中国湖南舜皇山和大围山夏末鸟类

于 2 0 0 2年 8月 2 1日至 9月 14日对位于湖南省西南部的舜皇山自然保护区和位于湖南省东北部的大围山自然保护区的鸟类区系进行了调查。在舜皇山自然保护区记录到 5 8种鸟类,在大围山自然保护区则记录到4 3种鸟类。在两个保护区内共采集 5 1种 186号标本,这些标本现保存在美国堪萨斯大学自然历史博物馆和生物多样性研究中心;还对另外 8种保护鸟类进行了拍照。调查期间发现大部分种类于近期刚完成繁殖;有 14种古北界迁徙种类把两个保护区作为停留地或作为越冬地。还对灰喉山淑鸟、小燕尾、斑背燕尾在水平和垂直分布范围的扩张进行了报道。     

浙江天台山种子植物区系分析

浙江天台山约有种子植物１３３科,５３５属,１２３５种。本文主要分析了天台山的植物区系特征。其植物区系的温带、亚热带东亚区系成分的特征显著。从地史上的联系,植物区系的分析和近代地理环境的某些相似来看,本区植物区系与东亚日本、北美有着不同程度的联系。     

华山的硅藻

华山是我国名山之一。这里的植物以前很少有人研究,藻类方面,至今未见有人报道。1976年至1982年作者对该地区进行了多次调查采集,现将研究结果报道如下。     

安徽皇甫山琅琊山野生太子参生态环境比较研究

皇甫山弥陀寺后山、林场总部西南方向及北将军岭东南坡是皇甫山野生太子参分布的代表地区 ,琅琊山野生太子参主要集中分布于琅琊寺正南方向的山坡上 ,在以上四地共随机抽取 1 2个样点 ,每隔半小时测定其光照强度、温度、空气湿度、土壤温度、土壤含水量、土壤结构、颜色、p H值等生态因子 ,对皇甫山和琅琊山的野生太子参分布区生态环境进行比较研究 ,为保护和利用野生太子参的种质资源及其区系研究提供科学依据。     

华山的硅藻

华山是我国名山之一。这里的植物以前很少有人研究,藻类方面,至今未见有人报道。1976年至1982年作者对该地区进行了多次调查采集,现将研究结果报道如下。     

At the lower size limit for tetrapods, two new species of the miniaturized frog genus Paedophryne (Anura, Microhylidae)

I describe two new species in the miniaturized microhylid frog genus Paedophryne from forests in southeastern Papua New Guinea. The first species is described on the basis of two specimens and exhibits female snout-vent length of 8.5-9.0 mm (no males known), whereas that of the second species, described on the basis of 12 specimens, is 8.8-9.3 mm, with males 8.1-8.9 mm. These frogs are smaller than the other two diminutive species described when the genus was recently erected, and they represent what are currently the smallest known species of tetrapods. The two species replace each other elevationally on the same mountain massif and occur in relative geographic proximity to the other named species of the genus. Females of both species contain only two enlarged ova, suggesting that they also possess clutch sizes at the extreme lower end of variation in frogs. All species of Paedophryne inhabit leaf litter, as seen for most other miniaturized anurans.     

六盘山、贺兰山和罗山甲虫区系及组成比较

宁夏地区已记录的甲虫种数超过1000种(亚种),是构成该地区昆虫多样性的主要成分。本文对宁夏六盘山、贺兰山和罗山3个国家自然保护区已知甲虫种类的数量做了分析比较,得到以下不同的研究结果:六盘山、贺兰山和罗山分别有甲虫35科243属482种(亚种)、30科211属355种(亚种)、30科182属287种(亚种);从动物地理区系看,3区甲虫的广布型种类所占比例很高,分别占总种数的88.17%、85.91%和86.41%,尤以古北型+中国-日本型为突出。3区仅在古北界分布的类型所占比例较低,分别为11.83%、17.30%和13.59%。3区均无特有属存在,特有种所占比例非常小,分别占总种数的1.87%、0.28%、0.70%;六盘山、贺兰山和罗山甲虫的F指数、G指数和G-F指数依次为:F指数32.9064、29.4920和28.9752,G指数5.1998、5.0281和4.9669,G-F指数0.8420、0.8296和0.8286;贺兰山和罗山甲虫具有的相同种数最多,相似性系数为中等不相似水平,六盘山和罗山,六盘山和贺兰山甲虫的相似性系数均为极不相似水平。     

