异甘草酸镁对胆道梗阻致肝损伤肝功能保护作用的动物实验研究

目的:探讨异甘草酸镁注射液对大鼠梗阻性黄疸肝损伤的保护作用。方法:选用健康雄性SD大鼠32只,随机分成4组,每组各8只,分别为胆总管结扎+异甘草酸镁注射液常规剂量组(BMc组);胆总管结扎+异甘草酸镁注射液高剂量组(BMh组);胆总管结扎+0.9%生理盐水注射液组(BN组)和假手术组(Sham组)。BN和Sham组以生理盐水30 mg/kg/日腹腔注射,BMc组以异甘草酸镁30 mg/kg/日腹腔注射,BMh组以异甘草酸镁60 mg/kg/日腹腔注射。术后不同时间对各组大鼠眼眶取血并获得血清。在全自动生化分析仪器检测肝功能指标:丙氨酸氨基转移酶(Alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(Aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、直接胆红素(Direct bilirubin,DBil)。结果:BN、BMc和BMh组大鼠在胆管结扎后血清中ALT和AST指标明显升高。随着梗阻时间的增加,BM和BMh组大鼠血清中ALT和AST的水平均明显低于BN组(P0.01),但两组之间并无明显区别。手术后BN、BMc和BMh组大鼠在胆管结扎后血清中D-Bil水平明显高于Sham组(P0.01),但随着梗阻时间的延长,各组间D-Bil的水平变化不明显。结论:异甘草酸镁注射液可以有效降低梗阻性黄疸大鼠血清转氨酶水平,对肝功能有明显的保护作用。     

肺结核药物肝损害30例诊治分析

目的:观察肺结核药物性肝损害的临床诊治特点,并对比分析使用复方甘草酸苷进行治疗的临床效果。方法:选取我院2010年6月~2013年5月收治的肺结核抗结核药物所致肝损害患者30例,将其随机分为实验组与对照组,对照组使用还原性谷胱甘肽进行治疗,实验组加用复方甘草酸苷进行治疗,对比观察两组患者临床效果。结果:两组患者丙氨酸氨基转移酶与血清总胆红素水平较治疗前均明显降低,且实验组治疗后较对照组更低,其治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,P﹤0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论:对肺结核使用抗结核药物导致肝损害患者使用复方甘草酸苷进行治疗,能够有效改善临床症状,降低丙氨酸氨基转移酶与血清总胆红素水平,具有理想的临床疗效及应用价值。     

硒酸精氨酸对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的探讨硒酸精氨酸对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法用连续灌服酒精的方法建立小鼠酒精性肝损伤模型。将60只雄性小鼠随机分为四组：对照组,模型组,硒酸精氨酸处理组和二氧化硒处理组。连续灌胃8周后,测定小鼠血清中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）,丙氨酸转移酶（ALT）,肝匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量。对肝脏切片做HE染色和Masson染色,在光镜下观察肝脏病理学变化。结果硒酸精氨酸能显著降低酒精性肝损伤引起的AST的升高（P〈0．01）,有效保持了肝脏中GPx和SOD的活性（P〈0．01）。病理学观察结果与酶学变化相一致,硒酸精氨酸对肝脏的保护作用明显优于二氧化硒。结论硒酸精氨酸对小鼠酒精性肝损伤具有显著的保护作用,效果也优于二氧化硒。     

参麦注射液与布地奈德联合治疗急性酒精中毒伴吸入性肺炎的临床研究

目的:探究参麦注射液与布地奈德联合治疗急性酒精中毒伴吸入性肺炎的临床疗效。方法:选择2012年6月~2015年6月期间,我院收治急性酒精中毒合并吸入性肺炎患者112例为研究对象,采用随机数字法将其随机分为观察组(57例)和对照组(55例)。对照组在基础治疗的基础上给予布地奈德治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合参麦注射液治疗,收集并分析治疗后两组患者症状恢复时间、症状消失时间、清醒后不良反应发生情况、治疗前后肝功能指标及血清炎性因子指标。结果:观察组患者清醒时间、血压恢复时间及头晕、头痛、电解质紊乱的发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后两组患者间天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)水平均出现显著降低,且观察组均显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察患者咳嗽消失、气喘缓解、哮鸣音消失及湿罗音消失时间均显著低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后两组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α及CRP水平均显著降低,且观察组均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:参麦注射液与布地奈德联合治疗急性酒精中毒伴吸入性肺炎疗效可靠,能够有效缩短患者酒精中毒症状的恢复与消失时间,降低清醒后不良症状的发生率,并且能改善患者肝功能、减轻炎症反应,具有重要的临床价值。     

