代生物柴油的主角因为具有生长速度快,不占用耕地等优势,已逐渐成为具有极大发展潜力的能源原料,所以利用微藻生产生物柴油的技术近年来也成为研究的重点。本综述针对微藻容易进行基因改造的优势,综述了国内外对微藻油脂代谢通路的研究现状及进展,讨论了目前的基因改造方法对通路中关键酶产生的影响,以求找到能有效并稳定增强微藻油脂代谢途径的方法,为以后的研究提供理论指导。 相似文献
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微藻生长速度快、CO2固定效率高,每生产1 t微藻生物质可固定1.83 t CO2。同时,微藻还可将固定的CO2转化为油脂、蛋白质、多糖、色素和不饱和脂肪酸等物质,能够实现CO2的高值化利用。因此,微藻生物固碳技术在CO2捕集和利用方面具有极大的发展潜能。本文首先阐述了高效固定CO2藻株的选育、提高微藻生物固定CO2的培养策略、微藻处理烟道气化合物技术、微藻高效培养光生物反应器的开发及新兴技术助力微藻碳减排等内容,再结合现阶段微藻生物固碳技术所面临的挑战,展望了微藻生物固定CO2在“双碳”目标中的应用前景,以期为利用微藻高效固定CO2、高值化利用CO2提供参考,从而加速“双碳”目标的实现。 相似文献
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利用微藻生产可再生能源研究概况 总被引:20,自引:2,他引:20
能源是现代工业的支柱,是国民经济可持续发展的动力。生物质能源作为一种来源广泛的可再生能源,其开发利用不仅有助于缓解化石燃料日益枯竭给全球经济发展带来的危机,还可避免对环境的污染。微藻中很多种类富含油脂,可以用来生产生物柴油(脂肪酸甲酯);另一些藻类中含有极丰富的烃类物质,化学结构与矿物油相似,提取后可加工成汽油、柴油使用;在特定条件下,绿藻和蓝藻在光合作用的同时可以产生氢气。微藻易培养,生长快,单位面积生物量大,油、烃含量高,是一类重要的生物质能源,已引起各国政府、科学家和企业家的高度关注。文中概述了利用微藻生产油脂、烃类、氢气的研究现状,探讨了利用微藻生产可再生能源存在的问题和对策,并展望了我国微藻可再生能源研究开发的发展前景。 相似文献
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Different impacts of human activities including tourism, religious activity and industrial activities on atmospheric CO2, NOx and SO2 concentration of the subtropical forests and the chlorophyll fluorescence of two woody plant species ( Schima superba Gardn. et Champ. and Pinus massoniaha Lamb. ) were studied. The experimental sites were at Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve and its nearby industrial area in Guangdong Province. In recent years, the Biosphere Reserve has received more than 700 000 tourists and nearly 120 000 vehicles each year. A steel production plant and a chemical plant are located in the nearby industrial area. The chlorophyll fluorescence was measured by a modulation pulse fluorometer (PAM). The results showed that the effects of human being activities have caused an increase of the concentration of CO2, NOx and SO2 within the forests. Comparing to the control site (core area of Biosphere Reserve), the CO2, NOx and SO2 concentration in the disturbed sites have increased 17 to 40 μmol· mol-1, 5 to 20 nmol· mo1-1 and 2 to 19 nmol·mol-1 respectively. The Fv/Fm, qp and ФPSⅡof two woody plants decreased with the increase of human being activities. The trend of decreasing Fv/Fm, qp and ФPSⅡ associated with an increase of qN in leaves of forests plant was consistent with the increasing CO2, NOx and SO2 concentration within the forests. 相似文献
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污水资源化、二氧化碳减排及微藻生物柴油是当前能源与环境领域的前沿课题。以下围绕污水及烟道气资源化培养产油微藻的培养体系,就藻种、营养条件、培养方式、培养环境及微藻生物反应器等影响产油微藻培养的因素研究进展进行了综述。在综述的基础上提出:由于微藻具有特殊营养方式,通过藻种筛选、微藻营养条件和培养环境的优化以及高效光生物反应器和生产工艺等的创新,可利用污水进行产油微藻生产,以获得生物柴油等高附加值产品,实现微藻生物能源、污水资源化处理和CO2减排三者高度耦合的产油微藻生产体系,从而减少微藻培养费用及污水处理费用,因此,该体系具有重要的环境、社会、经济价值和商业化应用前景。 相似文献
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为了降低微藻产油成本和减少温室气体的排放,利用煤炭烟气培养一株具有pH快速漂移和高碱适应特性的产油微藻Chlorococcum alkaliphilus MC-1.首先于15L光生物反应器中分三组(空白组、CO2组和烟气组)进行小体积培养实验,然后在24 m2开放式跑道池中进行放大培养,研究了微藻MC-1对烟气培养的适应性.结果表明,在光生物反应器培养实验中,烟气组的最高生物量浓度、生长速率、藻体总脂含量和CO2固定速率分别为:(1.02±0.07) g/L、(0.12±0.02) g/(L·d)、(37.84±0.58)%和(0.20±0.02) g/(L·d),比CO2组分别提高了36%、33.33%、15.34%和33.33%.在开放式跑道池培养实验中,烟气与纯CO2的培养效果相似,烟气培养下的最高生物量浓度、生长速率、藻体总脂含量和CO2固定速率分别为:147.40 g/m2、14.73 g/(m2·d)、35.72%和24.01 g/(m2·d);烟气培养产出的藻粉中有毒重金属Pb、As、Cd和Cr的含量均低于国家限量标准.实验同时测定了烟气培养下藻液对烟气中CO2、NO和SO2的吸收效果,结果显示,在光生物反应器和开放式跑道池培养中此三种气体的平均吸收率均高于以往研究结果.上述结果说明,该藻能适应烟气培养条件,耦合微藻MC-1产油与烟气减排的室外放大培养是可行的. 相似文献
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Amit Kumar Singh Nikunj Sharma Humaira Farooqi Malik Zainul Abdin Shashi Kumar 《International journal of phytoremediation》2017,19(9):805-812
Municipal wastewater (WW), if not properly remediated, poses a threat to the environment and human health by carrying significant loads of nutrients and pathogens. These contaminants pollute rivers, lakes, and natural reservoirs where they cause eutrophication and pathogen-mediated diseases. However, the high nutrient content of WW makes it an ideal environment for remediation with microalgae that require high nutrient concentrations for growth and are not susceptible to toxins and pathogens. Given that an appropriate algal strain is used for remediation, the incurred biomass can be refined for the production of biofuel. Four microalgal species (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella sp., Parachlorella kessleri-I, and Nannochloropsis gaditana) were screened for efficient phycoremediation of municipal WW and potential use for biodiesel production. Among the four strains tested, P. kessleri-I showed the highest growth rate and biomass production in 100% WW. It efficiently removed all major nutrients with a removal rate of up to 98% for phosphate after 10 days of growth in 100% municipal WW collected from Delhi. The growth of P. kessleri-I in WW resulted in a 50% increase of biomass and a 115% increase of lipid yield in comparison to growth in control media. The Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), and fuel properties of lipids isolated from cells grown in WW complied with international standards. The present study provides evidence that the green alga P. kessleri-I effectively remediates municipal WW and can be used to produce biodiesel. 相似文献
