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中国麋鹿种群密度制约现象与发展策略 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
1985年我国从英国引入在我国已灭绝的麋鹿,分别建立了北京和大丰两个麋鹿种群。14年来,这两个麋鹿种群经历了风土驯化和种群增长两个阶段。1997年底,中国麋鹿数量达671只。麋鹿种群的性比已经基本平衡,有效种群数目接近实际种群数目。北京麋鹿苑面积有限,大丰麋鹿仍生活围栏之中。于是,目前北京和大丰种群的增长都受到了种群密度的制约。对北京种群进一步的发展应加以人工调控,目前可能采取的措施有人工迁出部分个体和控制雌性生育率。大丰保护区有大面积海滩,将圈养麋鹿释放到没有围栏的海滩,实现建立自然生境中的野生麋鹿种群的中国麋鹿保护战略目标。同时,应考虑形成圈养麋鹿品系,为未来开发利用麋鹿资源开创条件。 相似文献
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人的需求是多重的,就动物园的存在而言,可以在一定程度上为人们提供关于野生动物娱乐、休闲、观光、猎奇、学习、研究、保护等等需求的服务,满足社会需求这是政府和社会对动物园的定位。 相似文献
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从事细胞的培养、冻存、特征化以及质量和污染的控制的机构叫细胞库。通过细胞培养或核移植等一类技术,我们的后代可以从冷冻动物园的细胞中,再建当时地球上已绝灭的动物。本文介绍了细胞库的研究内容、以及我国和世界各国对这个领域的研究状况。 相似文献
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《四川动物》2013,(4)
根据《圈养白鹤中国地区谱系簿2012》提供的数据,应用种群管理软件SPARKSv1.6和PMxv1.0对中国动物园白鹤圈养种群进行统计学和遗传学分析。结果显示该种群面临着许多困难,未知性别比例过高(截止到2012年10月31日,中国动物园白鹤圈养种群数量达到92只,其中雄性24只,雌性29只,未知性别39只)、年龄结构不合理(育龄个体数量充足,但幼龄个体数量仅有14只,约占现存种群的15.22%)、基因多样性丢失快(野外来源个体数量较多,达到58只,约占总数的63.04%,但是实际参与繁殖的奠基者仅有7只;该群体中某些奠基者的后代数量较多,种群平均亲缘关系值MK=0.15,从而导致现有种群只保留了野生个体85.25%的基因多样性)、种群数量增长乏力(2006~2012年种群的平均增长率λ=0.98)。因此,为了建立一个健康的白鹤圈养种群,应尽快开展性别鉴定工作,改善饲养环境条件,减少创伤引发的死亡,同时采用各种技术(如人工授精)增加潜在奠基者的繁殖机会,从而尽快扩大种群数量,并减少后代过多个体奠基者的繁殖机会。 相似文献
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据上世纪80年代统计,全世界仅有800多只黑颈鹤,主要分布在中国。动物园显然不可以再直接从野外捕捉黑颈鹤补充自己的动物资源,可偏偏这宝贝在动物园里就是不肯繁殖。动手解决这个难题,拉开了动物园从利用自然转向保护自然的序幕。[编者按] 相似文献
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牛科是哺乳纲中物种数量最多的有蹄类动物类群, 在全球广泛分布, 在陆地生态系统中具有重要的生态功能与作用。我国的牛科动物多样性较高, 据历史文献记载共有33种。然而, 自20世纪中期以来, 我国人口快速扩张, 社会经济高速发展, 对环境改造强度空前, 许多野生牛科动物的种群和栖息地受到了极大的影响。因此, 历史资料记载的物种分布是否依然符合现状, 至今未见系统和全面的评估, 不利于对我国动物资源情况的掌握和保护。为此, 我们系统检索并分析了2008年至今(2020年8月31日)在国内外公开发表的432篇学术论文, 以近年报道的红外相机调查结果为核心, 对28种牛科动物的分布以及15种牛科动物的种群现状进行了初步评估。经整理分析: (1)近年公开发表的研究显示, 中国目前有确凿分布证据的野生牛科动物有28种, 包括16种国家I级和11种国家II级重点保护野生动物, 涉及20个生物多样性优先保护区域。其中, 红鬣羚(Capricornis rubidus)属于中国新记录物种。(2)在省级区划层面, 记录到牛科动物物种数量最多的是西藏(n = 11)和甘肃(n = 11), 其次是新疆(n = 10)、青海(n = 7), 以及四川、内蒙古和云南(均为6种)。(3)分布省域最多的牛科动物是中华鬣羚(Capricornis milneedwardsii, 省区, n = 16), 其次是中华斑羚(Naemorhedus griseus, n = 11)和岩羊(Pseudois nayaur, n = 8)。(4)据历史资料记载, 6种未见分布报道的牛科动物主要分布在西藏、新疆、云南, 分别是阿尔泰盘羊(Ovis ammon)、哈萨克盘羊(O. collium)、大额牛(Bos frontalis)、野水牛(B. arnee)、爪哇野牛(B. javanicus)和缅甸斑羚(Naemorhedus evansi)。(5)中华斑羚、赤斑羚(Naemorhedus baileyi)、中华鬣羚、岩羊、北山羊(Capra sibirica)、野牦牛(Bubalus arnee)在IUCN公布的分布区外有新分布记录, 建议及时修订和更新。本研究首次对中国牛科动物的分布以及种群现状进行了较客观和全面的评价, 为后续调查需要重点关注的物种和区域以及未来的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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近四十年来,中国动物园内曾经饲养过的鸡形目鸟类有50种,38种达到产卵或繁殖成功。以国产鸡类为主,在22种特产种中,动物园饲养过的有15种,达到产卵或繁殖的有11种,为保护本国鸡类作出贡献。动物园的科技人员、兽医、饲养员,在野生鸡类的饲养、繁殖和疾病防治工作中积累了丰富经验和资料,使饲养管理水平不断提高;深入研究,总结出许多文章、论文,对我国野生鸡类饲养业的发展有一定价值,但多数发表在动物园系统“内部刊物”上,很少人知晓,特加以介绍。 相似文献
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Axenic seedling-derived two- to three-node stem segments of Nepenthes khasiana Hook.f. were successfully cultured on Woody Plant Medium containing 2.2 M benzyladenine to produce a 0.5–1.5 cm axillary shoot from each node in 7–8 weeks. The rapid growth along with the axillary branching of this shoot enabled amassing of 6–12 shoots during subculture. Excised shoots transferred to basal medium or rooted in medium containing 2.7 M naphthaleneacetic acid produced typical pitchers at leaf tips. Rooted plants were established in pots at 90–95% survival rate.Abbreviations AA
