Fatmax和AT强度运动干预对中老年糖尿病前期人群糖和骨质代谢的影响

为探究最大脂肪氧化强度(fatmax)和无氧阈强度(AT)运动干预对糖尿病前期人群糖和骨质代谢的影响,本研究选取73名中老年糖尿病前期人群为受试者进行随机分组,分别分为最大脂肪氧化强度运动组(F组,25人)、无氧阈强度运动组(A组,25人)、对照组(C组,23人),并对所有受试者进行前测(身体成分,骨密度,生长激素分泌指标,骨质代谢指标,胰岛素敏感性指标),前测结束后24 h内分别对F组进行最大脂肪氧化强度测试;对A组进行无氧阈强度测试,前测结束48 h后开始为期36周的运动干预,运动干预结束后再对所有受试者进行后测。研究发现,以C组作为参照,F组、A组经过36周两种强度运动干预后,体重指数(BMI)、体脂率、腰臀比、葡萄糖耐量(OGT)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、抵抗素(resistin)水平的后测数据显著低于前测数据(p0.05);血清生长激素(GH)水平、类胰岛素一号增长因子(IGF-1)水平、血清骨钙素(BGP)水平的后测数据显著高于前测数据(p0.05)。相比C组,A组经过36周无氧阈强度运动干预后,股骨颈骨密度、大转子骨密度、Ward's三角区骨密度、腿部肌力的后测数据显著高于前测数据(p0.05);F组经过36周最大脂肪氧化强度运动干预后,股骨颈骨密度、大转子骨密度、Ward's三角区骨密度、腿部肌力后测数据高于前测数据但是未达到显著性差异(p0.05)。研究数据表明长期采用最大脂肪氧化强度或无氧阈强度运动均可有效改善中老年糖尿病前期人群的糖和骨质代谢,并且无氧阈强度运动对骨质代谢具有更好的改善效果。     

不同强度抗阻训练对糖耐量受损老年人糖代谢的调节与强度无关

为了探讨不同强度抗阻训练对糖代谢调节的作用,为糖耐量受损老年人运动处方的制定提供参考,本研究招募80名自愿参与本研究的糖耐量受损老年人,将其随机分为高强度抗阻训练组(high group,H组,n=20)、中强度抗阻训练组(medial group,M组,n=20)、低强度抗阻训练组(low group,L组,n=20)和对照组(control group,C组,n=20)。通过对所有受试者进行前测(身体成分,生长激素分泌指标,空腹血糖、胰岛素敏感性指标),前测结束后48 h内进行H组、M组、L组最大力量测试(1 RM测试),72 h后开始为期36周的运动干预,运动干预结束后进行后测(身体成分,生长激素分泌指标,胰岛素敏感性指标),本研究发现H组、M组、L组经过36周运动干预后BMI、体脂百分比、腰臀比(WHR)、OGTT、HOMA-IR、抵抗素的后测均显著低于前测(p0.05);C组BMI、体脂百分比、腰臀比、空腹血糖、OGTT、HOMA-IR、抵抗素前后测无显著性差异(p0.05);H组、M组、L组BMI、体脂百分比、腰臀比、OGTT、HOMA-IR、抵抗素后测均显著低于C组(p0.05)。H组、M组、L组经过36周运动干预GH、IGF-1显著高于前测(p0.05)且H组、M组、L组GH、IGF-1后测显著高于C组(p0.05)。本研究表明,抗阻训练可以显著提高糖耐量受损人群胰岛素敏感性,改善糖代谢,其机制可能为非单一因素导致,应该与抗阻运动诱发的血清GH、IGF-1上升和抵抗素降低有关。     

