斜带石斑鱼囊胚期胚胎和尾芽期胚胎差异表达基因的筛选及克隆

以斜带石斑鱼囊胚期胚胎和尾芽期胚胎分别作为检验组和驱动组,构建了石斑鱼囊胚期胚胎和尾芽期胚胎的抑制性差减杂交cDNA文库。以α-tubulin作为检测指标,显示差减效率分别高达28和27。分别取囊胚期胚胎和尾芽期胚胎各192和960个PCR阳性克隆进行斑点杂交,得到15个囊胚期和131个尾芽期的斑点杂交阳性克隆。测序和数据库比对分析表明,囊胚期15个阳性克隆中有11个已知基因的cDNA片段和没有同源性的4个cDNA片段;而在尾芽期的131个阳性克隆中,有123个已知基因的cDNA片段和8个没有同源性的cD-NA片段。用半定量RT-PCR技术分析了部分基因片段在胚胎发育过程中的表达规律和和组织分布情况。这些差异表达片段的呈现为进一步揭示石斑鱼胚胎发育、早期性别决定和性腺分化的分子机制奠定了基础。     

斜带石斑鱼囊胚期胚胎和尾芽期胚胎差异表达基因的筛选及克隆

以斜带石斑鱼囊胚期胚胎和尾芽期胚胎分别作为检验组和驱动组，构建了石斑鱼囊胚期胚胎和尾芽期胚胎的抑制性差减杂交cDNA文库。以α-tubulin作为检测指标，显示差减效率分别高达2 ⁸和2 ⁷。分别取囊胚期胚胎和尾芽期胚胎各192和960个PCR阳性克隆进行斑点杂交，得到15个囊胚期和131个尾芽期的斑点杂交阳性克隆。测序和数据库比对分析表明，囊胚期15个阳性克隆中有11个已知基因的cDNA片段和没有同源性的4个cDNA片段；而在尾芽期的131个阳性克隆中，有123个已知基因的cDNA片段和8个没有同源性的cDNA片段。用半定量RT-PCR技术分析了部分基因片段在胚胎发育过程中的表达规律和和组织分布情况。这些差异表达片段的呈现为进一步揭示石斑鱼胚胎发育、早期性别决定和性腺分化的分子机制奠定了基础。     

银鲫肌酸激酶M3-CK cDNA的克隆及其表达特征

用抑制性差减杂交结合SMART cDNA合成和RACE—PCR技术克隆到雌核发育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)肌酸激酶M3-CK基因的全长cDNA。银鲫M3-CK cDNA全长1551bp，编码380个氨基酸，与普通鲤鱼(cyprinus carpio)M3-CK的氨基酸序列同源性高达95％。种系分析表明，银鲫M3-CK与其它脊椎动物的肌肉型肌酸激酶聚为较近的一支，与鲤鱼的M3-CK聚在一起，与脑特异型肌酸激酶及线粒体型肌酸激酶分歧较大。虚拟Northern杂交显示银鲫M3-CK基因在胚胎发育中差异表达。RT—PCR表明，银鲫M3-CK基因在成熟卵母细胞和胚胎发育早期可检测到少量的转录产物，在胚胎发育期间从肌肉效应期开始转录，并一直持续表达。组织RT—PCR表明，银鲫M3-CK基因只在心脏和肌肉表达。     

银鲫两个蛋白合成相关基因全长cDNA的克隆及其特征分析

通过构建雌核发育银鲫心跳期SMART cDNA质粒库并从库中随机挑选克隆测序,克隆得到银鲫翻译起始因子3亚单位2(GTIF3—S2)和翻译延伸因子1亚单位α(GEF-1α)基因全长cDNA。银鲫翻译起始因子3亚单位2基因cDNA全长1280bp,开放阅读框位于117—1091bp之间,编码325个氨基酸。其推断的氨基酸序列存在三个WD结构域。该基因在鱼类中为首次报道。银鲫翻译延伸因子1亚单位alpha基因cDNA全长1784bp,开放阅读框位于82—1467bp之间,编码462个氨基酸。RT-PCR表明,这两个基因在成熟卵母细胞和胚胎发育早期可以检测到少量的转录产物,在胚胎发育期间从原肠期开始转录,并随着发育进程逐渐增强。成鱼组织中除精巢表达较弱外,其他组织都表达较强。同源分析比较表明,TIF3-S2和EF-1α在物种进化过程中具有高度的进化保守性,在物种间的同源性很高。因此,作认为,这两个基因是研究物种间系统发育的优良对象。     

