1株白木香内生真菌中抗肿瘤活性成分的分离纯化和结构鉴定

采用活性追踪的方法对白木香内生真菌螺旋木霉Trichoderma spiraleA17的抗肿瘤活性代谢产物进行了分离纯化和结构鉴定。通过凝胶柱层析和反相硅胶柱层析,从其发酵液的活性组分中分离到2个无色针晶化合物,质谱和核磁共振的鉴定结果表明化合物1是一个八氢萘衍生物,命名为木霉酸(Trichodermic acid),化合物2是酪醇(Tyrosol)。活性实验显示化合物1对SF-268、MCF-7和NCI-H460 3种肿瘤细胞株都具有显著的增殖抑制活性,而化合物2对这3种肿瘤细胞株只有微弱的增殖抑制活性。     

木霉属真菌分离培养的研究进展

木霉属真菌(Trichodermaspp.)种类众多、分布广泛,在农业、工业和环境修复领域应用广泛。因此,木霉属真菌的分离培养具有重要的研究价值。本文通过详尽的文献查找和分析对木霉属真菌的分离培养研究进展予以综述,从生存环境、不同分离基质和分离方法的样品前处理方法等总结了木霉属真菌的分离基质及预处理方法;详细回顾了木霉属真菌分离培养基研究的发展历程和主要原理;简要介绍了目前木霉属真菌的纯化与保存方法;并从开展多种抗菌物质和表面活性剂探索角度对未来木霉属真菌分离培养进行了展望,以期为木霉属真菌资源开发提供参考。     

广西柳树桑寄生内生真菌的分离鉴定与抗肿瘤活性菌株筛选

该研究从广西钦州市采集健康的柳树桑寄生的根、茎和叶中分离并纯化内生真菌,对真菌进行形态学鉴定,提取内生真菌的DNA,采用真菌ITS序列对内生真菌进行分子鉴定。利用A549和H460细胞作为抗肿瘤活性指示细胞,采用MTT法测定真菌乙酸乙酯提取物的抗肿瘤活性。经过初步分离分析,从柳树桑寄生中纯化出27株内生真菌,经鉴定它们分别属于7个目9个属15个种。拟盘多毛孢属和间座壳属为优势属,其中拟盘多毛孢属全部定植于寄生根;其次为新壳梭孢属、拟茎点霉属和球座菌属,各分离到3株;其他包括青霉属、镰刀菌属、炭疽菌属和派伦霉属,各分离到1株。抗肿瘤活性研究表明,有一株与Pestalotiopsis protearum的ITS序列相似性达100%的拟盘多毛孢属菌株Gen24表现有抑制肿瘤细胞A549和H460生长的特性,在真菌乙酸乙酯浸提物浓度为800μg·mL~(-1)时,对A549细胞的抑制率达到了56.92%,对H460细胞的抑制率达到了70.11%。该研究结果表明广西柳树桑寄生内生真菌较丰富,在寄主中的分布表现了一定的组织特异性,而且还存在一些具有抗肿瘤活性的菌株及其活性物质可供进一步深入研究。     

雷公藤内生真菌的分离鉴定及活性研究

【背景】雷公藤是一种传统中药,具有多种药理活性和较高的应用价值。但由于产量少、提取过程复杂而限制了其在临床上的应用。植物内生真菌的次级代谢产物能够产生相似的药理活性,有望解决植物资源匮乏的难题,成为新药筛选的潜在资源。【目的】从卫矛科植物雷公藤中分离内生真菌,对其产物的体外抗菌活性及抗肿瘤活性进行测定,并利用活性菌株对雷公藤粗提物进行转化,以达到增效减毒的作用。【方法】采用组织块法从雷公藤茎中分离内生真菌;打孔法测定发酵产物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希氏菌的抑菌活性;MTT(噻唑蓝)比色法测定发酵产物及转化产物的抗肿瘤活性;ITS(Internal transcribed spacer)序列测序分析确定活性菌株的种属。【结果】从雷公藤茎中分离得到43株内生真菌,其中5株对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑菌作用,LGT7几乎与1μg/mL青霉素钠的作用效果相当;6株对MCF-7、SKOV3细胞有抗肿瘤活性,LGT7、LGT41对肿瘤细胞生长抑制率达90%以上;4株对雷公藤粗提物具有转化活性。活性菌株分别被鉴定为拟茎点霉和腐皮壳属。【结论】雷公藤内生真菌具有抗菌抗肿瘤作用,并可以通过转化产生增效减毒作用。     

