中国露额瓢蜡蝉属的分类研究(半翅目:瓢蜡蝉科)

综述露额瓢蜡蝉属Symplanella Fennah的分类研究历史,研究该属的中国种类.记述中国露额瓢蜡蝉属2种,包括1新种--圆斑露额瓢蜡蝉Symplanella unipuncta,sp.nov.,1新组合--短头露额瓢蜡蝉 Symplanella brevicephala,n.comb..提供了分种检索表.模式标本保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆.     

脊额瓢蜡蝉属分类研究（同翅目：蜡蝉总科：瓢蜡蝉科）

综述了脊额瓢蜡蝉属的分类研究历史,记述中国脊额瓢蜡蝉属Gergithoides Schumacher 4个种,其中2个新种：Gergithoides undulatus Wang et CHe,sp.nov.和Gergithoides gibbosus Chou et Wang,sp.nov.,绘制了雄性外生殖器及外部形态主要特征图,并列有种的检索表。新种模式标本均保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。     

中国西南地区额突瓢蜡蝉属一新种（半翅目：蜡蝉总科：瓢蜡蝉科）

讨论了额突瓢蜡蝉Terticodes polyphemus Fennah,1956的物种识别,描述了中国贵州的额突瓢蜡蝉属1新种:Tetricodes fennahi sp.nov.     

广小头蜡蝉—中国新记录

1982年在协助周尧教授整理西北农学院所藏蜡蝉总科标本中.发现小头蜡蝉科(Achelidae)的一新纪录种广小头蜡蝉 Catonidia sobrina Uhler 1896,现报导如下: 成虫体长(连翅端)10毫米左右。体黄褐色.有油状光泽;头顶宽为长的二倍,前缘略突出,后缘略凹人,中域凹陷.边缘脊状.中脊一条,分头顶为二个四角形区:额细长.前缘平截状,后缘凹入.侧缘强脊状;唇基长三角形.中脊一条.侧缘脊状;喙细长.伸达后足基节外;复眼黑褐色,近圆形;触角淡褐色.     

中国瓢蜡蝉科一新记录属

报道中国新记录属广瓢蜡蝉属Macrodaruma Fennah及中国新记录种广瓢蜡蝉M.pertinax Fennah,绘制了其主要外形特征及雄性外生殖器图,首次描记了雌虫的主要外形特征。     

中国象蜡蝉科一新属新种（半翅目：蜡蝉总科）

记述中国象蜡蝉科(半翅目:蜡蝉总科)1新属:滕象蜡蝉属 Dictyotenguna gen. n.,其模式种为周氏滕象蜡蝉 Dictyotenguna choui sp. nov..简要介绍了东洋界和东古北界象蜡蝉系统学发展概况。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所国家动物博物馆。     

中国新纪录属漪扁蜡蝉属及一新种记述(半翅目,蜡蝉总科,扁蜡蝉科)

记述中国扁蜡蝉科1新纪录属和1新种:漪扁蜡蝉属Isporisa Walker,1857,背崩漪扁蜡蝉Isporisa baibungensis sp.nov..模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所,北京.背崩漪扁蜡蝉,新种Isporisa baibungensis sp.nov.(图1～11)正模♀,西藏墨脱背崩,870 m,1979-11-07,金银桃、吴建毅采(IZCAS). 新种与I.apicalis Walker ,1857相似,两者主要区别:前 者体长9.0 mmm,后者体长6.4 mm;前者顶中脊未伸达到眼前缘,头顶凹陷外侧缘具2浅凹坑,后者顶中脊超过眼前缘,头顶凹陷外侧缘无凹坑;前者中胸背板后缘具4黑斑,后者中胸背板后缘具2黑斑.     

中国瑞脊菱蜡蝉属一新种（半翅目：菱蜡蝉科：五胸菱蜡蝉族）

记述中国已知瑞脊菱蜡蝉属Reptalus 3个种,其中包括1新种:顺溪坞瑞脊菱蜡蝉Reptalus shunxiwuensis sp.nov.。编制了分种检索表。模式标本保存于西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。     

中国蛾蜡蝉科一新记录属及一新记录种

记述采自中国云南省的蛾蜡蝉科1新记录属：宽额蛾蜡蝉属Byhopsyma Melichar及1新记录种：宽额蛾蜡蝉Bythopsyrna circulata(Guerin—Meneville),绘了成虫特征图。     

扁足瓢蜡蝉属分类研究(半翅目,蜡蝉总科,瓢蜡蝉科)

对扁足瓢蜡蝉属Neodurium Fennah(半翅目,蜡蝉总科,瓢蜡蝉科)进行了重新描记,该属目前已知3种,其中2新种,即指扁足瓢蜡蝉Neodurium digitiformum Ran et Liang,sp.nov.和平扁足瓢蜡蝉Neodurium flatidumRan et Liang,sp.nov..新种模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所.     