补肾壮骨颗粒对去卵巢大鼠血清GH和IGF-1及其骨组织中受体表达的影响*

目的:探讨补肾壮骨颗粒对去卵巢大鼠血清生长激素(GH)和胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)及其骨组织中相关受体表达的影响。方法:SD未育雌性大鼠48只(体重273.0±21.3g),分为4组,补肾壮骨颗粒组(BSZG组)给药量为2.5 g/(kg·d),戊酸雌二醇组(E2组)给药量为0.071 mg/(kg·d),假手术组(SHAM组)及去卵巢模型组(OVX组)灌服等量生理盐水。每组各12只,每日干预1次。分别干预3个月、6个月后各取半数,活体采用骨密度仪检测骨密度(BMD)后进行取材,ELISA法检测血清GH和IGF-1,qPCR法检测骨组织GHR及IGF-1R,Image J软件分析垂体GH免疫组化片OD值和阳性细胞计数。结果:①干预3个月后,与SHAM组相比,OVX组腰椎及脊柱BMD均下降(P＜0.05),两药物干预组未见明显差异(P＞0.05);与OVX组相比,BSZG组两部位BMD及E2组脊柱BMD均有所上升(P＜0.05),但两药物干预组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。干预6个月后,与SHAM组相比,OVX组腰椎及脊柱BMD均有下降(P＜0.05),两组药物干预组BMD无明显下降(P＞0.05);与OVX组相比,两药物干预组脊柱及股骨BMD均上升(P＜0.05),但两药物干预组组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。②两阶段干预后,与OVX组相比,BSZG组血清GH及IGF-1、骨组织GHR及IGF-1R的表达水平均上升(均P＜0.05);E2组血清GH和左侧胫骨两受体表达水均上升(P＜0.05),但血清IGF-1水平不变(P＞0.05)甚至下降(P＜0.05)。③两阶段干预后,与SHAM组相比,OVX组光密度值及阳性细胞计数均有下降(P＜0.05);与OVX组相比,两药物干预组光密度值和阳性细胞数均有上升(P＞0.05)。④Pearson相关分析显示:血清GH、IGF-1浓度及其骨组织受体与BMD呈正相关。血清GH浓度与光密度值及阳性细胞数呈正相关。结论:补肾壮骨颗粒可提高去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠血清GH、IGF-1及其骨组织中受体的表达水平,防止骨量的进一步丢失和增加骨密度。     

巴戟天结合振动干预对老年2型糖尿病大鼠有着积极的疗效

为讨论中药(巴戟天)结合运动干预(振动干预)处方对老年2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素敏感性和骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)的影响效果,本研究将100只SPF级SD大鼠随机将分为高脂饲料喂组(HF组,n=80),正常喂食组(F组, n=20),12周后高HF组的80只SD大鼠注射链脲佐菌素(stz),构建2型糖尿病骨质疏松动物模型,4周后对所有大鼠进行糖代谢、胰岛素敏感性、骨质代谢、BMD前测和评价造模,一般饲料正常喂食的F组20只大鼠为对照组(C组, n=20),造模成功的2型糖尿病骨质疏松大鼠随机分为糖尿病模型组(T组, n=16)、振动干预组(V组, n=16)、巴戟天摄入组(M组, n=16)和巴戟天摄入+振动干预组(MV组, n=16),进行为期24周干预。干预后,对所有参与实验的SD大鼠胰岛素敏感性指标、糖代谢指标、BMD、骨质代谢指标进行检测。本研究发现经过24周干预,D组、M组空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose, FBG)后测结果显著高于前测p0.05,V组、MV组后测显著低于前测p0.05,V组、MV组FBG后测结果显著低于D组、M组p0.05;D组大鼠股骨BMD后测结果显著低于前测p0.05,V组、M组、MV组大鼠股骨BMD后测结果显著高于前测和D组p0.05。D组大鼠尿HOP、DPD、血浆TRACP后测结果显著高于前测p0.05,V组、M组、MV组大鼠后测结果显著低于前测和D组p0.05。因此本研究认为巴戟天结合振动干预的处方能够对老年2型糖尿病起到改善胰岛素敏感性,降低骨吸收,提升骨密度的作用。     