筛选代表小鼠植入前胚胎紧密化相关基因的EST

分别收集181及241枚昆明白小鼠8细胞早期胚胎及8细胞紧密化胚胎,采用SMART PCR方法直接合成胚胎双链cDNA.进而运用抑制消减杂交技术(SSH)对8细胞早期胚胎及8细胞紧密化胚胎的基因表达进行研究,并将所获得的差异表达产物按片段大小分段分离纯化后克隆入pUCm-T载体中,经PCR鉴定后挑选阳性克隆进行测序,筛选出27个代表8细胞早期胚胎和紧密化8细胞胚胎差别表达基因的cDNA片段;经与GenBank中收录的序列进行同源性匹配分析,证实其中17个eDNA片段为新的EST,提交GenBank后被接受并给予了新序列编号.这1 7个片段均可能为与紧密化密切相关的新基因的表达片段,为今后进一步克隆新的紧密化相关基因的全长cDNA及后续新基因的结构和功能研究打下基础.通过采用不同长度大小片段分别克隆的方法,可获得较长片段的EST,避免差异表达大片段的丢失.     

银鲫转录调控因子lbh-b cDNA克隆与表达分析

Lbh (Limb-bud and heart)基因是脊椎动物中高度保守的转录调控因子, 在早期胚胎发育及某些人类疾病的发病过程中发挥着重要作用。我们前期在银鲫(Carassius gibelio)垂体转录组中筛选到一个在垂体中大量表达的基因lbh-b。为了进一步研究lbh基因在银鲫的表达特征, 首先采用RACE方法克隆了银鲫lbh基因家族的成员lbh-b基因(Cglbh-b)。Cglbh-b的cDNA全长1526 bp, 开放阅读框549 bp, 共编码182个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明CgLbh-b蛋白与其他脊椎动物的Lbh蛋白同源性在68%以上, 可能也是无序蛋白质家族的成员之一。成体组织RT-PCR分析表明Cglbh-b仅在银鲫的垂体、端脑、卵巢及眼睛中表达。不同胚胎发育时期的表达分析表明, 在受精卵至原肠胚中Cglbh-b转录产物是以母源形式存在的mRNA, 其合子转录起始于尾芽期。胚胎整体原位杂交结果显示从受精后2d到受精后3d, Cglbh-b大量表达于脑和眼睛。此外, 随着卵子成熟Cglbh-b在银鲫垂体中的表达上调。这些结果暗示, Cglbh-b可能在调控银鲫脑和眼睛的发育以及卵子成熟过程中发挥着重要作用。     

银鲫原肠胚差异表达基因的筛选

胚胎发育是基因组中各个基因在时间和空间上选择性表达的结果。为了鉴定参与鱼类早期胚胎发育和胚层分化的调控因了,分别构建了银鲫(Carassiusauratusgibelio)原肠胚和成熟卵子的SMARTcDNA文库,并采用差异筛选的方法,从银鲫原肠胚SMARTcDNA文库中筛选不同于成熟卵子的差异表达基因。通过菌斑和PCR产物的两轮斑点杂交,从大约1500个克隆中筛选出131个阳性克隆,从中选择58个克隆测序并将测得的序列进行了数据库比对分析,结果显示这些差异表达基因大部分为参与转录和翻译的调控因子和核糖体蛋白以及一些在胚胎早期大量表达的参与脂类代谢的脂蛋白和一些未知的新基因。接着采用RTPCR技术,对其中6个基因在胚胎发育不同阶段的表达特征进行了分析,进一步证实这些基因在胚胎发育过程中存在表达差异;研究还从分析的基因中揭示出4类不同的表达模式。通过本研究,已筛选出一批在银鲫胚胎发育早期开始表达的调控基因,为开展鱼类胚胎发育早期表达基因的功能研究奠定了前期工作基础。     

