猞猁肝脏的组织结构观察及EGF在肝脏中的表达

利用切片方法观察了猞猁Felislynx肝脏的组织结构,应用免疫组织化学方法检测了表皮生长因子(EGF)在肝脏中的表达。结果显示,肝脏外被覆一层结缔组织薄膜,肝小叶不规则且分界不清,肝板、肝血窦及狄氏间隙围绕中央静脉呈放射状排列,肝板由一排肝细胞构成。肝细胞呈圆形或多边形,多为单核,少数具双核,肝细胞间比较松散。肝血窦发达,内可见血细胞。EGF阳性反应主要定位于肝细胞质中,表明EGF可能参与细胞新陈代谢过程的调控。     

成体大凉疣螈肝脏的组织形态学观察

本文采用HE染色和Masson染色方法,研究了成体大凉疣螈肝脏的基本组织形态和胶原纤维分布情况。解剖观察见成体大凉疣螈的肝脏发达,体积较大,分两叶,外观呈虎斑状;组织形态学观察显示其肝内结缔组织少,肝小叶分界不清晰;肝索排列呈放射状,肝细胞体积较大,胞浆丰富,细胞核位于中央或被胞质内丰富的糖原和脂滴挤到一侧,表明肝脏是其重要的贮能器官。肝实质内大量的黑色素颗粒聚缩形成黑色素团,分析认为这与已报道的蝾螈科种类相似,是低氧环境下保护性适应的结果。染色结果表明,成体大凉疣螈肝脏表面覆盖有浆膜,肝小叶内分布有较为丰富的胶原纤维。     

猫儿山小鲵肝的组织结构

通过常规石蜡切片技术对2例猫儿山小鲵（Hynobius maoershanens）肝进行组织学观察。结果显示,猫儿山小鲵肝分为两叶,右叶稍大于左叶。肝组织结构主要由被膜、中央静脉、门管区和肝细胞组成。门管区的小叶间静脉和小叶间胆管清晰可见,但小叶间动脉不易观察。肝内结缔组织少,肝小叶之间界限不清。肝细胞索围绕中央静脉呈放射状排列,但放射状不明显。肝实质中含有大量清晰可见的棕黑色色素团,可能与此物种对低氧环境的适应有关。     

四川短尾鼩肝脏和胰腺的组织解剖学研究

对四川短尾鼩肝脏和胰腺的组织解剖结构进行了研究,结果表明:肝脏分为4叶,它们的肝实质完全分开.肝小叶的分界极不明显,1个肝小叶内的肝细胞大小不一致,靠近中央静脉的肝细胞体积较小,而肝小叶外围的肝细胞体积较大.胰腺的形态松散,无法区分出胰头、胰体和胰尾.胰腺小叶非常明显,大小不等.胰腺的组织结构包括外分泌部和胰岛两部分.     

肝细胞的异质性：葡萄糖和酮体在大鼠肝脏的代谢

用大鼠肝脏门静脉或肝静脉周围的肝细胞来研究葡萄糖和酮体生成的区域分布。肝细胞通过毛地黄皂苷－胶原酶灌流技术分离。门静脉周围肝细胞的ｒ谷氨酰转肽酶的活性比肝静脉周围肝细胞高２．４倍;而谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性则相反,肝静脉周围肝细胞高出５６倍。门静脉周围肝细胞的内源性葡萄糖合成比肝静脉周围肝细胞高１．５７倍。给予刺激葡萄糖异性的底物,门静脉周围肝细胞的葡萄糖合成则增加１．７－２．１倍。肝静脉周围肝细胞的     

CCl4和脂多糖诱导的急性肝损伤中肝细胞凋亡病理特点比较

目的比较CCl4和脂多糖诱导的两种急性肝损伤模型中肝细胞凋亡的病理特点。方法雄性BABL/c小鼠随机分为正常组、CCl4模型组与脂多糖模型组。CCl4和脂多糖模型小鼠分别腹腔注射0.03 mL/kg 50?l4/橄榄油混合液和10μg/kg脂多糖与900μg/kg半乳糖胺。9 h后采集标本,检测肝细胞凋亡,血清ALT、AST活性,肝组织SOD活性、MDA含量。结果与正常组比较,CCl4和脂多糖模型小鼠血清ALT与AST活性均明显升高(P<0.01),且脂多糖模型高于CCl4模型(P<0.01);模型小鼠均有明显肝细胞凋亡(P<0.01),且两组间无显著差异,但CCl4模型呈局灶性,以中央静脉周围为主;脂多糖模型呈弥漫性,肝细胞坏死与肝组织炎症更显著(P<0.01)。CCl4和脂多糖模型肝组织均SOD活性升高、而MDA含量下降(P<0.01),但CCl4模型更显著(P<0.05)。结论CCl4与脂多糖诱导的急性肝损伤小鼠模型均有明显的肝细胞凋亡,但CCl4模型以中央静脉区为主,脂质过氧化损伤更为明显;脂多糖模型呈弥漫性,肝细胞坏死与肝组织炎性反应较重。     

