脑胶质瘤组织miR-211、miR-374、miR-510表达水平与临床病理特征及预后的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨脑胶质瘤组织微小RNA（miR）-211、miR-374、miR-510表达水平与临床病理特征及预后的关系。方法：选择2013年8月至2015年8月我院诊治的83例脑胶质瘤患者作为研究对象,选择同期由于脑外伤在我院行内减压术切除的正常脑组织样本31份作为对照样本。采用荧光定量PCR检测miR-211、miR-374、miR-510表达水平,生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,应用Cox比例风险回归模型分析预后的影响因素。结果：与正常脑组织相比,脑胶质瘤组织中miR-211、miR-374表达水平明显下降,miR-510表达水平明显升高（P<0.05）。脑胶质瘤组织miR-211、miR-374、miR-510表达均与WHO分级和卡氏功能状态量表(KPS)评分有关（P<0.05）。miR-211、miR-374低表达患者的5年总生存率明显低于高表达患者,miR-510低表达患者的5年总生存率明显高于高表达患者（P<0.05）。WHO分级、KPS评分、miR-211、miR-374和miR-510表达是脑胶质瘤患者预后的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：脑胶质瘤组织中miR-211和miR-374表达下调,而miR-510表达上调,miR-211、miR-374和miR-510表达均与WHO分级、KPS评分和预后相关,检测miR-211、miR-374和miR-51在脑胶质瘤患者的诊断和治疗中具有一定临床意义。     

Plasma microRNA profiling highlights miR-1260b and miR-720 as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

This paper was designed to explore the value of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers that may facilitate the early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Plasma miRNA profiles were defined via an array-based approach using samples from ESCC patients and healthy controls (n=5 each). Differentially expressed miRNAs in these samples were validated via qPCR in ESCC patients (n=96) and healthy controls (n=51), and the relationship between ESCC patient plasma miR-1260b and miR-720 levels and clinicopathological characteristics were additionally examined. In total, 12 plasma miRNAs that were differentially expressed between ESCC patients and healthy controls were identified via miRNA. Six of these miRNAs were subsequently validated, revealing that both miR-1260b and miR-720 were significantly differentially abundant in ESCC patients and controls, with miR-1260b being significantly upregulated in ESCC patients relative to controls (2.24, 1.41 respectively, P<0.001), while the opposite was observed with respect to miR-720 (0.66, 2.27 respectively, P=0.001). The use of both miR-720 and miR-1260b as a combined diagnostic tool was highly efficacious, yielding an AUC of 0.814, a sensitivity of 86.3%, and a specificity of 73.2% as a means of detecting ESCC patients. Elevated plasma miR-1260b level was also associated with a poorer patient prognosis when compared to patients with a low plasma miRNA level (P=0.021). This study has successfully developed a plasma miRNA biomarker signature of ESCC that may offer value as a diagnostic or prognostic tool when evaluating patients with ESCC.     

miR-223 regulates migration and invasion by targeting Artemin in human esophageal carcinoma

Background

Artemin (ARTN) is a neurotrophic factor belonging to the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor family of ligands. To develop potential therapy targeting ARTN, we studied the roles of miR-223 in the migration and invasion of human esophageal carcinoma.

Methods

ARTN expression levels were detected in esophageal carcinoma cell lines KYSE-150, KYSE-510, EC-9706, TE13, esophageal cancer tissues and paired non-cancerous tissues by Western blot. Artemin siRNA expression vectors were constructed to knockdown of artemin expression mitigated migration and invasiveness in KYSE150 cells. Monolayer wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay were applied to observe cancer cell migration and invasion. The relative levels of expression were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR.

Results

ARTN expression levels were higher in esophageal carcinoma tissue than in the adjacent tissue and was differentially expressed in various esophageal carcinoma cell lines. ARTN mRNA contains a binding site for miR-223 in the 3'UTR. Co-transfection of a mir-223 expression vector with pMIR-ARTN led to the reduced activity of luciferase in a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, suggesting that ARTN is a target gene of miR-223. Overexpression of miR-223 decreased expression of ARTN in KYSE150 cells while silencing miR-223 increased expression of ARTN in EC9706 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-223 in KYSE150 cells decreased cell migration and invasion. Silencing of miR-223 in EC9706 cells increased cell migration and invasiveness.