中国似织螽属分类研究

本文对中国似织螽属已知种类进行了研究,并列出了该属已知种的检索表, 同时记述一新种,即宽翅似织螽 Hexacentrus expansus sp. nov.。该新种与H. inflatissimus Gorochov & Warcholowska-Sliwa, 1999 和H. yunnaneus Bey-Bienko, 1962相似,与前者的主要区别： 1）体明显较小; 2）雄性左前翅Cu2脉较长且直; 3）雄性前翅Rs脉从R脉近端部分出; 4）雌性翅狭,不到达产卵瓣端部; 与后者的主要区别： 1）体黄绿色,跗节第3、4节黑色; 2）雄性左前翅Cu2脉粗壮; 3）雄性前翅Rs脉从R脉近端部分出,基部稍弯曲; 4）雄性腹突细长,长于下生殖板的1/2。模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆。     

蝠蛾属Hepialus一新种记述(鳞翅目:蝙蝠蛾科)

记述蝙蝠蛾科Hepialidae蝠蛾属Hepialus 1新种:小金蝠蛾Hepialus xiaojinensis, sp. nov.,模式标本分别保存在西南大学和重庆市中药研究院.     

滇川蝠蛾四新种(鳞翅目:蝙蝠蛾科)

本文报道中支蝠蛾、叶日蝠蛾、美丽蝠蛾和里塘蝠蛾4个新种,这些新种分别采于云南和四川。     

A new protopristocerine wasp (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

Ramageoptera platycephala gen. et sp. nov., a new protopristocerine wasp, is described and figured from a female individual preserved in mid-Cretaceous amber from Tanai, northern Myanmar. Ramageoptera platycephala gen. et sp. nov. shows most of the known characters used to circumscribe the extinct subfamily Protopristocerinae, and highlights the putative status of stem-Pristocerinae that may occupy the Protopristocerinae. Ramageoptera platycephala gen. et sp. nov. is unique among the Protopristocerinae, at least, for possessing a flat and square shaped head; eyes glabrous and small; mandibles with four conspicuous sharp teeth; antenna with short scape; forewing with Rs + M vein absent; vein M straight; cell 2R1 distally opened; cell 1Cu closed, sub-equal to R cell; cell 2Cu open.     

Establishment of germline-competent embryonic stem cell lines from the MSM/Ms strain

MSM/Ms is an inbred mouse strain established from the Japanese wild mouse, Mus musculus molossinus, which has been phylogenetically distinct from common laboratory mouse strains for about 1 million years. The nucleotide substitution rate between MSM/Ms and C57BL/6 is estimated to be 0.96%. MSM/Ms mice display unique characteristics not observed in the commonly used laboratory strains, including an extremely low incidence of tumor development, high locomotor activity, and resistance to high-fat-diet-induced diabetes. Thus, functional genomic analyses using MSM/Ms should provide a powerful tool for the identification of novel phenotypes and gene functions. We report here the derivation of germline-competent embryonic stem (ES) cell lines from MSM/Ms blastocysts, allowing genetic manipulation of the M. m. molossinus genome. Fifteen blastocysts were cultured in ES cell medium and three ES lines, Mol/MSM-1, -2, and -3, were established. They were tested for germline competency by aggregation with ICR morulae and germline chimeras were obtained from all three lines. We also injected Mol/MSM-1 ES cells into blastocysts of ICR or C57BL/6 × BDF1 mice and found that blastocyst injection resulted in a higher production rate of chimeric mice than did aggregation. Furthermore, Mol/MSM-1 subclones electroporated with a gene trap vector were also highly efficient at producing germline chimeras using C57BL/6 × BDF1 blastocyst injection. This Mol/MSM-1 ES line should provide an excellent new tool allowing the genetic manipulation of the MSM/Ms genome.     

Identification of MS4A3 as a reliable marker for early myeloid differentiation in human hematopoiesis

Information of myeloid lineage-related antigen on hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) is important to clarify the mechanisms regulating hematopoiesis, as well as for the diagnosis and treatment of myeloid malignancies. We previously reported that special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1), a global chromatin organizer, promotes lymphoid differentiation from HSPCs. To search a novel cell surface molecule discriminating early myeloid and lymphoid differentiation, we performed microarray analyses comparing SATB1-overexpressed HSPCs with mock-transduced HSPCs. The results drew our attention to membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 3 (Ms4a3) as the most downregulated molecule in HSPCs with forced overexpression of SATB1. Ms4a3 expression was undetectable in hematopoietic stem cells, but showed a concomitant increase with progressive myeloid differentiation, whereas not only lymphoid but also megakaryocytic-erythrocytic progenitors were entirely devoid of Ms4a3 expression. Further analysis revealed that a subset of CD34⁺CD38⁺CD33⁺ progenitor population in human adult bone marrow expressed MS4A3, and those MS4A3⁺ progenitors only produced granulocyte/macrophage colonies, losing erythroid colony- and mixed colony-forming capacity. These results suggest that cell surface expression of MS4A3 is useful to distinguish granulocyte/macrophage lineage-committed progenitors from other lineage-related ones in early human hematopoiesis. In conclusion, MS4A3 is useful to monitor early stage of myeloid differentiation in human hematopoiesis.     