胰岛素对生长激素的分泌和细胞内信号传导的影响（英文）

生长激素(growth hormone,GH)在行使其功能时需要经历一系列的过程,包括从垂体分泌和进入血液循环到达靶器官或细胞(受体前过程)以及和生长激素受体(GH receptor,GHR)结合并引发细胞内信号转导(受体后过程)。胰岛素可以直接或间接地影响这些过程。GH从垂体的生长激素分泌细胞中分泌需要依赖于下丘脑释放的生长激素释放激素(GH-releasing hor-mone,GHRH)和生长激素抑制素(somatostatin,SS),在生理或病理条件下,胰岛素可以对这两种激素以及GH分泌细胞施加不同影响,从而干预GH的分泌及循环水平。血糖、血脂以及饮食习惯都可以改变胰岛素对GH的影响。胰岛素还能通过影响GHR的敏感性,以及影响胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF-1),进而影响GH。受体后过程也是GH行使功能的重要一环,细胞内信号转导依赖于信号通路完成。GH信号转导通路和胰岛素的信号通路有部分交叉,这使得两者的信号可以相互作用,胰岛素通过这种作用对GH的信号转导产生影响。还有很多因素可以改变胰岛素对GH的影响,包括细胞因子信号抑制物、GHR敏感性以及JAK2蛋白和胰岛素受体底物间的相互作用,且随着胰岛素浓度升高和作用时间延长,胰岛素对GH的影响趋向于增强。但胰岛素的浓度和时间对GH分泌和细胞内信号转导的具体影响还未完全阐明。胰岛素和SS的关系也有待进一步研究。     

脂联素与肝源性糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的:探讨脂联素在肝源性糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗中的作用.方法:检测肝源性糖尿病(A组)、肝硬化(B组)、2型糖尿病(C组)患者及正常人(D组)血清脂联素(ADPN)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,计算其胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、β细胞功能指数(FBCI)、胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI),分析ADPN与胰岛素抵抗的相关性.结果:A组ADPN水平低于B组、D组(P<0.05);FPG水平低于C组(P<0.05);FINS,FBCI水平高于C组及D组(P<0.05);ISI低于D组(P<0.05);HOMA-IR显著高于B组及D组(P<0.05).ADPN与 FPG、FINS、HOMA-IR呈负相关;与ISI呈正相关.结论:肝源性糖尿病患者ADPN水平下降,其与胰岛素抵杭呈负相关,提示脂联素可能在肝源性糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗中起着重要作用.     

IGF-1对高糖诱导的小鼠早期胚胎凋亡的抑制作用

目的探讨胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)对体外培养小鼠囊胚细胞凋亡的抑制作用。方法获取妊娠3.5d小鼠囊胚,分别移入3个培养皿中,分别为A、B、C三组:A组(基础培养液);B组(基础培养液+30mmol/L的葡萄糖溶液);C组(基础培养液+30mmol/L的葡萄糖溶液+100ng/ml的人重组IGF-1)。连续培养72h后,采用免疫组化S-P法检测各组囊胚细胞中Bax和Fas的表达,利用计算机图像分析技术测量各组囊胚细胞中Bax和Fas蛋白表达的平均光密度和平均阳性面积。结果B组囊胚细胞中Bax和Fas的表达明显高于A组和C组(P0.05)结论IGF-1对高糖诱导的小鼠着床前早期胚胎凋亡起了抑制作用。     

可乐定联合精氨酸激发试验在矮小儿童生长激素缺乏症中的诊断价值及生长激素峰值的影响因素分析

目的:探讨可乐定联合精氨酸激发试验在矮小儿童生长激素缺乏症(GHD)中的诊断价值,并分析生长激素(GH)峰值的影响因素。方法:选取2016年5月到2018年7月期间因身材矮小来安徽理工大学附属亳州医院就诊的矮小儿童120例,所有儿童均进行可乐定、精氨酸激发试验,比较可乐定、精氨酸、可乐定联合精氨酸激发试验的阳性率,以可乐定联合精氨酸激发试验的结果为标准,将120例矮小儿童分为GHD组(76例)和非GHD组(44例),比较两组儿童的年龄、骨龄、体质量指数(BMI)、体重指数标准差积分(BMI SDS)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3(IGFBP-3)、GH峰值,分析可乐定联合精氨酸激发试验中GH峰值与各临床指标的相关性,并采用多因素逐步回归分析法分析可乐定联合精氨酸激发试验中GH峰值的影响因素。结果:可乐定联合精氨酸激发试验的阳性率高于可乐定激发试验和精氨酸激发试验的阳性率(P0.05),可乐定激发试验的阳性率高于精氨酸激发试验的阳性率(P0.05)。GHD组儿童BMI、BMI SDS高于非GHD组,IGF-1、GH峰值低于非GHD组(P0.05)。经Pearson相关分析显示,可乐定联合精氨酸激发试验中儿童的BMI、BMI SDS与GH峰值呈负相关,IGF-1与GH峰值呈正相关(P0.05)。多因素逐步回归分析结果显示,可乐定联合精氨酸激发试验中儿童的BMI SDS和IGF-1是GH峰值的影响因素(P0.05)。结论:可乐定联合精氨酸激发试验在矮小儿童GHD诊断中具有较高的阳性率,其诊断价值高于两种药物单独进行激发试验,且儿童的BMI SDS和IGF-1是激发试验GH峰值的影响因素,在进行激发试验时需考虑儿童的BMI SDS和IGF-1水平对诊断结果造成的影响。     