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Carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity associated with high- and low-dissolved inorganic carbon (C1) grown cells was examined in whole cells by measuring 18O exchange from doubly labeled CO2 (13C18O18O). Both algal species showed the presence of extracellular (periplasmic) as well as intracellular CA activity, which were both greatly increased in low-C1 cells. The periplasmic CA activity was at least 40-fold higher in lowcompared to high-C1 cells in both C. reinhardtii and S. obliquus. while low-C1 cells of S. obliquus showed the highest activity of internal CA. The CA inhibitor ethoxyzolamide showed a strong inhibition of the C1 uptake process in both C. reinhardtii and S. obliquus as in cyanobacteria. which may indicate that the nature of the primary uptake process is similar in both green algae and cyanobacteria. By using a mass spectrometnc disequilibrium technique it was possible to separate the C1 fluxes of net HCO?3-uptake and net CO2-uptake during steady-state photosynthesis in high- and Sow-C1 grown cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (WT. 2137+) and Scenedesmus obliquus (WT. D3). It was found that both high- and low-C1 cells of the two algae can utilize both CO2 and HCO?3 for photosynthesis, although low-C1 cells have a higher affinity for the uptake of both C1 species. Induction at low-C1 causes an increase in the affinity of both species for HCO?3 and CO2; changes in net CO2-uptake were, however, significantly greater. 相似文献
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Zendejas FJ Benke PI Lane PD Simmons BA Lane TW 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2012,109(5):1146-1154
Algal biofuels are a growing interest worldwide due to their potential in terms of sustainable greenhouse gas displacement and energy production. This article describes a comparative survey of biodiesel production and conversion yields of biodiesel via alkaline transesterification of acylglycerols extracted from the microalgae Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, grown under silicate or nitrate limitation, and that of model vegetable oils: soybean, and rapeseed oil. Acylglycerols were extracted with n-hexane and the total yield per biomass was determined by gravimetric assay. Under our conditions, the total acylglycerol yield from the microalgae studied was 13-18% of total dry weight. The biodiesel samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector to determine quantitative information of residual glycerol, mono-, di-, and tri-acylglycerol concentrations in the biodiesel. All of the algal-based biodiesel demonstrated less mono-, di-, and tri-acylglycerol concentrations than the vegetable-based biodiesel under identical transesterification conditions. The fatty acid compositions of all the feedstock oils and their resultant biodiesel were also analyzed and reported. Based on the fatty acid methyl ester compositions of our samples we qualitatively assessed the suitability of the algal-derived biodiesel in terms of cetane number (CN), cold-flow properties, and oxidative stability. 相似文献
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González-López CV Acién Fernández FG Fernández-Sevilla JM Sánchez Fernández JF Molina Grima E 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2012,109(7):1637-1650
A new methodology to use efficiently flue gases as CO(2) source in the production of photosynthetic microorganisms is proposed. The CO(2) is absorbed in an aqueous phase that is then regenerated by microalgae. Carbonated solutions could absorb up to 80% of the CO(2) from diluted gas reaching total inorganic carbon (TIC) concentrations up to 2.0 g/L. The pH of the solution was maintained at 8.0-10.0 by the bicarbonate/carbonate buffer, so it is compatible with biological regeneration. The absorption process was modeled and the kinetic parameters were determined. Anabaena sp. demonstrated to tolerate pH (8.0-10.0) and TIC (up to 2.0 g/L) conditions imposed by the absorption step. Experiments of regeneration of the liquid phase demonstrated the feasibility of the overall process, converting CO(2) into organic matter. The developed process avoids heating to regenerate the liquid whereas maximizing the efficiency of CO(2) use, which is relevant to achieve the commercial production of biofuels from microalgae. 相似文献