Conclusions

These results reveal that ARTN, a known tumor metastasis-related gene, is a direct target of miR-223 and that miR-223 may have a tumor suppressor function in esophageal carcinoma and could be used in anticancer therapies.     

非小细胞肺癌患者血浆miR-17和miR-204水平表达的临床意义及其预测价值分析

摘要 目的：检测非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者血浆miR-17和miR-204表达,分析其表达与临床病理参数的关系及其对NSCLC预后的预测价值。方法：选择我院2015年6月至2017年6月期间收治的117例NSCLC患者（观察组）和同期于我院进行体检的100例健康者（对照组）作为研究对象,采用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)检测血浆中miR-17和miR-204表达,分析血浆miR-17、 miR-204表达与NSCLC患者临床病理参数的关系。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血浆miR-17、 miR-204对NSCLC患者预后的预测价值。结果：观察组患者血浆miR-17表达高于对照组（P＜0.05）、miR-204表达低于对照组（P＜0.05）,miR-17表达与淋巴结转移、远处转移有关（P＜0.05）,miR-204表达与TNM分期、远处转移有关（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示miR-17、 miR-204预测 NSCLC患者预后的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.821、0.836。miR-17、miR-204两指标的联合检测对NSCLC患者预后的预测价值更高：敏感度和特异度分别为89.36%(42/47)、92.86%（65/70)。结论：NSCLC患者血浆miR-17、miR-204均存在异常表达,且与患者临床病理参数有关,可能作为NSCLC患者预后预测的潜在生物学指标。     

血清miR-203、miR-217表达与急性髓系白血病患者预后的关系

摘要 目的：探究血清miR-203、miR-217表达与急性髓系白血病(AML)患者预后的关系。方法：选择2010年4月至2014年4月我院诊治的101例AML患者作为AML组,AML组根据治疗效果进一步分为完全缓解组和复发组,选择同期在我院体检的101例健康者作为健康组。采用荧光定量PCR检测各组的血清miR-203、miR-217表达水平,分析血清miR-203、miR-217表达水平与患者临床病理特征的关系,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析不同血清miR-203、miR-217表达水平AML患者的预后。结果：与健康组相比,AML组的血清miR-203、miR-217表达水平明显更低（P<0.05）。与完全缓解组相比,复发组的血清miR-203、miR-217表达水平明显更低（P<0.05）。血清miR-203表达水平与AML患者白细胞计数相关（P<0.05）,而血清miR-217表达水平与AML患者血小板计数相关（P<0.05）。血清miR-203相对高表达和miR-217相对高表达的AML患者5年生存率分别高于血清miR-203相对低表达和miR-217相对低表达患者（Log Rank ^miR-203 =17.870,Log Rank ^miR-217 =28.926,均P=0.000）。结论：血清miR-203、miR-217的表达水平与AML密切相关,检测血清miR-203、miR-217表达水平可能有助于评估AML患者的预后。     

