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1.
 浙江天童常绿阔叶林演替过程森林凋落物量呈增长趋势,其中:乔木叶比例最大,其它器官组分在不同演替阶段的比例不一致,灌木叶和草本、树皮比例随着演替进程而呈减少趋势,树枝和繁殖器官则呈增大趋势。以分解袋法测得凋落物年失重率和指数方程模拟的分解系数K在演替过程中均呈增长趋势,这与年凋落物数量变化趋势相似。可见,随着演替进程,生物循环加快,群落自肥能力增强。  相似文献   

2.
浙江天童常绿阔叶林演替过程森林凋落物量呈增长趋势,其中:乔森叶比例最大,它器官组分不在不同演替阶段的比例不一致,灌木叶和草本,树皮比例随着演替进程呈减少趋势,树枝和繁殖吕官则呈增大趋势。  相似文献   

3.
地表凋落物在森林物质循环中起着重要作用,但是目前缺乏对其不同分解层次中碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)演替动态的研究。该文以浙江天童常绿阔叶林为研究对象,用空间代替时间序列的方法,通过测定5个演替阶段地表凋落物不同分解层次的凋落物量、有机碳库和氮磷养分库的储量及C:N:P化学计量特征,探讨地表凋落物特征的演替动态。结果表明:1)随着演替的进行,地表凋落物量和有机碳储量呈现下降的趋势。2)在各演替阶段,有机碳含量在各分解层表现出未分解层(L)半分解层(F)已分解层(Y)的趋势;有机碳储量均表现为YF。3)演替前期群落氮含量和储量显著低于演替中后期群落;不同分解层的氮含量在各演替阶段皆表现为:YFL,且各层氮含量随着演替的进行均趋于升高。4)磷含量在演替中期群落最低,各演替阶段不同分解层的磷含量皆表现为YFL。磷储量的演替趋势不明显。L层磷储量随着演替进行趋于降低。5)随着演替进行,凋落物C:N、C:P和N:P皆趋于下降(p0.05)。在各分解层之间,C:N和C:P皆表现为YFL,N:P差异不显著。总之,随着演替进行,天童常绿阔叶林地表凋落物量降低,有机碳库及氮磷养分库的含量趋于升高,储量趋向降低,C:N:P趋于下降,体现了生态系统碳和养分循环随着演替进行在不断优化。  相似文献   

4.
中亚热带森林群落不同演替阶段优势种凋落物分解试验   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
选择我国亚热带森林群落3个主要演替阶段的7个优势种(其中马尾松代表演替初期优势种,木荷和香樟代表演替中期优势种,甜槠、小叶青冈栎、青冈和乐昌含笑代表演替后期优势种)的凋落物,采用网袋法进行分解试验. 结果表明:马尾松凋落物分解得最慢,年分解速率为0.51;木荷和香樟居中,分别为0.55和0.61;小叶青冈栎和乐昌含笑分解得最快,分别为0.89和1.12.沿着植被顺向演替的梯度,凋落物分解速度呈现加快的趋势. 分解速率同凋落物的初始P、N和木质素含量及木质素/N比值呈极显著相关(P<0.01),同C/N比值有显著相关关系(P<0.05).凋落物的P、N和木质素含量及木质素/N比值是预测凋落物分解快慢的良好指标.  相似文献   