性逆转石斑鱼脑垂体差异表达基因克隆的筛选

以17α甲基睾丸酮投喂赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelusakaara),成功地获得了性逆转的有功能的雄鱼。用SMARTcDNA合成和长片段PCR技术构建了性逆转前后脑垂体cDNA文库;用抑制消减杂交技术建立了性反转前后抑制性差减文库。对获得的560个雄鱼脑垂体PCR阳性克隆和350个雌鱼脑垂体PCR阳性克隆进行斑点杂交,共筛选到103个差异表达cDNA片段。对其中29个克隆进行了测序,与GenBank中的已知基因序列进行同源性比较,发现有6个片段为促性腺激素α亚基前体基因(GenBank注册号:AY207430),与同属不同种的石斑鱼促性腺激素α亚基前体基因有97%的同源性;1个片段为生长激素前体(GenBank注册号:AY207431),与同属不同种的石斑鱼生长激素前体基因有99%的同源性;其余22个cDNA片段与GenBank中的序列无明显同源性 。     

鲫Kaiso基因cDNA的克隆和表达分析

在爪蟾和斑马鱼中, Kaiso是一种在整个基因组范围内与甲基化CpG序列特异性结合的转录抑制因子, 在调控被甲基化基因表达的时间模式中起重要的作用。为深入研究DNA甲基化对我国重要养殖鱼类生殖和发育的影响, 我们克隆了鲫Kaiso基因的cDNA序列, 并对其时空表达模式进行了分析。该cDNA全长3145 bp, 5′-非翻译区132 bp, 3′-非翻译区1117 bp, 开放阅读框1896 bp, 编码631个氨基酸。鲫Kaiso蛋白与其他物种Kaiso蛋白的同源性分析表明, 与其他物种一样, 其 N端和C端分别有高保守性的BTB/POZ结构域和锌指结构域。整胚原位杂交结果显示, Kaiso mRNA在早期胚胎发育的各个时期均广泛表达, 信号均一, 但从尾芽期开始出现组织特异性表达差异。对不同发育阶段胚胎的实时定量PCR检测结果表明: 卵子中有高丰度的母源Kaiso mRNA存在; 在卵裂期至囊胚中期胚胎中Kaiso mRNA的丰度逐渐降低; 从囊胚中期至原肠早期都维持在最低水平状态; 原肠后期其表达水平又逐渐升高, 至尾芽期达到与未受精卵中相当的高水平后在器官发生期的整体水平又稍有下降。Kaiso mRNA丰度在胚胎发育早期的这种变化过程提示在卵裂期检测到的mRNA可能都是母源mRNA, 合子核Kaiso基因可能是在囊胚晚期后才开始转录。对成体不同组织的实时定量PCR检测结果表明Kaiso的表达存在明显的组织特异性差异, 在鲫肌肉、视网膜、心脏和脑中表达水平较高, 而在肾、胰、肝等器官中表达水平很低。Kaiso表达的时间和组织特异性提示其作为甲基化基因的转录抑制因子参与了胚胎和成体基因表达时空模式的调控。这些结果为进一步研究Kaiso和DNA甲基化修饰在鲫发育调控和遗传育种中的作用提供了基础资料。     

兔胚胎时期特异性基因相关新片段的克隆

阶段特异性基因的表达是早期胚胎发育过程中的重要事件,对植入前胚胎基因表达模式的研究是进一步研究植入前胚胎发育调控机制的前提。本实验利用mRNA差异显示技术来研究兔(Oryctolagus cuniculus domestica)植入前各期胚胎的基因表达差异。在获得的42个阳性阶段特异性表达的基因中,有5个在NCBI和EMBL数据库中没有同源序列,登录EMBL,申请了登录号。这些新基因片段都是桑葚期特异表达的基因,而且在以后的囊胚期也有表达。兔由母源型调控向合子型调控的过渡是在8～16细胞期开始的,在桑葚期开始表达的这些基因片段应该是兔胚胎时期特异性基因。这些基因的克隆将为进一步研究兔的植入前胚胎发育模式奠定基础。     

Screen for stage-specific expression genes between tail bud stage and heartbeat beginning stage in embryogenesis of gynogenetic silver crucian carp