miR-324-5p、miR-605-3p在脑胶质瘤组织的表达及与临床病理参数和预后的关系

摘要 目的：探讨微小核糖核酸（miRNA）-324-5p、miR-605-3p在脑胶质瘤组织的表达及与临床病理参数和预后的关系。方法：选取2018年1月～2019年12月徐州医科大学附属医院收治的90例脑胶质瘤患者。收集术中部分瘤组织和瘤旁组织,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（qRT-PCR）检测miR-324-5p、miR-605-3p表达。根据脑胶质瘤组织中miR-324-5p、miR-605-3p表达的平均值分为高表达组和低表达组,采用Kaplan-Meier法分析不同miR-324-5p、miR-605-3p表达脑胶质瘤患者生存情况,采用多因素Cox回归分析脑胶质瘤患者预后的影响因素。结果：与瘤旁组织比较,脑胶质瘤组织中miR-324-5p、miR-605-3p表达降低（P＜0.05）。不同分化程度、淋巴结转移、世界卫生组织（WHO）中枢神经系统肿瘤分类的脑胶质瘤患者miR-324-5p、miR-605-3p表达比较有差异（P＜0.05）。90例脑胶质瘤患者3年总生存率为36.67%（33/90）。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析显示,miR-324-5p高表达组、miR-605-3p高表达组总生存率高于miR-324-5p低表达组、miR-605-3p低表达组（P＜0.05）。多因素Cox回归分析显示,低分化、淋巴结转移和WHO中枢神经系统肿瘤分类Ⅲ～Ⅳ级为脑胶质瘤患者死亡的独立危险因素,miR-324-5p和miR-605-3p升高为独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。结论：脑胶质瘤组织中miR-324-5p、miR-605-3p呈低表达,与分化程度、淋巴结转移、WHO中枢神经系统肿瘤分类有关,miR-324-5p、miR-605-3p低表达还可导致不良预后。     

Serum miR-146a and miR-223 as potential new biomarkers for sepsis

Objective

Current biomarkers cannot completely distinguish sepsis from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) caused by other non-infectious diseases. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are promising biomarkers for several diseases, but their correlation with sepsis is not totally clarified.

Methods

Seven miRNAs related to inflammation or infection were included in the present study. Serum miRNA expression was investigated in 50 patients diagnosed with sepsis, 30 patients with SIRS and 20 healthy controls to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value. Expression levels of serum miRNAs were determined by quantitative PCR using the Qiagen miScript system. Serum CRP and IL-6 levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Serum miR-146a and miR-223 were significantly reduced in septic patients compared with SIRS patients and healthy controls. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of miR-146a, miR-223 and IL-6 were 0.858, 0.804 and 0.785, respectively.

Conclusion

Serum miR-146a and miR-223 might serve as new biomarkers for sepsis with high specificity and sensitivity. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00862290.)     

外周血miR-223和血清BNP水平在慢性心力衰竭患者中的诊断价值

目的:探究慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure,CHF)患者外周血microRNA-223(miR-223)和血清B型利钠肽(B-type natriuretic peptide,BNP)水平及其诊断价值。方法:选取CHF患者65例(CHF组),其中美国纽约心脏病协会(New York Heart Association,NYHA)心功能分级Ⅱ级24例,Ⅲ级22例,Ⅳ级19例。另取40例同期在体检中心进行健康体检者(Control组),采用实时荧光定量PCR检测外周血中miR-223水平,ELISA检测血清BNP含量,ROC曲线评价miR-223及BNP对CHF的诊断价值。结果:CHF组左心室短轴缩短率及左心室射血分数显著低于Control组(P0.01);左心室舒张末期内径显著高于Control组(P0.01)。CHF组不同NYHA心功能分级患者miR-223和BNP水平均高于Control组,且miR-223和BNP水平随NYHA心功能分级逐渐递增,组间两两比较均显示统计学差异(P0.05)。miR-223诊断CHF的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.7375,临界值为43.51时灵敏度为92.82%,特异度为89.44%;BNP诊断CHF的AUC为0.7925,临界值为128 ng/L时灵敏度为92.93%,特异度为92.58%。结论:CHF患者外周血miR-223和血清BNP水平高于健康对照人群,其对CHF的诊断具有一定的临床参考价值。     