5.
《植物生态学报》2014,38(8):833
地表凋落物在森林物质循环中起着重要作用, 但是目前缺乏对其不同分解层次中碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)演替动态的研究。该文以浙江天童常绿阔叶林为研究对象, 用空间代替时间序列的方法, 通过测定5个演替阶段地表凋落物不同分解层次的凋落物量、有机碳库和氮磷养分库的储量及C:N:P化学计量特征, 探讨地表凋落物特征的演替动态。结果表明: 1)随着演替的进行, 地表凋落物量和有机碳储量呈现下降的趋势。2)在各演替阶段, 有机碳含量在各分解层表现出未分解层(L) > 半分解层(F) > 已分解层(Y)的趋势; 有机碳储量均表现为Y < F。3)演替前期群落氮含量和储量显著低于演替中后期群落; 不同分解层的氮含量在各演替阶段皆表现为: Y > F > L, 且各层氮含量随着演替的进行均趋于升高。4)磷含量在演替中期群落最低, 各演替阶段不同分解层的磷含量皆表现为Y > F > L。磷储量的演替趋势不明显。L层磷储量随着演替进行趋于降低。5)随着演替进行, 凋落物C:N、C:P和N:P皆趋于下降(p < 0.05)。在各分解层之间, C:N和C:P皆表现为Y < F < L, N:P差异不显著。总之, 随着演替进行, 天童常绿阔叶林地表凋落物量降低, 有机碳库及氮磷养分库的含量趋于升高, 储量趋向降低, C:N:P趋于下降, 体现了生态系统碳和养分循环随着演替进行在不断优化。  相似文献   

6.
王敏英  刘强 《广西植物》2012,32(5):630-636
为探究海南岛中部丘陵地区植被恢复过程中凋落物分解动态和土壤碳氮含量变化,采用时空互代法,在琼中湾岭地区同时具有经自然恢复的草丛、灌丛、次生林和人工恢复的马占相思林4种植物群落的两个山坡采用凋落物袋法进行凋落物交互分解实验。结果表明:4类型凋落物在同一样地中分解时,灌丛凋落物肖梵天花分解速率最高;同一种类凋落物在4个样地中分解时,在灌丛样地的分解率较高,而在3个自然植被样地中,分解速率为灌丛>草丛>次生林,显示随着植物群落进展演替的进程,凋落物分解速率呈现先增加后降低的趋势;马占相思凋落物和在马占相思林样地分解凋落物的分解率均低于次生林。土壤碳氮含量变化不显著,但有随植被恢复进程而增加的趋势。  相似文献   

7.
稳定碳同位素组成能精确指示生态系统碳循环过程,可以为深入研究森林演替进程对碳循环过程和固碳潜力的影响提供关键信息.利用稳定碳同位素技术对长白山阔叶红松林演替序列3种林分——中龄杨桦次生林、成熟杨桦次生林、阔叶红松林的叶片、树干、根系、凋落物和土壤δ13C值及碳、氮元素含量进行测定.结果表明: 各演替序列优势树种叶片δ13C从冠上到冠下均呈降低趋势;树干δ13C表现为树皮小于木质部;根系δ13C表现为细根小于粗根.阔叶红松林未分解凋落物δ13C小于半分解及全分解凋落物,次生林相反;土壤δ13C沿深度逐渐增加.总体上,δ13C值叶片<凋落物<根系<树干<土壤,说明植物各器官之间有明显的碳同位素分馏效应,且相同器官不同部位之间也存在差异;植物δ13C沿演替方向先减小后增加,土壤δ13C沿演替方向不断增加,且变化规律可以通过氮元素含量与碳同位素分馏效应的关系解释,说明长白山阔叶红松林演替过程优势树种和碳周转速率的变化影响了碳同位素分馏.  相似文献   

8.
选取滇西北高原纳帕海湿地湖滨带优势植物茭草(Zizania caducifolia)、水葱(Scirpus tabernaemontani)和刘氏荸荠(Heleocharis liouana)作为研究对象,采用网袋法对凋落物的分解动态进行研究,并分析了凋落物的初始化学组成。结果表明:3种凋落物都表现出随时间进程残留率有逐渐减少的趋势,但残留率并不与时间呈线性相关。水葱凋落物残留率(70.5%)显著高于茭草(56%)和刘氏荸荠(52.5%)(P﹤0.05),茭草与刘氏荸荠凋落物残留率无显著差异。不同凋落物分解速率存在差异。刘氏荸荠分解速率最大、茭草其次、水葱最小,平均分解速率常数k值分别为0.067、0.062和0.039。3种凋落物在不同时段分解速率存在差异,凋落物的分解与温度的关系非常密切,随着温度升高,分解速率加快,且呈线性增长。此外,3种凋落物在C、N组成上也存在显著差异,但没有发现凋落物分解速率与凋落物本身C、N、C/N间的密切关系。  相似文献   