A systemic study was initiated to identify stage-specific expression genes in fish embryogenesis by using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique. In this study, we presented a preliminary result on screen for stage-specific expression genes between tail bud stage (TBS) and heartbeat beginning stage (HBS) in gynogenetic silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Two SSH plasmid libraries specific for TBS embryos and HBS embryos were constructed, and stage-specific expression genes were screened between the two stages. 1963 TBS positive clones and 2466 HBS positive clones were sampled to PCR amplification, and 1373 TBS and 1809 HBS PCR positive clones were selected to carry out dot blots. 169 TBS dot blot positive clones and 272 HBS dot blot positive clones were sequenced. Searching GenBank by using these nucleotide sequences indicated that most of the TBS dot blot positive clones could not be found homologous sequences in the database, while known genes were mainly detected from HBS d     

性逆转石斑鱼性腺差异表达基因的克隆和筛选

以 17α 甲基睾丸酮 (17α MT)饲喂 2～ 4龄赤点石斑鱼 (Epinephelusakaara) ,成功地促使其性转变为具有生殖功能的雄鱼 .应用抑制性差减杂交 (SSH)技术构建了石斑鱼性反转前后性腺组织的SMARTcDNA文库及其cDNA差减文库 ,从中随机挑取 12 0 0个克隆进行了PCR和斑点杂交筛选 ,得到 12 0个差异表达cDNA片段 .挑选 71个cDNA克隆测序 ,将所测序列经GenBank检索和生物信息学比较 ,发现有 5 1个cDNA片段序列无明显的同源性 ,2 0个片段与报道的基因有较高同源性 .在这 2 0个具同源性的片段中有 3个片段可能是与性别分化密切相关的重要功能基因 ,它们是钙调蛋白基因、活性蛋白激酶C受体基因和一氧化氮合酶蛋白抑制剂基因 .这 3个基因被分别命名为鱼钙调蛋白基因 (GenBankaccession :AY2 8136 3)、鱼活性蛋白激酶C受体基因 (GenBankaccession :AY2 8136 4)和鱼一氧化氮合酶蛋白抑制剂基因 (GenBankaccession :AY2 8136 5 ) .     

利用抑制差减杂交技术分离受水稻抗性调控的褐飞虱基因

为分离受水稻抗性调控的褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens基因, 以取食感虫水稻台中1号和高抗水稻B5的2叶1芯秧苗24 h的褐飞虱4龄若虫为起始材料, 采用抑制差减杂交技术构建了两个群体间的正反向差减cDNA文库。通过斑点杂交从差减文库中筛选代表受水稻抗性调控的基因的cDNA克隆, 进行测序和功能分析, 挑选具功能的基因进行Northern杂交验证。结果表明, 通过斑点杂交筛选到的98个阳性克隆代表92个互不重复的单基因, 其中25个与动物的已知蛋白基因存在较高的同源性。Northern杂交表明, 这25个基因有11个表达上调, 8个表达下调, 提示它们可能在褐飞虱适应抗性水稻过程中发挥了重要作用。本研究结果为克隆上述新基因的全长cDNA序列及进一步研究其在褐飞虱与水稻互作中的功能奠定了基础。     

Suppression subtractive hybridization identifies differentially expressed genes in Brassica napus chlorophyll-reduced mutant

Suppressive subtraction hybridization (SSH) was used to identify differentially expressed genes caused by a chlorophyll-reduced mutation in B. napus. The cDNA fragments, derived from SSH positive subtractive library (tester: normal wild type, driver: mutant) were cloned into pMD18-T vector. Two hundred SSH cDNA clones were screened by dot blot array, and 151 clones were identified as differentially expressed cDNA fragments in Cr3529 line. Thirty-six positive clones which showed marked expression differences were selected and sequenced. After redundant cDNAs were removed, 33 differentially expressed unique cDNA section clones were obtained. Among the 33 clones, two clones possess different parts of the cDNA sequence of the same gene coding geranylgeranyl reductase, four clones belong to unknown proteins, and the rest share homology to genes of diverse class. Sequence analysis showed that at least 12 genes were discovered to be related to the photosynthesis, seven of them coded the proteins which belong to the subunit of photosystem 2. RNA gel blot analysis showed that compared with 3529, the gene expression of the chlorophyll a/b-binding protein Lhcb2 in photosystem 2 declined markedly in the cotyledons and seedling leaves of Cr3529, indicating that the reduced light-harvesting complex 2 accumulation in thylakoid membrane of Cr3529 was due to the decrease of the related gene mRNA level for translation.     

