猪LHβ亚基基因的单核苷酸多态性研究

本研究对猪LHβ亚基基因除上游调控区以外的序列进行了SSCP分析,结果发现在该基因的3个外显子和3′调控区内没有任何SNPs位点,仅在内含子1的1367位点和内含子2的1823位点发现2个多态性位点,并对这两个位点在二花脸、约克夏和长白猪3个群体中的基因频率进行了初步分析。 Study on the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the Porcine LHβ Gene WANG Ai-hua1,LI Ning2,WU Chang-xin1 1.College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100094; 2.National Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100094 Abstract:SSCP analysis was commanded on the whole sequence of porcine LHβ gene except the upstream control region.No polymorphic site was found in the 3 exons and 3′control region.But there were 2 polymorphic sites in the 1367 site of intron 1 and 1823 site of intron 2.The gene frequencies of the 2 sites in the Erhualian,Yorkshire and Landrace populations were analyzed. Key words：LHβ gene;SNPs;intron;SSCP     

昆虫抗菌肽及其基因工程研究进展

昆虫抗菌肽是昆虫免疫后存在于血淋巴中的一类活性肽,具有广谱的抗菌、抗病毒、抑制肿瘤的生物活性,具有很高的应用潜力。本文主要介绍昆虫抗菌肽的类型、生理活性、基因的克隆与表达及转基因工程研究进展。 Insect Antibacterial Peptides and Its Progress in Advance on Genetic Engineering GONG Xia,YUE Guo-wei,SHI Yong-hui Laboratory for Animal Nutrition Research,College of Food Science,Southern Yangtze University,Wuxi 214036,China Abstract:Insect antibacterial peptides produced are kinds of bioactive peptides in hameolymph hen insect has been immunized.These peptides have the wide range of antibacterial,antiviral spectrum and inhibiting growth of tumor cell.The types of antibacterial peptides and its physiological activities,cloning and expression of the genes and transgenetic research are summarized.Its application on medicine and gene engineering are prospected. Key words：insect antibacterial peptides; physiological activity; gene     

猪主要经济性状候选基因的研究进展

随着人类基因组计划的完成和动物基因组计划的进行,许多控制动物经济性状的主基因逐渐被发现,并显示出巨大的应用前景。本文概述了影响猪繁殖、肉质、生长发育等主要经济性状的主基因的基因大小、基因定位和基因效应等,对主基因的研究在动物遗传育种科学发展中的意义也作了一些阐述。 Abstract:With the accomplishment of human genome project and the development of animal genome project,many major genes affecting animal economic traits were gradually detected,and they show great application prospect.Major genes affecting reproductive traits,meat quality traits,growing and developing traits of pig are summarized from their size,location and effect.In addition,the meaning of major gene in the improvement of animal breeding and genetics is also discussed.     

The Ninth Editorial Board of Acta Microbiologica Sinica

CONSULTANT Jilun Li,Academician(College of Biology,Chinese Agricultural University,Beijing 100094 ,China)EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Huarong Tan,Professor(Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101 ,China)VICE-EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Xiuzhu Dong,Professor(Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101 ,China)     

The Ninth Editorial Board of Acta Microbiologica Sinica

CONSULTANT Jilun Li,Academician(College of Biology,Chinese Agricultural University,Beijing100094 ,China)EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Huarong Tan,Professor(Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100101 ,China)VICE-EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Xiuzhu Dong,Professor(Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100101 ,China)     

Genetic and genomic analyses for economically important traits and their applications in molecular breeding of cultured fish

The traits of cultured fish must continually be genetically improved to supply high-quality animal protein for human consumption.Economically important fish traits are controlled by multiple gene quantitative trait loci(QTL),most of which have minor effects,but a few genes may have major effects useful for molecular breeding.In this review,we chose relevant studies on some of the most intensively cultured fish and concisely summarize progress on identifying and verifying QTLs for such traits as growth,disease and stress resistance and sex in recent decades.The potential applications of these major-effect genes and their associated markers in marker-assisted selection and molecular breeding,as well as future research directions are also discussed.These genetic and genomic analyses will be valuable for elucidating the mechanisms modulating economically important traits and to establish more effective molecular breeding techniques in fish.     