9.
森林凋落物是森林土壤的重要组成部分,凋落物分解在调控森林生态系统养分循环中发挥了关键作用。采用凋落物分解袋法,研究河北塞罕坝地区华北落叶松与白桦,华北落叶松与蒙古栎,华北落叶松、白桦和蒙古栎混合凋落叶及纯华北落叶松凋落叶分解过程中分解速率、养分释放和酶活性的变化。结果表明: 经过近2年的分解,混合凋落叶分解速率均显著高于纯华北落叶松凋落物叶;在所有处理中,华北落叶松与白桦混合凋落叶分解速率最高。在凋落叶分解过程中,不同处理养分含量变化一致,凋落叶N、P含量呈上升趋势,C、K含量和C/N呈下降趋势;相对纯华北落叶松凋落叶,各混合凋落叶分解可以促进凋落叶C、K的释放,但对N、P的释放有一定的抑制作用。在凋落叶分解过程中,不同处理凋落叶过氧化氢酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性呈上升趋势,蔗糖酶活性呈下降趋势;凋落叶分解速率与凋落叶过氧化氢酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性呈正相关,与蔗糖酶活性呈负相关。总体来看,华北落叶松和白桦、蒙古栎凋落叶混合可以促进华北落叶松凋落叶的分解,且凋落叶中酶活性动态变化与凋落叶的分解密切相关。  相似文献   

10.
森林凋落物的微生物分解   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
森林凋落物的分解是森林生态系统中物质循环和能量流动的一个重要环节,而微生物在这一过程中起着重要作用。本文系统介绍了森林凋落物微生物分解的过程及其生态学意义,并从参与凋落物分解的微生物多样性、凋落物分解过程中的微生物数量动态及群落演替、影响微生物分解的因素及微生物分解酶学等方面综述了森林凋落物的微生物分解研究概况,探讨了未来研究的方向。  相似文献   

11.
浙江天童常绿阔叶林演替过程的凋落物现存量   总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14  
凋落物现存量是土壤表层的死有机物质,由尚未分解、半分解和已分解的凋落物组成,它是森林生态系统腐屑食物链的起点,有机碳和营养元素的储库,为生态系统的运转过程提供物质和能量[3,9];同时,它也能创造幼苗定居环境的异质性[8]。因此,研究演替过程凋落物现...  相似文献   

12.
《植物生态学报》2013,37(9):803
Aims Increasing sequestration of soil organic carbon with forest succession plays a significant role in reducing global warming. However, the relationship between structure of soil carbon pools and vegetation carbon inputs is still uncertain. Our objective was to examine how structure of the soil carbon pool changes with vegetation carbon return through litterfall, forest floor and fine roots during secondary succession in evergreen broad-leaved forests.
Methods The study site is located in Tiantong National Forest Park (29°52′ N, 121°39′ E), Zhejiang Province, in Eastern China. Three successional stages (i.e., early, middle and late stages) were selected to examine contents and stocks for carbon pools for each of total soil organic carbon (TOC), mineralization carbon (MC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). The amounts of vegetation carbon return through each of the litterfall, forest floor and fine roots were determined. Then relationships between carbon pool stocks and amount of vegetation carbon return were determined by using both Pearson correlation and stepwise regression approaches.
Important findings Along the forest successional series, contents of TOC, MC, DOC and MBC increased significantly (p < 0.05). Stocks of TOC also increased through forest succession (p < 0.05), but the other three active organic carbon stocks were highest in middle-, intermediate in late- and lowest in early-successional stages. The amounts of annual biomass and carbon stocks increased for litterfall, but decreased for forest floor, and fine roots annual returned mass and carbon stocks were highest in middle-, intermediate in late- and lowest in early-successional stages (p < 0.05). Among three active organic carbon pools, MC explained 34.01% variation in TOC (R2 = 0.388, p < 0.05). With respect to vegetation carbon return, returned biomass of fine roots explained 28.2%, 50.0%, 73.4% and 68.8% of total variation for TOC, MC, DOC and MBC, respectively. In conclusion,stocks of TOC and three active organic carbon pools elevate gradually with secondary forest succession in the study area. During this process, the accumulation of fine roots and the enhancement of mineralization carbon pool are mainly responsible for soil carbon sequestration.  相似文献   