强骨胶囊对老年股骨头近段骨折延迟愈合患者血清BMP-2 及IGF-1水平的影响

目的:探究强骨胶囊对老年股骨头近段骨折延迟愈合患者血清骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)及胰岛素生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平的影响。方法:选择我院收治的股骨近端骨折延迟愈合的老年患者41例,随机分为实验组及对照组。对照组19例予钙片;实验组22例予强骨胶囊。对比两组的临床疗效及治疗前后血清BMP-2及IGF-1水平的改变。结果:实验组总有效率(95.5%)高于对照组(78.9%),差异具备统计学意义(P0.05)。两组血清BMP-2及IGF-1水平均较治疗前显著升高(P0.05),且实验组血清BMP-2和IGF-1水平较对照组高(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血浆粘度均下降、骨密度值(BMD)均升高(P0.05);与对照组相较,实验组血浆粘度降低、BMD较高(P0.05)。结论:强骨胶囊能够有效改善老年股骨头近段骨折延迟愈合,促进骨折断端的愈合,推测其机制与增加患者血清BMP-2及IGF-1水平有关。     

不同蛋白质水平日粮对梅花鹿IGF-1和GH基因表达的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同蛋白质水平日粮对梅花鹿胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)基因和生长激素GH基因m RNA表达量的影响,为科学配置梅花鹿饲料及鹿茸生长提供理论基础。选取27头4岁梅花鹿公鹿为试验对象,随机分成3组,分别饲喂不同蛋白质水平的日粮(Ⅰ:20%,Ⅱ:24%,Ⅲ:28%)。采用SYBR Green Real-time PCR方法检测不同蛋白质水平日粮对梅花鹿鹿茸组织IGF-1基因和GH基因的表达情况。结果表明:不同蛋白质水平日粮显著影响鹿茸组织IGF-1和GH基因的表达风度,随着蛋白质水平的增加,IGF-1基因在鹿茸组织上的表达量降低,Ⅰ组鹿茸表达量最高,显著高于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组(p0.05),GH基因在Ⅲ组鹿茸表达量最高,显著高于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组(p0.05)。     

Advantage of carbonate-versus citrate-based alkalinization on bone metabolism in moderately exercising aged male rats fed an acidogenic diet

This study aims to determine the effects of different alkaline supplementations on high protein diet-induced abnormalities affecting bone metabolism in rats which were also undergoing physical exercise of moderate intensity. Sixty elderly Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups of 10 rats each and treated for 16 weeks as follows: baseline control group fed normal food (C); acidic high-protein diet supplemented group (chronic acidosis, CA group), bicarbonate-based alkaline formula (Basenpulver, Named, Italy) supplemented chronic acidosis (BB-CA) and citrate-based alkaline supplement (CB-CA). Throughout the supplementation period, rats were put on a treadmill training mimicking a moderate level of exercise. In the CA group, 24-hour urinary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) excretion were increased over 30 percent (p<0.05 vs normal diet controls). However serum Ca was not significantly changed. Femural and tibial BMD and BMC was significantly decreased in the CA group (p<0.05) but both alkaline supplementations prevented such phenomenon (p<0.05 vs CA), without significant difference between the two formulations although the BB-CA group showed significantly more preserved trabecular bone volume (p<0.05 vs CB-CA group). An increased level of over 50 percent of urinary Dpd observed in the CA group (p<0.001) was reverted to normal by both supplementations (p<0.001 vs CA group). The same applied to urinary net acid excretion (p<001) with BB-supplementation performing better than CB-supplementation (p<0.05). Moreover, while the latter did not modify Nterminal telopeptide value, BB-supplementation significantly normalized this parameter (p<0.05 vs CA group) which exercise and acidic protein diet had modified (p<0.01 vs control diet). Overall, the present study shows that a bicarbonate-based alkaline formula, when administered to a dose amenable to clinical use, may significantly protect bone structure in exercising aged animals to a greater extent than a quali/quantitavely similar citrate-based formula.     