Profile of Dr. Shougong Zhang

正Dr. Shougong Zhang received his bachelor’s degree in agriculture (forestry) from Anhui Agricultural College, Hefei, China, in January 1982, and obtained his Ph.D. degree in agriculture (forest management) from Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China, in 1990. From 1982 to 1986, he taught silviculture and forest mensuration in Anhui Agricultural University. From 1990 to 1997, he worked in the Research Institute of Forestry of the Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Beijing, China, and served as the Deputy Director and then the Director of the Institute. He served as the Vice President of CAF in 1997, then the Executive Vice President in 2002, and has been the President since 2007.     

Science in China Ser.C,Life Sciences

EDITORLIANG DongcaiInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101,ChinaEDITORIALBOARDCHEN Weifeng,Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing,ChinaWU Zuze,Institute of Radiation Medicine,Academy of Military Medical Sciences,Beijing,ChinaXU Zhihong,College of Life Sciences,Peking University,Beijing,ChinaYANG Hongyuan,College of Life Sciences,Wuhan University, Wuhan,ChinaZHANG Qifa,Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan,China     

猪肠毒素大肠杆菌（ETEC）F18受体基因型检测报告

采用PCR-RFLP法检测了湖南境内大白、长白、杜洛克3品种共158头猪的E.coli F18受体基因型。结果表明,抗性基因型AA的频率为0.11,敏感型AG、GG的频率分别为0.35和0.54。 Experimental Results on Enterotoxigenic E.coli F18 Receptor Genotypes SHI Qi-shun,XIE Xin-min,LIU Xiao-chun,HUANG Sheng-qiang,HE Chang-qing College of Animal Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China Abstract:A total of 158 pigs of Yorkshire,Landrace and Duroc were selected from some swine breeding farms in Hunan province.The genotypes of enterotoxigenic E.coli F18 receptor were tested by PCR-RFLP.The results showed that the frequency of resistant genotype AA was 0.11,the frequencies of susceptibility genotype AG and GG were 0.35 and 0.54 respectively. Key words：pig; enterotoxigenic E.coli; genotype for F18 receptor     

Science in China Ser.C,Life Sciences

EDITORLIANG DongcaiInstitute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaEDITORIAL BOARDCHEN Weifeng, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, ChinaWU Zuze, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaXU Zhihong, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, ChinaYANG Hongyuan, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaZHANG Qifa, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China     

Simulation of gene pyramiding in Drosophila melanogaster

Gene pyramiding has been successfully practiced in plant breeding for developing new breeds or lines in which favorable genes from several different lines were integrated.But it has not been used in animal breeding,and some theoretical investigation and simulation analysis with respect to its strategies,feasibility and efficiency are needed before it can be implemented in animals.In this study,we used four different pure fines of Drosophila melanogaster,each of which is homozygous at a specific mutant gene with a visible effect on phenotype,to simulate the gene pyramiding process and analyze the duration and population size required in different pyramiding strategies.We finally got the ideal individuals,which are homozygous at the four target genes simultaneously.This study demonstrates that gene pyramiding is feasible in animal breeding and the interaction between genes may affect the final results.     

Advanced technologies for genomic analysis in farm animals and its application for QTL mapping

Rapid progress in farm animal breeding has been made in the last few decades. Advanced technologies for genomic analysis in molecular genetics have led to the identification of genes or markers associated with genes that affect economic traits. Molecular markers, large-insert libraries and RH panels have been used to build the genetic linkage maps, physical maps and comparative maps in different farm animals. Moreover, EST sequencing, genome sequencing and SNPs maps are helping us to understand how genomes function in various organisms and further areas will be studied by DNA microarray technologies and proteomics methods. Because most economically important traits in farm animals are controlled by multiple genes and the environment, the main goal of genome research in farm animals is to map and characterize genes determining QTL. There are two main strategies to identify trait loci, candidate gene association tests and genome scan approaches. In recent years, some new concepts, such as RNAi, miRNA and eQTL, have been introduced into farm animal research, especially for QTL mapping and finding QTN. Several genes that influence important traits have already been identified or are close to being identified, and some of them have been applied in farm animal breeding programs by marker-assisted selection.     