13.
Litterfall is a fundamental process in the nutrient cycle of forest ecosystems and a major component of annual net primary production (NPP). Despite its importance for understanding ecosystem energetics and carbon accounting, the dynamics of litterfall production following disturbance and throughout succession remain poorly understood in boreal forest ecosystems. Using a replicated chronosequence spanning 209 years following fire and 33 years following logging in Ontario, Canada, we examined the dynamics of litterfall production associated with stand development, overstory composition type (broadleaf, mixedwood, and conifer), and disturbance origin. We found that total annual litterfall production increased with stand age following fire and logging, plateauing in post-fire stands approximately 98 years after fire. Neither total annual litterfall production nor any of its constituents differed between young fire- or logging-originated stands. Litterfall production was generally higher in broadleaf stands compared with mixedwood and conifer stands, but varied seasonally, with foliar litterfall highest in broadleaf stands in autumn, and epiphytic lichen litterfall highest in conifer stands in spring. Contrary to previous assumptions, we found that the contribution of litterfall production to net primary production increased with stand age, highlighting the need for modeling studies of net primary productivity to account for the effects of stand age on litterfall dynamics.  相似文献   

14.
贡嘎山峨眉冷杉林凋落物的特征   总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
 研究了贡嘎山峨眉冷杉(Abies fabri)林凋落物量、凋落物特征及其N、P、K、有机碳的归还量,并探讨了它们在演替进程中的变化。结果表明,峨眉冷杉成熟林、中龄林和幼龄林的凋落物量依次为:2 809.925、2 787.086、2 043.585 kg·hm-2·a-1;其中N、P、K的归还量依次为:34.850、33.917、42.571 kg·hm-2· a-1。峨眉冷杉林凋落物量及其N、P、K的归还量较少,与我国其它森林区针叶林存在一定差异,而与美国西北部冷杉林相近。  相似文献   

15.
鼎湖山森林生态系统演替过程中的能量生态特征   总被引:25,自引:9,他引:16  
任海  彭少麟 《生态学报》1999,19(6):817-822
以时空替代的方法,将灌草丛、针叶林、针阔叶混交林和季风常绿阔叶林等4个处于同一空间下的群落当作同一样落演替进程中的4个阶段,研究了鼎湖山南亚热带森林演替过程中的能量生态特征。结果表明,鼎湖山南亚热带森林群落演替过程中,其垂直层次、叶面积指数、冠层对太阳辐射能的截获量、叶生物量、总生物量、总初级生产力、总呼吸量、净初级生产力、枯树木现存量和年输入量、昆虫啃食量、群落的能量现存量等随演替的进程而增加,  相似文献   