miR-223在结肠癌组织中的表达及促进结肠癌细胞迁移侵袭的机制研究

目的:探讨微小RNA-223 (mi R-223)在结肠癌组织中的表达及对结肠癌HT-29细胞侵袭、迁移能力的影响及机制。方法:检测mi R-223在结肠癌组织与癌旁组织中的表达。通过脂质体转染法将mi R-223模拟物(mi R-223 mimics,mi R-223 mimics组)及microRNA无关序列(mi R-223 NC,NC组)转染入结肠癌HT-29细胞。采用Real-time PCR检测转染后细胞中mi R-223和TWIST的表达,Western blot检测TWIST的蛋白表达,Tranwell检测细胞的迁移与侵袭能力。双荧光素酶报告基因检测mi R-223对TWIST基因启动子活性的影响。采用Transwell迁移与侵袭实验检测mi R-223 mimic及Twist si RNA共转染后人结肠癌细胞系HT-29迁移与侵袭能力的变化。结果:与癌旁结肠组织比较,mi R-223在结肠癌组织中呈现明显高表达(P0.05);与空白对照组和mi R-223 NC组比较,转染mi R-223 mimics后的HT-29细胞中的mi R-223表达显著增加(P0.05)。与阴性对照组和空载转染组相比较,mi R-223 mimics转染组穿透的细胞数目明显增加(P0.05),且mi R-223 mimics转染组的细胞侵袭能力显著增强(P0.05)。与mi R-223 NC组和空白对照组比较,转染mi R-223 mimics的HT-29细胞的TWIST基因m RNA和蛋白表达均显著增加(P0.05)。双荧光素酶检验结果显示TWIST为mi R-223的下游靶基因。共转染TWIST si RNA和mi R-223 mimics的结肠癌HT-29细胞的迁移与侵袭能力较单独转染mi R-223 mimics的HT-29细胞显著减弱(P0.05)。结论:mi R-223可能通过上调下游靶基因TWIST水平促进结肠癌HT-29细胞的迁移与侵袭。     

miR-146a Polymorphism Influences Levels of miR-146a,IRAK-1, and TRAF-6 in Young Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Modulation of nuclear factor KappaB (NF-κB) activation may play a role in regulating inflammatory conditions associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) primarily targets interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1) and tumour necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF-6), which results in inhibition of NF-κB via the TLR pathway. This study investigated the influence of the miR-146a GC rs2910164 on miR-146a expression in young South African Indians with CAD. CAD patients and controls were genotyped by PCR–RFLP and miRNA-146a levels were measured by qPCR. IRAK-1, TRAF-6 and NF-κB expression was determined by Western blot. No differences in genotypic frequency was found (GG: 45 vs. 47 %, GC: 46 vs. 41 %, CC: 9 vs. 12 %) in controls and patients respectively (odds ratio = 1.025; 95 % confidence interval 0.6782–1.550; p = 0.9164). Significantly higher levels of miR-146a was associated with CAD patients with the CC genotype (6.25-fold increase relative to controls and patients with the wildtype variant, p < 0.0001). Significantly lower levels of IRAK-1 (0.38 ± 0.02; p = 0.0072) and TRAF-6 (0.44 ± 0.02; p = 0.0146) was found in CAD patients with the CC genotype. The lowest levels of NF-κB and C-reactive protein were found in patients with the homozygous C allele compared to the heterozygous GC and wildtype variants. We propose a role for miR-146a in TLR signalling through a negative feedback mechanism involving the attenuation of NF-κB by down-regulation of IRAK-1 and TRAF-6. Our observations implicate miR-146a as a target for lowering inflammation in CAD patients.     

Down-regulation of TGF-b1, TGF-b receptor 2, and TGF-b-associated microRNAs,miR-20a and miR-21, in skin lesions of sulfur mustard-exposed Iranian war veterans