ascorbic acid
- AC
activated charcoal
- CA
citric acid
- BA
6-benzyladenine
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- KC
Knudson-C (1946) basal medium
- MS
Murashige & Skoog (1962) basal medium
- WPM
Woody Plant basal medium (Lloyd & McCown 1980) 相似文献
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长果秤锤树保护现状的初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文从自然环境、种群分布、数量、种群结构、人为破坏、保护及管理等方面分析了湖南石门长果秤锤树的就地保护现状,并从种子繁殖、扦插繁殖、栽培、试管保存及开发利用潜力等方面总结了武汉植物所近年来对长果秤锤树进行迁地保护研究的初步成果,并提出了相应的保护措施。 相似文献
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Micropropagation was assessed as an ex situ conservation strategy for the endangered Australian plant Pimelea spicata (Thymelaeaceae). Although regeneration of this species was achieved, several physiological problems were observed and examined. Explants of P. spicata had a higher multiplication rate on MS medium, than on ½ MS, but there was a significantly higher percentage of necrotic shoot tips on the higher salt medium. Increasing calcium concentration and gas exchange exacerbated shoot-tip necrosis. A number of hyperhydrated shoots were produced in all treatments, the cause of which could not be determined, although less hyperhydicity was observed in the ½ MS treatment. Shoots, rooted in vitro on ½ MS in the absence of plant growth regulators, were successfully acclimatised to greenhouse conditions, while direct rooting of microshoots using IBA gel treatment proved unsuccessful. This is the first report of tissue culture propagation of this endangered species. 相似文献
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Translocation is a recognized means of rescuing imperiled species but the evidence for the long-term success of translocations is limited. We report the successful translocation of reproductive individuals of a critically endangered shrub Otostegia bucharica from a site facing imminent habitat destruction into a nearby natural population of the species. The relocated plants were visited the year after planting and 13 years later to assess short-and long-term plant survival. Significant percentage of plants that survived transplanting shock and very dry spring following transplanting(around 36%), and further decrease of this number in the next 12 years by only 14%, indicated that O. bucharica is amenable to translocation using reproductive plants. Based on results of species distribution modeling, and failed attempts of ex situ cultivation, we propose introduction of this species into areas with suitable climatic and soil conditions.However, because there is currently no nature reserve in Uzbekistan having suitable conditions for the species under the present climate and that expected in the near future, and because all known habitats of O. bucharica are exposed to the very strong anthropogenic pressure, establishment of a new protected area, awareness building and involvement of local community in conservation activities are required to prevent extinction of this extremely rare species. 相似文献