兔单个植入前克隆胚胎cDNA文库的构建

人与小鼠和牛在正常胚胎植入前发育过程中基因活化的研究已经取得了长足的进展 ,但是还没有对同期克隆胚胎相关研究的报道 .利用单个家兔植入前移核重构胚胎成功地构建了MⅡ卵母细胞及发育至 4 、8 细胞期的胚胎和囊胚的特异性cDNA文库 .并用 β肌动蛋白和LAPTM4α证实这类文库是可靠的 .以 8 细胞期移核重构胚cDNA文库为例 ,随机挑取克隆进行测序分析 :其中 2 3的基因EST片段可以在GenBank或EST库中找到同源序列 ,约 1 3的EST片段属于未知的新片段 ,表明这是一类重要的新兴基因资源库 (期特异性EST库 ) .这种利用单胚胎构建cDNA文库的方法 ,解决了胚胎研究材料受限的问题 ,在时间上更加精确 ,更符合胚胎发育的规律 ,也能够更加准确地反映出一些克隆胚胎的异常表型 ,是研究早期胚胎发育基因表达以及克隆胚胎再程序化基因表达的一种有效手段 .     

Isolation of cold stress-responsive genes from Lepidium latifolium by suppressive subtraction hybridization

Suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) libraries were constructed from RNA isolated from leaves of control and cold stress-induced Lepidium latifolium, a cold-tolerant plant species from high altitudes for isolation of cold-responsive genes. A total of 500 clones were obtained from the cold stress library. Dot blot expression analysis identified 157 clones that were upregulated and 75 that were downregulated during cold stress. These clones selected on the basis of their expression patterns on dot blot were sequenced. As much as 27 and 17 genes were identified from the forward and reverse libraries, respectively. The genes identified revealed homology with genes involved in diverse processes such as gene regulation/signaling, photosynthesis, DNA damage repair protein, pathogenesis-related protein, senescence-associated proteins and proteins with unknown functions.     

黄瓜芽黄突变体抑制消减杂交文库的构建及初步分析

利用抑制消减杂交技术(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)分离了黄瓜芽黄突变体及其野生型之间差异表达的cDNA片段.以突变体和野生型分别作检测子和驱赶子,建立正向和反向两个消减杂交cDNA文库;经阳性克隆鉴定,在正向文库中获得特异表达的阳性克隆有133个,在反向文库中得到的阳性克隆有73个.测序后将所得到的159条非重复且非黄瓜的ESTs(登录号:GH270133～GH270291)进行序列同源性比对分析,发现这些ESTs分别与叶绿素合成、光合系统、信号转导、转录因子、氨基酸代谢、糖类代谢、脂类代谢等相关酶及蛋白基因高度同源.     

Suppressive subtractive hybridization of and differences in gene expression content of calcifying and noncalcifying cultures of Emiliania huxleyi strain 1516

The marine coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi is a cosmopolitan alga intensely studied in relation to global carbon cycling, biogeochemistry, marine ecology, and biomineralization processes. The biomineralization capabilities of coccolithophorids have attracted the attention of scientists interested in exploiting this ability for the development of materials science and biomedical and biotechnological applications. Although it has been well documented that biomineralization in E. huxleyi is promoted by growth under phosphate-limited conditions, the genes and proteins that govern the processes of calcification and coccolithogenesis remain unknown. Suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries were constructed from cultures grown in phosphate-limited and phosphate-replete media as tester and driver populations for reciprocal SSH procedures. Positive clones from each of the two libraries were randomly selected, and dot blotting was performed for the analysis of expression patterns. A total of 513 clones from the phosphate-replete library and 423 clones from the phosphate-limited library were sequenced, assembled, and compared to sequences in GenBank using BLASTX. Of the 103 differentially expressed gene fragments from the phosphate-replete library, 34% showed significant homology to other known proteins, while only 23% of the 65 differentially expressed gene fragments from the phosphate-limited library showed homology to other proteins. To further assess mRNA expression, real-time RT-PCR analysis was employed and expression profiles were generated over a 14-day time course for three clones from the phosphate-replete library and five clones from the phosphate-limited library. The fragments isolated provide the basis for future cloning of full-length genes and functional analysis.