Abstract

Sulfur mustard (SM) affects divergent cellular pathways including cell cycle, apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammatory responses. SM-induced lesions in skin include late-onset hyper-pigmentation, xerosis, and atrophy. It seems that TGF-b signaling pathway is a major player for SM pathogenesis. Here, we have employed a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach to evaluate the expression alterations of all TGF-b variants and their receptors in skin biopsies obtained from 10 Iran–Iraq war veterans. Using specific LNA primers, the expression alteration of a TGF-bR2 regulator, miR-20a, and TGF-b downstream target, miR-21, was also assessed in the same samples Our real-time PCR data revealed a significant down-regulation of TGF-b1 and TGF-bR2, the major mediators of TGF-b signaling pathway, in skin biopsies of SM-exposed patients (p?=?0.0015 and p?=?0.0115, respectively). Down-regulation of TGF-b signaling pathway seems to contribute in severe inflammation observed in SM-exposed patients’ tissues. MiR-20a and miR-21, as two important TGF-b associated microRNAs (miRNAs), were also down-regulated in SM-exposed skin lesions, compared to those of control group (p?=?0.0003). Based on our findings, these miRNAs could be directly or indirectly involve in the pathogenesis of SM. Altogether, our data suggest the suitability of TGF-b1, TGF-bR2, as well as miR-20a and miR-21 as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of SM-exposed patients.     

非小细胞肺癌患者血清miR-146a、miR-141的表达及临床意义

目的:研究非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者血清微小RNA-146a(mi R-146a)、mi R-141的表达及临床意义。方法:选取2015年1月至2018年1月我院收治的106例NSCLC患者记为NSCLC组,另选取同期于我院进行体检的40例健康体检者记为健康对照组。采用荧光实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测两组血清mi R-146a、mi R-141的表达水平,分析NSCLC患者血清mi R-146a、mi R-141表达水平与临床病理参数的关系,比较血清mi R-146a、mi R-141单一诊断及联合诊断NSCLC的曲线下面积(AUC)、灵敏度、特异度。结果:NSCLC组患者的血清mi R-146a、mi R-141表达水平高于健康对照组(P0.05)。NSCLC患者血清mi R-146a表达水平与病理分期有关(P0.05),与年龄、性别、吸烟史、病理类型、病理分级、肿瘤直径及是否伴有淋巴结转移无关(P0.05)。NSCLC患者血清mi R-141表达水平与病理分期、病理分级及是否伴有淋巴结转移有关(P0.05),与年龄、性别、吸烟史、病理类型、肿瘤直径无关(P0.05)。血清mi R-146a、mi R-141单一诊断及两者联合诊断NSCLC的AUC分别为0.841、0.772、0.921,敏感度分别为85.1%、80.5%、93.5%,特异度分别为84.2%、75.3%、89.8%。结论:NSCLC患者血清mi R-146a、mi R-141表达水平升高,且与部分临床病理参数有关,两者联合检测对NSCLC诊断具有较高的诊断价值。     

Evaluation of miR-21 and miR-150 expression in immune thrombocytopenic purpura pathogenesis: a case-control study

Background

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a common autoimmune disorder diagnosed with thrombocytopenia and bleeding symptoms due to production of autoantibodies (Abs) against platelets. Nowadays, microRNAs are known as novel biomarkers for diagnosis of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of miR-21 and miR-150 in ITP patients and determine the role of these miRNAs in ITP pathogenesis.

Materials and Methods

Thirty newly diagnosed patients with acute ITP and 30 healthy subjects( age and sex matched) as controls were enrolled in this study. The expression level of miR-21 and miR-150 was investigated using Real-time-PCR. Comparison of demographic characteristics of the cases was done using independent t-test and chi-square test. Comparison of the expression level of miR-21 and miR-150 with the related parameters was done using independent t-test or Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis test. Spearman rho correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between the expression of miR-21 and miR-150 with demographic characteristics.

Results

The expression of miR-21, 150 in the patients was not different compared with the control group in general. A significant relationship between the expression of miR-21 with hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cell hemoglobin concentration was observed.

Discussion

Expression of miR-21 and miR-150 is not associated with pathogenesis of acute ITP and can involve the synergistic role of other miRNAs. Investigation of miR-21 and miR-150 expression along with other miRNAs and cytokines can be helpful in diagnosis and pathogenesis of ITP.