强度不同的间歇跑台训练对生长期大鼠骨代谢及相关激素的影响

目的:探讨强度不同的间歇跑台训练对生长期大鼠骨代谢的影响,以期为青少年训练强度的制定提供理论支持。方法:选取4周龄雄性wistar大鼠70只,根据体重随机搭配分成7组(n=10):即对照组和运动组。运动组按照大鼠摄氧量分为:65%组,70%组,75%组,80%组,85%组和90%组。跑台训练9周,每周训练6 d,每组训练分3次,每次不低于10 min,中间间隔30 min。最后一次运动后24 h,取股骨和血进行骨密度(BMD)、骨量(BMC)和血清中的碱性磷酸酶(AKP),抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(Str-ACP)的测定。结果:①70%组股骨的BMD(0.1393±0.0031)、BMC(0.4525±0.0335)显著高于对照组(BMD:0.1200±0.0095,BMC:0.3238±0.0485)和其他各运动组(65%组BMD:0.1339±0.0062、BMC:0.4058±0.0492,75%组BMD:0.1296±0.0015、BMC:0.3869±0.0254,80%组BMD:0.1223±0.0082、BMC:0.3454±0.0483,85%组BMD:0.1250±0.0044、BMC:0.3731±0.0381,90%组BMD:0.1171±0.0047、BMC:0.3051±0.0286)(P<0.05),90%组的BMD、BMC低于对照组但未达到显著水平,其他各运动组均高于对照组;②各运动组血清AKP均显著高于对照组,其中65%组(41.015±2.114)、70%组(46.035±2.611)、75%组(43.834±3.155)、80%组(38.043±4.073)血清AKP非常显著高于对照组(26.875±1.188)(P<0.01),70%组和75%组血清AKP显著高于80%组、85%组、90%组(P<0.05),同时70%组血清AKP显著高于65%组(P<0.05),这说明70%VO2max的训练强度成骨细胞最活跃。各运动组血清StrACP均显著高于对照组,随着训练强度的增加,血清StrACP水平呈上升趋势,80%组(22.430±1.591)、85%组(23.990±1.870)、90%组(28.009±1.839)血清StrACP显著高于65%组(18.503±2.429)、70%组(16.447±2.120)和75%组(17.769±1.642)(P<0.05),90%组血清StrACP均显著高于80%组和85%组(P<0.05)。结论:70%VO2max的中等强度间歇跑台训练使生长期大鼠骨量、骨密度增加最明显。     

How cancellous and cortical bones adapt to loading and growth hormone

There is great interest in the relationships between growth hormone (GH), muscle loading and bone, in part, because GH increases muscle mass which provides the largest signals that control bone modeling and remodeling. This study was designed to examine the effects of GH and muscle loading by exercise (EX) independently and in combination on bone and skeletal muscle. Thirteen-month-old female F344 rats were divided into 6 groups: Group 1, baseline controls (B); Group 2, agematched controls (C); Group 3, GH treated (2.5 mg rhGH/kg b. wt/day, 5 days per week); Group 4, voluntary wheel running exercise (EX); Group 5, GH+EX, and rats in Group 6 were food restricted (FR) to lower their body weight and examine the effects of decreased muscle load on bone. All animals, except the baseline controls, were sacrificed after 4.5 months. Growth hormone increased the body weight and tibial muscle mass of the rats markedly, while EX caused a slight decrease in body weight and partially inhibited the increase caused by GH in the GH+EX group. Food restriction greatly decreased body weight below that of age-matched controls but neither FR nor EX had a significant effect on the mass of the muscles around the tibia. Growth hormone and EX independently increased tibial diaphyseal cortical bone area (p<0.0001), cortical thickness (p<0.0001), cortical bone mineral content (p<0.0001), periosteal perimeter (p<0.0001) and bone strength-strain index (SSI) (p<0.0001). The effects of GH were more marked, and the combination of GH and EX produced additive effects on many of the tibial diaphyseal parameters including bone SSI. GH+EX, but not GH or EX alone caused a significant increase in endocortical perimeter (p<0.0001). In the FR rats, cortical bone area and cortical mineral content increased above the baseline level (p<0.0001) but were below the levels for age-matched controls (p<0.0001). In addition, marrow area, endocortical perimeter and endocortical bone formation rate increased significantly in the FR rats (p<0.01, p<0.0001, p<0.0001). Three-point bending test of right tibial diaphysis resulted in maximum force (Fmax) values that reflected the group differences in indices of tibial diaphyseal bone mass except that GH+EX did not produce additive effect on Fmax. The latter showed good correlation with left tibial diaphyseal SSI (r=0.857, p<0.0001) and both indices of bone strength correlated well with tibial muscle mass (r=0.771, Fmax; r=0.700, SSI; p<0.0001). We conclude that the bone anabolic effects of GH with or without EX may relate, in part, to increased load on bone from tibial muscles and body weight, which were increased by the hormone. The osteogenic effects of EX with or without GH may relate, in part, to increased frequency of muscle load on bone as EX decreased body weight (p<0.05) but had no significant effect on tibial muscle mass. The enhanced loss of endocortical bone by FR may relate, in part, to decreased load on bone due to low body weight (p<0.0001) as FR did not cause a significant decrease in tibial muscle mass (p=0.357). The roles of humoral and local factors in the bone changes observed remain to be established.     