16.
Evaluation of litterfall production is important for understanding nutrient cycling, forest growth, successional pathways, and interactions with environmental variables in forest ecosystems. Litterfall was intensively studied during the period of 1982–2001 in two subtropical monsoon vegetation gradients in the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, China. The two gradients include: (1) a successional gradient composed of pine forest (PF), mixed pine and broadleaved forest (MF) and monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest (BF), and (2) an altitudinal gradient composed of Baiyunci ravine rain forest (BRF), Qingyunci ravine rain forest (QRF), BF and mountainous evergreen broadleaved forest (MMF). Mean annual litterfall production was 356, 861 and 849 g m−2 for PF, MF and BF of the successional gradient, and 1016, 1061, 849 and 489 g m−2 for BRF, QRF, BF and MMF of the altitudinal gradient, respectively. As expected, mean annual litterfall of the pioneer forest PF was the lowest, but rapidly increased over the observation period while those in other forests were relatively stable, confirming that forest litterfall production is closely related to successional stages and growth patterns. Leaf proportions of total litterfall in PF, MF, BF, BRF, QRF and MMF were 76.4%, 68.4%, 56.8%, 55.7%, 57.6% and 69.2%, respectively, which were consistent with the results from studies in other evergreen broadleaved forests. Our analysis on litterfall monthly distributions indicated that litterfall production was much higher during the period of April to September compared to other months for all studied forest types. Although there were significant impacts of some climate variables (maximum and effective temperatures) on litterfall production in some of the studied forests, the mechanisms of how climate factors (temperature and rainfall) interactively affect litterfall await further study.  相似文献   

17.
为了解雷州半岛地区桉树人工林凋落物量和养分归还特征,对不同林龄人工林凋落物量和养分动态连续12个月进行监测。结果表明,桉树人工林的凋落物总量为5 a9 a7 a,5 a生桉树人工林的凋落物总量显著高于7和9 a生林分,且7和9 a生林分间没有显著差异。不同林龄桉树人工林凋落物总量具有明显的季节变化,均呈双峰型,峰值出现在雨季初期和末期。林分结构因子同凋落物量相关性不显著,但气候因子中的月均温与凋落物量存在显著正相关关系。不同林龄桉树人工林的养分年循环量由凋落物量和凋落物养分含量共同决定,氮、磷、钾元素的养分年归还总量为9 a7 a5 a,且彼此间达到显著差异。凋落物养分元素归还高峰期集中在雨季前后,以冬季养分归还量较低。因此,为增加桉树人工林产量且利于人工林地力恢复,桉树人工林应适当增加种植年限,且采伐季节选择在冬季。  相似文献   

18.
Rode  M. W. 《Plant and Soil》1995,168(1):337-343
The aboveground nutrient turnover of three ecosystems representing the main stages of heathland forest succession in NW Germany was investigated in a comparative study with regard to nutrient availability of the soil and light availability below the canopy. It was expected that nutrient availability would play a decisive role in forest development on nutrient poor acidic soil. The results show that the input of nutrients into the Calluna heathland is higher than the annual aboveground turnover of N, P, Ca, Mg, and K via litterfall. Compared to the pioneering birch-pine forest, the annual aboveground turnover of nutrients within the Calluna heathland, and therefore the nutrient availability is very low, while the light availability below the canopy is high. The increasing productivity of the growing successional forest is combined with an increasing nutrient turnover, mainly via litter fall. As a result, the increasing nutrient availability favours shade tolerant species with a higher nutrient demand at the late stages of succession. Consequently, the presumed terminal stage of succession, the oak-beech forest, is characterized by low light availability below the canopy and higher nutrient supply according to the resource-ratio hypothesis of Tilman (1985, 1986, 1988).  相似文献   

19.
以浙江天童常绿阔叶林木荷群落为对象,2011年研究了不同施氮磷肥水平下凋落物生产量和养分动态特征.结果表明: 增施氮磷肥处理后,木荷群落凋落物的年生产量在6.82~8.30 t·hm-2·a-1,呈“三峰型”季节动态模式;凋落物年平均氮含量(P处理除外)和年平均磷含量增加;凋落物氮磷含量季节动态发生改变,而对凋落物氮年归还量(60.05~7147 kg·hm-2·a-1)和磷年归还量(2.94~3.93 kg·hm-2·a-1)没有显著影响.与对照相比,试验初期(2011年春季)各施肥处理下的凋落叶氮磷比普遍较高,而2011年冬季较低,说明长期施加氮磷肥可能改变森林生态系统原有的氮磷限制状况.  相似文献   

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