     

Circulating miR-3613-5p but not miR-125b-5p,miR-199a-3p,and miR-451a are biomarkers of endometriosis

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the utility of circulating miR-125b-5p, miR-199a-3p, miR-451a, and miR-3613-5p as biomarkers of endometriosis.Study designPatients with stage III or IV of endometriosis according to the revised American Society of Reproductive Medicine (rASRM) staging classification, as well as control women, were recruited. We created a prospective study conducted on a group of 48 patients (n = 25 controls, n = 24 endometriosis) who had laparoscopic surgery. Blood samples were taken and plasma miRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and assessed with AUC and ROC curves.ResultsMiR-451a and miR-3613-5p were significantly decreased in the plasma of endometriosis patients. miR-451a had a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve 0.8283 and miR-3613-5p had a ROC area under the curve 0.7617. The concentration of circulating miR-125b-5p and miR-199-3p did not differ between endometriosis patients and controls. Plasma miRNA levels did not change with BMI, smoking status, fertility problems, or menstrual pain according to the VAS scale (p > 0.05).ConclusionCirculating miR-451a and miR-3613-5p levels significantly differed between endometriosis and controls. However, the levels of miR-451a were discordant with previous studies. Therefore, miR-3613-5p may have better potential as the endometriosis biomarker. Circulating miR-125b-5p and miR-199a-3p cannot be used as reliable markers of endometriosis.     

miR-223 contributes to the AGE-promoted apoptosis via down-regulating insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in osteoblasts

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been confirmed to induce bone quality deterioration in diabetes mellitus (DM), and to associate with abnormal expression of miRNAs in DM patients or in vitro. Recently, miRNAs have been recognized to mediate the onset or progression of DM. In the present study, we investigated the regulation on miR-223 level by AGE-BSA treatment in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells, with real-time quantitative PCR assay. And then we examined the inhibition of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression by miR-223, via targeting of the 3′ UTR of IGF-1R with real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting and luciferase reporter assay. Then we explored the regulation of miR-223 and IGF-1R levels, via the lentivirus-mediated miR-223 inhibition and IGF-1R overexpression in the AGE-BSA-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. It was demonstrated that AGE-BSA treatment with more than 100 μg/ml significantly up-regulated miR-223 level, whereas down-regulated IGF-1R level in MC3T3-E1 cells. And the up-regulated miR-223 down-regulated IGF-1R expression in both mRNA and protein levels, via targeting the 3′ UTR of IGF-1R. Moreover, though the AGE-BSA treatment promoted apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells, the IGF-1R overexpression or the miR-223 inhibition significantly attenuated the AGE-BSA-promoted apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. In summary, our study recognized the promotion of miR-223 level by AGE-BSA treatment in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. The promoted miR-223 targeted IGF-1R and mediated the AGE-BSA-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells. It implies that miR-223 might be an effective therapeutic target to antagonize the AGE-induced damage to osteoblasts in DM.     

High expression of miR-338 is associated with poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia undergoing chemotherapy

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with unfavorable outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators and prognostic factors involved in AML. To determine the clinical role of miR-338 in AML, a total of 164 adults with de novo AML were collected. These patients were classified into a chemotherapy group and an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) group according to the clinical treatment, and then each group was divided into two subgroups based on the median miR-338 expression values. We found that upregulated miR-338 positively correlates with higher frequencies of complex karyotype, RUNX1 mutation, and poor risk status. In the chemotherapy group, high expression of miR-338 was independently associated with shorter EFS and OS. However, no significant differences were observed between the two subgroups within the allo-HSCT group. We also divided all patients into two groups according to the median miR-338 expression values of the whole cohort. In the miR-338 high expression group, patients receiving allo-HSCT had longer OS and EFS than those receiving chemotherapy only. In contrast, patients receiving different therapies had similar OS and EFS in the miR-338 low expression group. Our study suggests that high expression of miR-338 is an adverse prognostic biomarker in patients with AML undergoing chemotherapy and may guide treatment decisions for AML. Furthermore, allo-HSCT could significantly overcome the negative effect of high miR-338 expression, but it seemed to be unbeneficial and unnecessary for low miR-338 expressions.