肝细胞的异质性：葡萄糖和酮体在大鼠肝脏的代谢

用大鼠肝脏门静脉或肝静脉周围的肝细胞来研究葡萄糖和酮体生成的区域分布。肝细胞通过毛地黄皂苷－胶原酶灌流技术分离。门静脉周围肝细胞的γ谷氨酰转肽酶的活性比肝静脉周围肝细胞高２．４倍;而谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性则相反,肝静脉周围肝细胞高出５６倍。门静脉周围肝细胞的内源性葡萄糖合成比肝静脉周围肝细胞高１．５７倍。给予刺激葡萄糖异生的底物,门静脉周围肝细胞的葡萄糖合成则增加１．７－２．１倍。肝静脉周围肝细胞的内源性酮体生成比门静脉周围肝细胞高１．３倍。给予能明显刺激酮体生成的辛酸盐,肝静脉周围肝细胞的酮体生成仅略为增加。我们的结果证实,在基础和刺激的条件下,葡萄糖的异生在门静脉周围肝细胞中优先,而酮体生成仅在肝静脉周围肝细胞占微弱的优势。     

肝硬化患者肝脏表皮生长因子受体的表达及其意义

作者采用免疫组织化学方法研究８例肝硬化患者及６例非肝病患者肝脏表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）受体的表达及意义。结果显示肝硬化患者肝细胞核出现ＥＧＦ受体阳性反应;增生的小胆管上皮细胞呈ＥＧＦ受体强阳性反应并出现细胞核ＥＧＦ受体。提示肝硬化患者肝脏ＥＧＦ受体分布与对照组肝脏明显不同。肝硬化患者肝细胞核内ＥＧＦ受体可能与维持肝实质细胞数量有关;ＥＧＦ与胆管上皮细胞增生有关     

东方蝾螈

东方蝾螈 Cynops orientalis(David)是研究胚胎发育的良好材料,也可以作为观赏动物.它隶属于两栖纲、有尾目、蝾螈科、蝾螈属.我国福建、江西、浙江、江苏、安徽、湖南、湖北和河南等省均有分布. 形态和习性东方蝾螈分头、颈、躯干、四肢和尾五部分,成体全长6—8厘米.皮肤裸露,布有痣粒,背面黑色或灰黑色,腹面有不规则的桔红色斑块. 头部较扁,前端是宽大的咀巴,口腔顶部生有八字形的犁骨齿,是分类的重要依据.颈部不明显、躯干较扁、四肢较发达,前肢四指,后肢五趾,指(趾)间无蹼.尾侧扁而长.在水底和     

肝静脉与门静脉血液中哪个血糖浓度高

门静脉内流的血液和肝静脉内流的血液中,哪个葡萄糖浓度高?一种意见是肝静脉中的要高于门静脉,一种意见则认为是肝静脉中的要比门静脉中的低。一个问题,引起两种截然不同的答案,本文就这个问题,谈一点看法。肝脏是维持血糖浓度相对恒定,以保证全身组织细胞能量供应的重要代谢器官。与此相适应的肝脏的血液供应就不同于其它器官。与肝脏相连的血管有三条:入肝的肝动脉和门静脉;出肝的肝静脉.由腹主动脉分支的肝动脉是肝脏的营养血管,内流富含氧和养料的血液,供肝细胞更新利用。门静脉——两端都连着毛细血管的静脉,它接受来自脾、胰、胆囊和胃、小肠、大肠的毛     

Histological and histochemical studies on the distribution of a few enzymes in the neoplastic liver of Uroloncha malabarica (Linnaeus)

The present work describes histological and histochemical observations made on the neoplastic liver of Indian silver bills, Uroloncha malabarica. The histology of neoplastic tissue as well as liver has been discussed. Further, a few enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, 5-nucleotides and non-specific esterase have been localized in the diseased liver. The occurrence of lymphocytoma caused a marked change in the localization of the enzymes. Sometimes total inhibition of the enzyme was encountered. Damaged sinusoid cells and bile canaliculi of the neoplasm as well as liver lobules show no reaction for alkaline phosphatase. However, its counterpart, acid phosphatase, exhibits intense activity in both neoplastic tissue and liver cells. Aggregates of neoplastic tissue give moderate 5-nucleotidase reaction while it gives poor activity in hepatic tissue of the diseased liver. Parenchymatous cells are able to give some activity for the non-specific esterase while it is very dull in the neoplastic tissue.     

Histometric changes in the liver of inbred rats during prevention of hypokinesis]

An experimental investigation on morphological changes in the liver under prophylaxis of hypokinesia has been performed in genetically uniform material--150 premature rats of August and Wistar lines. The prophylaxis has been carried out at hypokinesia as the background produced by training in the treadban and at the combination of the latter with a pharmacological stimulator. The experiment has been performed for two months. In histological preparations of the liver the number of hepatic lobules, hepatocytes and stellate reticuloendotheliocytes per unit of the tissue area have been determined. Nuclear diameters, width of hepatocytes and sinusoid blood capillaries have been measured. Significant histometric changes in structural components of the liver have been stated after 60 days of hypokinesia with decrease of the organ. Prophylactic measures applied with hypokinesia as the background produce certain positive effect, though it is not the same in different indices and in different strains of animals.     