H-FABP、MC4R、ADD1基因多态性在3个猪群中分布及其与肌内脂肪和背膘的相关研究

具有不同遗传特性的猪种具有不同的肉质性状。尤其是地方品种和引进品种间在肉质性状存在极大的差异。在已有的研究中H-FABP,MC4R,ADD1基因同肌内脂肪或背膘相关。利用梅山猪、苏太猪和杜×长×大猪为试验动物,研究上述3个基因的多态性分布和多态性同肌内脂肪和背膘的相关性。结果表明：3个基因的多态性分布在不同猪种间存在极显著的差异,这种差异可能是肌内脂肪（IMF）或背膘（BF）不同的主要原因之一。连锁分析表明：H-FABP和ADD1基因多态性同IMF有显著的相关,但是同BF没有显著的相关;MC4R基因的多态性同IMF和BF都有显著相关性。说明：H-FABP和ADD1基因多态性有可能应用到提高IMF,同时不影响BF的育种实践中。      

耐药菌在人-动物-环境中的传播和遗传机制

我国细菌耐药现象十分普遍,多重耐药甚至泛耐药的菌株不断出现,给公共卫生和食品安全造成了重大威胁。随着人类活动以及农业畜牧业的发展,在物理和生物作用力之下,医疗行业和养殖业对环境产生了很大的负面影响,导致养殖动物及其相关环境中存在大量的耐药基因/耐药细菌。医疗行业、动物养殖、自然环境三者在耐药菌的传播和发展中是相互影响、互相作用的有机整体,耐药基因可以借助基因水平转移等方式在人、动物和环境中循环传播,增加了人类摄入耐药基因的风险。面对此类公共卫生问题,传统单一化的卫生工作系统已很难有效地解决这类挑战,急需多学科、多领域的合作来共同应对。文中对我国临床、动物和环境中的细菌耐药现状以及耐药菌在其中的传播和遗传机制进行了综述,以期为细菌耐药研究提供参考。     

Simulation of gene pyramiding in Drosophila melanogaster

Gene pyramiding has been successfully practiced in plant breeding for developing new breeds or lines in which favorable genes from several different lines were integrated.But it has not been used in animal breeding,and some theoretical investigation and simulation analysis with respect to its strategies,feasibility and efficiency are needed before it can be implemented in animals.In this study,we used four different pure lines of Drosophila melanogaster,each of which is homozygous at a specific mutant gene ...     

食品动物养殖环境中细菌耐药性研究进展

抗生素耐药性被世界卫生组织认为是21世纪人类面临的最大的公共卫生安全问题之一。近年来,抗生素耐药基因作为一种新型污染物而受到广泛关注。养殖场现已成为耐药基因的一个重要储库,耐药菌及耐药基因随着动物排泄物进入环境,从而加速了耐药基因在环境中的传播。畜禽养殖环境中耐药基因和耐药菌可能经食物链、空气等途径传至人类,给人类健康带来巨大威胁。文中结合最新文献,主要介绍了动物养殖场抗菌药物耐药菌和耐药基因的分布特点、耐药基因的持留和传播扩散、研究方法等方面的研究进展,为食品动物养殖环境的抗菌药物耐药性风险评估提供一定支持。     

Association of neuropeptide Y and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor gene SNPs with breeding value for growth and egg production traits in Mazandaran native chickens

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) are two candidate genes with a wide variety of physiological functions in growth and especially in reproduction processes. We examined the association of one SNP from each of these genes with growth- and egg production-related traits in Mazandaran native chickens. Two hundred and six individuals were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. Marker-trait association analyses were performed using both breeding value and phenotypic information. The data came from 18 successive generations of selection at a Mazandaran native chicken breeding station in Iran. Data were analyzed with a univariate animal model in an ASREML procedure to estimate breeding values of the birds for these traits. Two alleles were found for both genes, A and a alleles for GnRHR, with frequencies of 0.614 and 0.386, B and b alleles for NPY, with frequencies of 0.780 and 0.221, respectively. The additive genetic effects of the GnRHR gene on egg number and egg mass were significant. Also, body weight at sexual maturity was significantly influenced by the NPY gene. We conclude that GnRHR and NPY genes are associated with egg production and growth traits, respectively.