Jon Widom,the Scientist

Abstract

The structure of base non-specific ribonuclease Ms from Aspergillus saitoi was predicted by sequence similarity to guanine-specific RNase T1 of known structure. In this paper the interaction pattern of binding site of RNase Ms with differnt nucleic acids bases is analysed using model building and energy minimisation techniques. It is shown that unspecificity of this protein can be explained only when taking into account flexibility of the base recognition loop.     

A new genus of praeaulacid wasp (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea) from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber (Myanmar)

The diversity of praeaulacid wasps in Kachin amber is relatively poorly documented. Here, a new genus and species of praeaulacid wasp are described and illustrated from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber as Archeogastrinus kachinensis gen. et sp. nov., and placed in the subfamily Praeaulacinae. This new genus is distinguishable from the other Praeaulacidae because of its particular tibial spurs formula 1-2-2; its forewings with a long and thin pterostigma, a 1-M longer than 1-Rs, a 1-Rs longer than its distance to pterostigma, a crossvein 2r-rs aligned (or nearly) with 2rs-m and originating near the middle of pterostigma, a 2rs-m present, a cell 3rm long, a 1cu-a postfurcal to 1-M, a vein 2-M distinct; its hind wings cu-a reaching Cu distad M + Cu fork; and its metasoma with a first segment petiole-like (i.e., long and thin) and ventrally inflated in its distal half. The position of the genus Mesevania is briefly discussed, as well as the validity of the genus Paleosyncrasis, both described from the mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber.     

Effect of dietary fat saturation on acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase activity of rat liver microsomes

The saturation of the fat contained in the diet has been observed to affect the acylcoenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity of rat liver microsomes. ACAT activity in microsomes (Mp) prepared from livers of rats fed a polyunsaturated fat-enriched diet containing 14% sunflower seed oil was 70-90% higher than in microsomes (Ms) prepared from livers of rats fed a saturated fat-enriched diet containing 14% coconut oil. This difference was observed within 20 days after the diets were begun, the earliest time tested, and persisted throughout the 70-day experimental period. The difference was noted at all [1-14C]palmitoyl CoA concentrations tested, 2.5-33 micronM, and at temperatures between 18 and 40 degrees C. Arrhenius plots revealed a single transition in enzyme activity, occurring at 29 degrees C in both microsomal preparations. Likewise, the activation energy above this transition was the same in Mp and Ms, 12.5 KCal/mol. Addition of albumin to the incubation medium increased the ACAT activity of both microsome preparations, but the difference between Mp and Ms persisted. Mp was enriched in polyenoic fatty acids, primarily 18:2 and 20:4, while Ms was enriched in monoenoic acids. Although the 20:4 increase in Mp occurred in all phosphoglycerides, it was especially pronounced in the serine and inositol phosphoglyceride fraction. There were no differences in the phospholipid or cholesterol content, phospholipid head group composition, or protein composition of the two microsomal preparations. The possibility is discussed that the changes in ACAT activity result from the differences in fatty acid composition of the microsomes. Other microsomal enzymes exhibited varying responses to these dietary fatty acid modifications. Palmitoyl CoA hydrolase and NADPH cytochrome c reductase activities were unchanged. UDP glucuronyl transferase activity was 50% higher in Mp, but glucose-6-phosphatase and NADH cytochrome b5 reductase activities were 25% higher in Ms. Therefore, dietary fat modifications do not produce a uniform effect on the activity of microsomal enzymes.     

Endothelial cell morphometry near branch junctions of rabbit aortae

Endothelial cell morphometric data were gathered from corrosion casts of the aorta and its branches of six New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2-3 kg. The endothelial cell outlines were ditigized to provide cell orientation index (COI) from the equation COI = 2Ms/2M1-1, where 2Ms and 2M1 are the second moments of area about short and long axes of the cell. The COI varies from zero to infinity. The former occurs when cells are symmetrical (e.g., circular) since 2Ms = 2M1 and the latter occurs for a straight line. Large values of COI were found distal to intercostals, lumbars, and the aortorenal junction, and probably reflect relatively stable high shear regions. Values close to zero occur on the flow divider where the shear stress approaches zero. Other values were less predictable and we concluded that while the long axis of the cell appears to indicate flow direction, the shape of the cell does not appear to be a reliable indicator of either tensile forces or shear stress acting in it, but probably reflects a combination of the two.