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濒危植物的区系性质与迁地保护 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
对昆明植物园迁地保护的濒危植物的适应性进行了观察总结,并讨论了濒危植物的区系性质与其对迁地保护区适应性的关系。原产云南中部和东南部的濒危植物对迁地保护区的环境有较强的适应性。大部分种类都能正常生长、开花和结果。广布种一般比分布区狭窄种有更强的适应能力。冬季低温制约着一些濒危植物在迁地保护区的生存。而冬春季节干旱制约高山种类的生存。一些种类虽生长、开花正常,但因其传粉媒介的缺乏而不结实。因物种的生理生态特性的差异,即使具有相同区系性质的不同种类也具有不同的适应性。 相似文献
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Ellie Merrett Wade Jayanthi Nadarajan Xiangyun Yang Daniel Ballesteros Weibang Sun Hugh W. Pritchard 《Plant Diversity》2016,38(5):209-220
Approximately one fifth of the world's plants are at risk of extinction. Of these, a significant number exist as populations of few individuals, with limited distribution ranges and under enormous pressure due to habitat destruction. In China, these most-at-risk species are described as ‘plant species with extremely small populations’ (PSESP). Implementing conservation action for such listed species is urgent. Storing seeds is one of the main means of ex situ conservation for flowering plants. Spore storage could provide a simple and economical method for fern ex situ conservation. Seed and spore germination in nature is a critical step in species regeneration and thus in situ conservation. But what is known about the seed and spore biology (storage and germination) of at-risk species? We have used China's PSESP (the first group listing) as a case study to understand the gaps in knowledge on propagule biology of threatened plant species. We found that whilst germination information is available for 28 species (23% of PSESP), storage characteristics are only known for 8% of PSESP (10 species). Moreover, we estimate that 60% of the listed species may require cryopreservation for long-term storage. We conclude that comparative biology studies are urgently needed on the world's most threatened taxa so that conservation action can progress beyond species listing. 相似文献
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I. M. Sulaiman 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1994,36(3):377-380
Plantlet formation through organogenesis in callus cultures of Himalayan yellow poppy,Meconopsis paniculata D.Don (Prain), a threatened taxon of ornamental value, is described. Hypocotyl segments from 3-month-old laboratory-raised seedlings produced callus on agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) containing 10 M -naphthaleneacetic acid and 1 M kinetin. Shoots differentiated best from callus on MS containing 10 M indolebutyric acid (IBA) and 1 M 6-benzyladenine. The regenerated shoots rooted best on MS medium containing 10 M IBA. From seed germination to differentiation of plantlets through the two-step organogenesis process required 28–29 weeks.Abbreviations 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- FAA
formalin-acetic acid-alcohol
- BA
6-benzyladenine
- IAA
indole-acetic acid
- IBA
indolebutyric acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- RH
relative humidity 相似文献
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