中国大鲵肝脏的超微结构

应用透射电镜对中国大鲵的肝脏进行了超微结构研究.观察表明,大鲵肝不具肝小叶,与其他脊椎动物有所不同.肝细胞含有单个卵圆形的核;细胞质内含有粗面内质网、高尔基囊泡、线粒体、糖原颗粒和脂滴等细胞器和内含物.胆小管由两个相邻肝细胞质膜凹陷围成,而肝血窦则由内皮细胞的胞质构成.胆小管腔和窦周隙内浸润许多由肝细胞发出的微绒毛结构.还发现了枯否氏细胞和贮脂细胞.还讨论了中国大鲵肝脏的一般形态结构特点.     

Liver ultrastructure and a new cell type in the Japanese newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster.

The liver of the Japanese newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, has been investigated using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Hepatic parenchyma was composed of clusters and cords or tubules of polyhedral cells separated by a sinusoidal net. Hepatocytes had spherical, euchromatic nuclei with one or more nucleoli and stacked mitochondria with sparse cristae and dense bodies. Rough endoplasmic reticula formed peribiliary stacks and diffusely scattered vesicles and tubules. Smooth endoplasmic reticula were more pronounced in glycogen-rich hepatocytes. Most hepatocytes contained peroxisomes, Golgi complexes and large numbers of fat droplets within the cytoplasm along with glycogen. Some cells were mainly glycogen-storing and contained few or no fat droplets. A special feature of the newt liver was biliary atresia. Bile canaliculi had short, stout microvilli which were entirely atretic in some canaliculi. Canaliculi were sealed off by junctional complexes including zonulae occludentes and maculae adherentes. The latter showed extraordinary wider desmosomal gaps in the vicinity of the atretic bile canaliculi. The sinusoid wall was non-distinctive and contained fenestrated endothelial cells connected to Kupffer cells by zonulae occludentes. A distinctive new cell type (OG cell) was observed in the newt liver. These cells were found individually or in small clusters in proximity with the sinusoidal surfaces. They had small nuclei, a paucity of cytoplasmic organelles, but numerous, unique, osmiophilic granules of two distinct types. Less numerous Type I granules contained homogeneous electron-dense material, and a predominant Type II granule contained circumferentially arranged subparticulation. Granules of both types were detected within the cytoplasm of endothelial cells and within sinusoids together with blood elements. The function of this secretory type cell remains obscure, though it may represent a stage of melanophore.     

Three-Dimensional Imaging of Hepatic Sinusoids in Mice Using Synchrotron Radiation Micro-Computed Tomography

Hepatic sinusoid, the smallest vessel in the liver, plays important roles in hepatic microcirculation. Although the structure of the hepatic sinusoids affects diverse functions of the liver, little is known about morphological alterations in the sinusoids under pathological conditions. In this study, we show that the structure of hepatic sinusoids can be identified three-dimensionally in normal and carbon tetrachloride-injured mouse liver, using the absorption mode of synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography. We observed that the hepatic sinusoidal structure on tomographic slice images was similar to that on histological images of normal and acutely injured mice. Moreover, centrilobular necrosis and structural alterations of the sinusoids in the necrotic region were detectable on tomographic slice and volume-rendered images of the acutely injured mice. Furthermore, quantitative analyses on 3D volume-rendered images of the injured sinusoid revealed decrease in the volume of the sinusoid and connectivity of the sinusoidal network. Our results suggest that the use of synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of hepatic diseases by detecting the hepatic sinusoids and their alterations in three-dimensional structures of the damaged liver.     

安南龟肝脏和肾脏的组织学观察

采用常规石蜡切片对安南龟的肝脏和肾脏进行了组织学观察。研究结果发现,肝脏分为3叶,肝实质内结缔组织少。肝脏由无数肝小叶构成,肝小叶分界不清。肝细胞为多角形的腺上皮细胞,细胞核圆球形,位于中央。胆小管沿着肝细胞索向肝小叶四周放射并连成细长的微细管道。肾脏由肾小体、颈段、近曲小管、中间段、远曲小管和收集管6部分构成,肾小体由肾小球和肾小囊组成,在肾小体附近可见致密斑样结构,未见髓袢结构。肾小球由盘曲的毛细血管构成。肾小囊是肾小管的起始端,由内、外两层壁层构成,内层与肾小球的毛细血管紧贴,外层为单层扁平上皮细胞。     

Hepatic chromaffin cells

Chromaffin cells were identified in the liver of mouse, rat, and rabbit. They are found in portal areas, sinusoid walls, or below the connective capsule. The histochemical technique which was used permited to differentiate them from enterochromaffin and mast cells. Liver chromaffin cells could be important for the adrenergic-induced hepatic glucose output.