Female dimorphism in Japanese diving beetle Dytiscus marginalis czerskii (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) evidenced by mitochondrial gene sequence analysis

Three species of the Japanese diving beetle Dytiscus have been identified: D. dauricus Gebler, 1832; D. marginalis czerskii Zeitzev, 1953; and D. sharpi. At present, the latter consists of the subspecies D. sharpi sharpi Wehncke, 1875 and D. sharpi validus Régimbart, 1899 based on the comparative data of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome‐c oxidase I (COI) sequences. Many Dytiscus species have smooth and grooved elytra, which are female dimorphic traits. For many years it has been thought that Japanese D. marginalis czerskii has a single morph, that is, only grooved females, although there were some collecting reports of smooth females occurring at the foot of Mt. Chokaisan in Yamagata and Akita Prefectures. However, the population of smooth females (smooth population) has not yet been identified by DNA markers. To understand the species status of the smooth population, we sequenced 769 bp of COI of a male derived from a smooth mother insect and compared it with the sequence from a known grooved female. The sequences of 769 bp of the COI gene in the smooth population were identical to that in the grooved female, indicating that Japanese D. marginalis czerskii has female dimorphic traits.     

黄山与11个代表性山区的藓类植物区系统计分析

对黄山与其它11个山区藓类植物区系进行了统计分析比较.从12个山区藓类植物共有属的分析结果来看,黄山是一些典型具有热带性质的属分布北界,同时又是一些典型温带属的分布南界,显示了黄山是热带亚热带向温带、寒温带过渡的典型区域.从极点排序的二维图形分析结果看,黄山与江西的马头山,广西的九万山,浙江的金华山、西天目山关系更为密...     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Haploporus subtrameteus</Emphasis> (Polyporaceae,Basidiomycota) found in Japan

Haploporus subtrameteus, a rare polypore, is newly reported for Japan. This fungus was known only from three localities in the Russian Far East, Altai Mts., and three in China. The Japanese material was on a dead tree of Padus grayana around Aokigahara-marubi, Mt. Fuji. This article gives detailed morphology based on the Japanese collection and a photo in the natural habitat.     

阿尔泰山南部科克森山和卡拉麦里山盘羊冬季卧息地的选择

2007 年11 月至2008 年1 月,在阿尔泰山南部科克森山和卡拉麦里山采用样线法研究了盘羊冬季卧息地
的选择性。结果表明,两地区的盘羊对冬季卧息地的利用均有选择性,两地区盘羊偏好利用山坡做卧息地,避
免选择山沟和平滩卧息;偏好位于半阴和半阳坡的卧息地,避免利用阴坡,对阳坡随机利用;偏好位于上坡位
和中坡位的卧息地,对下坡位则为随机利用。通过与对照样方比较,科克森山和卡拉麦里山盘羊冬季卧息地均
以植物科数多、植物种数多、植物密度高、灌木株数小、驼绒藜株数少、接近隐蔽物、隐蔽级高和雪覆盖浅为
主要特征。在科克森山,盘羊通常选择坡度大、雪覆盖浅的位置作为其卧息地。在卡拉麦里山盘羊通常选择坡
度大的地方作为其卧息地。科克森山和卡拉麦里山盘羊卧息地变量前6 个特征值的累积贡献率分别达到了
80.75%和82. 58% ,较好地反映了盘羊卧息地的生境特征。科克森山和卡拉麦里山盘羊卧息地第1 主成分贡献
率分别达到了23.04% 和24. 33%。在两地区,植物科数、植物种数、灌木种数、雪深和坡度5 个因子的载荷系
数均为正值,具有较大的作用。其余5 个主成分中隐蔽级、海拔、距水源距离和距居民点距离也很重要。     

A new section with a new species of Anemone (Ranunculaceae) from Mt. Xiaowutai,China

In the present paper, a new sect. Leptothece W. T. Wang & Bing Liu wih its only new species, Anemone xiaowutaishanica W. T. Wang & Bing Liu, of the genus Anemone is described and illustrated. In having vertical rhizome, rosulate leaves, 1-flowered cyme, sessile involucre bracts, linear stamen filaments, tricolpate pollen grains with spinulose tectum, and subulate styles, sect. Leptothece is related to sect. Himalayicae (Ulbr.) Juz. From the latter it differs in its 3-parted or 3-sect involucre bracts, 3 carpels per flower, and strongly bilaterally compressed ovary, and with these advanced characters it is remarkably more advanced than sect. Himalayicae, and might be derived from the latter. Anemone xiaowutaishanica with its small distribution area restricted to a valley in the Mt. Xiaowutai, Hebei Province, China is obviously a stenochoric species, and on the basis of its advanced morphological characters it may be regarded as a neoendemic.     