Longevity-associated mitochondrial DNA 5178 C/A polymorphism is associated with fasting plasma glucose levels and glucose tolerance in Japanese men

Mitochondrial DNA 5178 cytosine/adenine (Mt5178 C/A) polymorphism is reportedly associated with longevity in the Japanese population, and the Mt5178A genotype may resist the onset of type 2 diabetes. To investigate whether Mt5178 C/A polymorphism is associated with glucose tolerance, we conducted a cross-sectional study using the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in which non-diabetic Japanese male subjects were classified into three subgroups by body mass index (BMI): BMI<22 (n=91); 22< or =BMI<25 (n=138); and BMI> or =25 (n=67). The frequency of Mt5178A was significantly lower among 'BMI<22' subjects exhibiting impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance than among those with normal glucose tolerance. In the 'BMI<22' group, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and plasma glucose levels at 60 and 120 min after glucose load (OGTT-1h and OGTT-2h, respectively) were significantly lower in the Mt5178A genotype than in the Mt5178C genotype. After adjusting for age, BMI, habitual smoking, habitual drinking and family history of diabetes, FPG levels and OGTT-2h levels were still significantly lower in the Mt5178A genotype than in the Mt5178C genotype. However, after adjusting for covariates, in both the '22< or =BMI<25' and 'BMI> or =25' groups, FPG levels were significantly higher in the Mt5178A genotype than in the Mt5178C genotype. Differences in the effect of alcohol consumption on FPG levels and glucose tolerance between the Mt5178 C/A genotypes were observed. The present results suggest that Mt5178 C/A polymorphism may be associated with FPG levels and glucose tolerance in middle-aged Japanese men.     

Effects of chronic NH4Cl dosage and swimming exercise on bone metabolic turnover in rats

To determine the effects of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) dosage and swimming exercise training during 4 weeks on bone metabolic turnover in rats, seven-week-old female 24 Wister-Kyoto (WKY) rats were investigated by bone status including bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical markers from blood and urine. Twenty-four rats (initial weight: 191.2+/-7.6 g) were randomly divided into four groups: baseline (8 weeks old) control group (n=6, BC), 4-week control group (n=6, Con), 4-week swimming exercise loading group (n=6, Swim) and 4-week chronic NH4Cl dosage group (n=6, Acid). All rats were fed an AIN93M diet (Ca: 0.5%, P: 0.3%), and both Con and Swim groups were pair-fed by feeding volume of the NH4Cl dosage group. The acid group only received 0.25 M NH4Cl distilled water ad libitum. At the end of the experimental period, rats were sacrificed with blood drawn and femur and tibia were removed for analysis of bone mineral density (BMD) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). In the Swim group, 24-hour urinary deoxypiridinoline (Dpd) excretion, reflecting bone resorption, was significantly increased (p<0.05) with a tendency towards decrease of BMD (N.S.), and body weight and abdominal fat weight were decreased in approximately 7% (p<0.05) and 58% (p<0.001), as compared with age matched Con rats. In the Acid group, 24-hour urinary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) excretion were increased approximately 2.1-fold (p<0.05) and 2.0-fold (p<0.01), respectively, with increase of kidney weight as much as in the Con groups. Serum Ca and P concentration, as well as urinary Dpd excretion were, however, not significantly changed. These results suggest that blood Ca and P concentrations in the chronic acidosis condition during the 4-weeks might be maintained by hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia with kidney disorder, and swimming exercise training leads to decrease in BMD with stimulation of bone resorption and reduction of body fat.     