异甘草酸镁对急性重症胰腺炎患者血清CAM-1、SIL-2R、IL-2水平及肝肾功能的影响

目的:探讨异甘草酸镁对急性重症胰腺炎患者血清胞间粘附分子-1(CAM-1)、可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(SIL-2R)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)水平及肝肾功能的影响。方法:选择2014年3月～2016年9月于我院接受治疗的86例急性重症胰腺炎患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组与实验组,每组43例。对照组选用常规治疗,实验组在常规治疗基础上加以异甘草酸镁治疗,两组均持续治疗14天。比较两组的临床疗效,治疗前后血清CAM-1、SIL-2R、IL-2、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、尿素氮、血肌酐水平的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,实验组总有效率为90.69%,显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组血清CAM-1、SIL-2R、IL-2、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、尿素氮、血肌酐水平均较治疗前显著降低,且实验组以上指标均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与常规治疗相比,异甘草酸镁可显著提高急性重症胰腺炎的临床效果,降低血清CAM-1、SIL-2R、IL-2水平,保护肝肾功能。     

多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗抗结核药致肝损害40例临床观察

目的观察多烯磷脂酰胆碱注射液对抗结核药所致肝损害的临床疗效。方法将我院2008年8月~2013年2月收治应用抗结核药引起肝损害患者80例,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,观察组给予多烯磷脂酰胆碱注射液697.5mg加入5%葡萄糖250ml中静滴,每天1次;对照组给予甘草酸二胺注射液150mg加入5%葡萄糖250ml静滴,每天1次。疗程结束观察两组患者肝功能变化情况,并进行比较分析。结果两组患者的肝功能指标比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论多烯磷脂酰胆碱注射液对抗结核药所致的肝损害有较好疗效。     

多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊联合复方益肝灵胶囊治疗抗结核药物致肝损伤患者的临床疗效

目的:研究多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊联合复方益肝灵胶囊治疗抗结核药物致肝损伤患者的临床疗效。方法:选取2014年4月到2015年4月我院收治的抗结核药物致肝损伤患者150例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组75例,两组均继续行抗结核治疗,对照组给予常规保肝药物治疗,研究组给予多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊联合复方益肝灵胶囊保肝治疗,比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)以及r-谷氨酰转移酶(r-GT)。结果:研究组有效率为89.3%显著高于对照组的73.3%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组治疗后AST、ALT以及r-GT显著低于治疗前,且治疗后研究组AST、ALT以及r-GT均显著低于对照组,比较差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:多烯磷脂酰胆碱胶囊联合复方益肝灵胶囊治疗抗结核药物致肝损伤具有较好临床疗效,能增强对肝脏的保护作用。     

异甘草酸镁联合熊去氧胆酸治疗自身免疫性肝炎及原发性胆汁性肝硬化的临床观察

目的:探讨异甘草酸镁联合熊去氧胆酸治疗自身免疫性肝炎及原发性胆汁性肝硬化的临床疗效。方法:选取2013年7月到2014年7月于我院就诊的自身免疫性肝炎及原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者68例,将患者随机分为两组,观察组和对照组患者各34例,对照组进行熊去氧胆酸治疗;观察组联合熊去氧胆酸和异甘草酸镁治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果:观察组34例患者有效率88.2%,对照组患者总有效率为52.9%,观察组治疗效果明显高于对照组。结论:联合异甘草酸镁和熊去氧胆酸治疗自身免疫性肝炎及原发性胆汁性肝硬化有良好效果,治疗可起到抗炎、调节免疫作用,改善患者肝功能生化指标。     

蕲蛇酶治疗急性血栓性深部静脉炎110例临床观察

目的 观察蕲蛇酶治疗急性血栓性小腿深部静脉炎的临床疗效。方法 将162例急性血栓性小腿深部静脉炎患者分为治疗组110例,对照组52例 ;治疗组用蕲蛇酶治疗,对照组用丹参粉治疗。治疗前后分别检查血液流变学指标。结果 治疗组总有效率98．2％,对照组总有效率78．8％,两组疗效比较有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。治疗组治疗后纤维蛋白原含量、全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、血沉、血小板聚集率与治疗前比较均有下降,差异显著（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）。对照组除血沉外,其余各项血液流变学指标治疗前后无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论 蕲蛇酶是溶栓和预防血栓形成的理想药物。     

甘草酸二铵肠溶胶囊防治肝功能损害的临床研究

本研究对甘草酸二铵肠溶胶囊防治抗结核药物对肝功能损害临床疗效的前瞻性进行分析。统计分析2013年1月至2014年12月期间的180例结核病患者的临床资料。在本次研究中,观察组患者治疗2周、1个月和2个月后的肝功能损伤发生率为1.11%、5.56%和13.33%,对照组的发生率为7.78%、17.78%和30.00%(p0.05)。观察组与对照组患者治疗后的肝功能指标(谷丙转氨酶,谷草转氨酶,总胆红素)与治疗前比较有显著差异(p0.05)。且治疗后的观察组与对照组患者的肝功能指标对比分析,有显著差异(p0.05)。通过相关分析表明抗结核疾病的治疗中,使用甘草酸二铵肠溶胶囊治疗,可以显著的降低对患者肝功能产生的损伤,促进结核疾病的顺利进行,并提高治疗成功率。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.