Detection of vegetation change using reconnaissance imagery

Vegetation occurs at its highest elevations on equatorial mountains. Inspection of archival and recent high‐resolution reconnaissance imagery of tropical mountains shows, in all cases, features indicating an increase in the elevation of mountain vegetation zones and an increase in vigour in the high‐elevation vegetation. These changes are consistent with an increased plant performance from increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as well as with a warmer or more favourable climate.     

秦岭种子植物区系分区研究

在吴征镒1983年中国植物区系分区的基础上,依据秦岭山地的自然环境特点,并结合植被优势种及区系特有种和特征种的分布情况,按照发生学原则,将秦岭种子植物区系划分为两大植物地区,五个植物亚地区,七个植物省,并对每个植物省区系的特点进行了分析,结果进一步证明秦岭是我国植物区系南北分异的一条主要界限。     

贡嘎山蕨类植物区系的特点

贡嘎山蕨类植物区系共含４０科,９３属,３９９种,最主要的是耳蕨属Ｐｏｌｙｓｔｉｃｈｕｍ,鳞毛蕨属Ｄｒｙｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ,蹄盖蕨属Ａｔｈｙｒｉｕｍ以及水龙骨科Ｐｏｌｙｐｏｄｉａｃｅａｅ等系统演化上较高级的类群,所含的种子是喜马拉雅和中国西南当地分化的种;其特有成分多为新特有属,可认为它是随青藏高原隆起而形成的较年青的蕨类区系,热带属在本区数量多而种类少,在山上河可与北温带种类并存。贡嘎山处于蕨类物种东     

大别山地衣研究概况

对采自大别山的19属57种地衣进行了分类学整理和化学物质分析,其中报道了安徽省和大别山地衣新记录2种。在所采集大别山的地衣标本中数量最多的是肉疣衣属Ochrolechia、石蕊属Cladonia和肺衣属Lobaria。利用显色反应和薄层层析TLC方法,共检出7种地衣物质,其中以含黑茶渍素成分的种类较多。文中对2个新记录种的特征、分布和生态信息进行简要描述。     

河南太行山蕨类植物区系的研究

初步探讨了河南太行山蕨类植物区系的特点。该区系有蕨类植物 1 0 4种 ,隶属于 2 3科 4 8属 ,优势成分以蹄盖蕨科、鳞毛蕨科等系统演化上比较高级的类群为主。组成本区系的成分来源不同 ,以温带成分占优势 ,与河北、山西、北京地区的蕨类区系关系密切 ,与山东、秦岭、长白山、黄山、鼎湖山的相似程度渐低。这与中国现代蕨类植物地理分布规律相吻合     

河南大别山蕨类植物区系的研究

初步探讨了河南大别山蕨类植物区系的地理特点,结果表明,本区系有蕨类植物１４２种,隶属于２９科６７属,优势成分以鳞毛蕨科,水龙骨科,蹄盖蕨科等系统演化上较高级的类群为主,组成本区系的成分来源不同,南北兼容,与我国秦岭,黄山相似率最高,研究结果与秦仁昌在中国蕨类植物分区中河南大别山划分为华中－华东区的观点一致。     

广东省鼎湖山两栖动物多样性初步研究

鼎湖山两栖动物有16种,隶属2目6科9属。华中华南区种类占优势有10种,为62.5%;华南区4种,为25.0％;华中区2种,为12.5％。从该地区两栖动物区系、分布及种类组成相似性分析为华中我向华南区过渡地带。加强对两栖动物保护,对维护该地区森林生态平衡、对生物多样性研究具有重要价值。     

Hieraciumpallidum subsp. aetnense (Asteraceae), a new subspecies from Sicily (Italy), with notes on the taxonomy of H. pallidum Biv.

Hieracium pallidum subsp. aetnense Gottschl., Raimondo & Di Grist. is described and illustrated. H.pallidum is considered as an intermediate species between H. schmidtii and H. racemosum (“schmidtii>racemosum”) and is placed in H. sect. Grovesiana. By consequence, H.lanudae Gottschl. is transferred to H. pallidum as H. pallidum subsp. lanudae (Gottschl.) Gottschl., Raimondo & Di Grist. A key for the three recognised subspecies of H. pallidum is provided.