Relationship of liver and skeletal muscle IGF-1 mRNA to plasma GH profile, production of IGF-1 by liver, plasma IGF-1 concentrations, and growth rates of cattle

Growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) concentrations in blood plasma of 18 crossbred cattle (six bulls, six steers, and six heifers) were measured over an 8-hr period. One week later at slaughter, IGF-1 production by liver slices and IGF-1 mRNA concentrations in skeletal muscle and liver were measured. Bulls had higher (P less than 0.05) mean plasma GH and GH peak amplitudes (P less than 0.01) than heifers, and values for steers were intermediate between bulls and heifers. Baseline GH concentrations and number of GH peaks were not significantly different for the three groups. Bulls had 1.6-fold (P less than 0.01) and 3.0-fold (P less than 0.01) greater liver IGF-1 mRNA concentrations than steers or heifers, respectively, whereas the steers had 1.8-fold (P less than 0.05) greater IGF-1 mRNA in liver than heifers. Production of IGF-1 by liver slices was greater (P less than 0.05) in bulls than steers or heifers. Bulls had 1.3-fold greater plasma IGF-1 than steers (P less than 0.01), whereas steers had 1.8-fold greater plasma IGF-1 than heifers (P less than 0.01). There were no significant differences in concentrations of skeletal muscle IGF-1 mRNA between the three groups of animals. Liver IGF-1 mRNA, liver IGF-1 production, and plasma IGF-1 were all significantly correlated with gain and mean GH peak amplitude, but not with GH baseline, GH peak frequency, or concentrations of T3 and T4. Concentrations if IGF-1 mRNA in skeletal muscle were not correlated to gain or any parameter of the GH profile. Plasma concentrations of T3 were significantly (P less than 0.05) negatively correlated to plasma GH baseline concentrations. Muscle IGF-1 mRNA concentration was negatively related to plasma T4 and T3. The results of this study suggest that the cascade of events starting with secretion of GH from the pituitary, expression of liver IGF-1 mRNA, and secretion of IGF-1 by the liver are important phenomena for growth of cattle.     

Effects of continuous and interval running training on serum growth and cortisol hormones in junior male basketball players

Effects of two different eight-week aerobic training programs consisting of continuous (CR) or extensive interval running (IR) on serum growth (GH) and cortisol hormones in 33 male basketball players aged 15-16 were assessed. The CR group ran 4.8 km and the IR group ran 4 x 1.2 km, using equal work-to-rest ratio, three times per week. Aerobic power scores of all subjects and anaerobic power marks of the training subjects increased (p<0.01). Upon exertion, though serum GH levels increased in both exercise groups (p<0.01) prior to and following training; cortisol levels increased only in the IR group prior to training, and in both exercise groups following training (p<0.05). Following the eight week period, resting cortisol levels rose in the training (p<0.05) and control (p<0.01) groups. To conclude, an 8-week training program consisting of continuous or extensive interval running has been effective on acute GH and cortisol secretion in 15-16 year-old male athletes.     

回春医疗保健操运动对老年2 型糖尿病患者血糖和血脂水平的影响

目的：探讨规律性回春医疗保健操运动对2 型糖尿病老年患者血糖、血脂水平的影响。方法：选择28例老年2 型糖尿病患者 为研究对象,并将其随机分为运动干预组和对照组。运动干预组在前期药物治疗和饮食控制不变的情况下,采用为期12 周回春 医疗保健操进行运动干预,对照组仅给予药物治疗和饮食控制,而不进行运动干预,监测和比较两组患者实验前后血糖、血脂等 指标的变化。结果：运动干预组患者接受12 周回春医疗保健操干预后,受试者空腹血糖、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白水平均较运动干 预前显著下降,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：长期的规律性回春医疗保健操运动可有效降低老年2 型糖尿病患者血糖、 血脂水平,且安全易操作,可作为老年2 型糖尿病的临床辅助疗法。