康宁木霉对龟裂链霉菌MY02诱导活性及其诱导组分的初步分析

利用真菌作为诱导菌株评价其对龟裂链霉菌(Streptomyces rimosus) MY02的活性代谢产物的影响,并对其诱导条件进行优化。当以康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningii)和香菇真菌(Lentinus edodes)作为诱导菌株,黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f sp.cucumarinum)作为指示菌,以菌株MY02作为被诱导菌株时,康宁木霉和香菇真菌对菌株MY02的抗真菌活性均具有明显的正向诱导作用,菌株MY02的抗真菌活性均比对照明显增强。以康宁木霉作为诱导菌株时,其最佳诱导条件为接种量2%,添加时间为发酵36 h。通过初步分析康宁木霉的诱导组分为其发酵产生的多糖类物质。     

絮凝活性产紫青霉EL-02的分离鉴定及其絮凝活性初探

【目的】分离鉴定有絮凝活性真菌,同时对其絮凝活性进行初步研究。【方法】采用梯度稀释、平板划线、18SrDNA检测等方法分离鉴定絮凝活性菌株。通过高速离心、超声破碎、乙醇沉淀、定性试验等方法确定絮凝活性物质性质。【结果】从渤海湾海岸土壤样品中分离筛选出一株有较高絮凝活性的真菌,经鉴定为产紫青霉(Penicillium purpurogenum),命名为产紫青霉EL-02(P.purpurogenum EL-02)。超声破碎试验证实其絮凝活性主要存在于发酵上清液。根据絮凝活性曲线,确定4d为积累絮凝活性产物的最佳发酵时间。乙醇沉淀法获得该菌株絮凝活性物质。经鉴定该菌株所产絮凝活性物质为糖类,且其活性在pH2-11,温度-70℃-100℃范围内保持稳定。【结论】分离筛选到一株有絮凝活性的产紫青霉EL-02,经鉴定其产生糖类絮凝活性物质。     

阴香内生真菌Y-74鉴定及其次级代谢产物的初步研究

本研究主要是对阴香内生真菌菌株Y-74进行鉴定并对其次生代谢产物进行分离。运用ITS r DNA分子鉴定法鉴定菌株。通过对菌株Y-74进行发酵,经反复硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶柱层析从发酵液活性组分中分离得到一化合物,标为化合物(1)。采用GC-MS确定了该化合物的纯度,通过理化方法、1H NMR、13C NMR等手段鉴定其化学结构。分离纯化得到的化合物(1)为橘霉素A,相关文献表明橘霉素A具有一定的抗肿瘤活性,为进一步研究代谢物及其活性奠定了基础。     

三种水生植物内生真菌多样性及其抗真菌活性

从华凤仙(Impatiens chinensis L.)、问荆(Equisetum arvense L.)和轮叶狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum L.) 3种植物中共分离到内生真菌155株。经鉴定, 它们分属于26个不同的分类单元。以杨桃炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)、香蕉疫霉(Phytophthora nicotianae)和腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium solani)等6种植物病原真菌为指示菌, 对3种水生植物内生真菌代谢产物进行抗菌活性研究。结果表明, 有37株内生真菌(占分离菌株总数的23.9%)显示出对一种或多种病原菌的抑菌活性。来自华凤仙、问荆和轮叶狐尾藻的抗菌活性菌株比例分别为29.2%、13.9%及37.1%, 都远低于已报道的陆生植物内生真菌中活性菌株的比例。抗菌活性菌株主要分布于枝孢属(Cladosporium)、木霉属(Trichoderma)和地霉属(Geotrichum)等5个属中。     

青蒿内生真菌分离、分子鉴定及深绿木霉对青蒿的促生作用研究

为从青蒿(Artemisia annua L.)内生真菌中筛选有促生作用的菌株,用组织分离法从青蒿侧枝中分离内生真菌并进行分子鉴定,对其中1株真菌深绿木霉对青蒿幼苗的促生作用进行了研究。结果表明,从青蒿侧枝中获得23株内生真菌,鉴定出16种,以炭疽菌属占优势。深绿木霉发酵液对青蒿种子发芽和幼苗生长具有显著抑制作用;深绿木霉液体发酵菌丝体在4-5月对青蒿幼苗生长具有显著的促进作用,但7月以后没有明显促进作用。因此,深绿木霉可作为青蒿苗肥,与化肥配合可施用于成株。     

银杏内生真菌Aspergillus oryzae YX-5抗肿瘤活性物质的分离与鉴定

【背景】植物内生真菌是天然活性物质的重要来源。【目的】对一株具有抗肿瘤活性的银杏内生真菌米曲霉Aspergillus oryzae YX-5进行活性物质的分离与鉴定。【方法】将该菌株发酵培养后,发酵液经乙酸乙酯萃取,采用减压柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶柱层析和高效液相色谱分析,从其代谢产物中分离活性化合物,在分离过程中以MTT法跟踪检测分离到的各组分及纯化合物的抗肿瘤活性。【结果】从菌株YX-5的发酵产物中分离纯化得到4个化合物。经核磁共振和高分辨质谱分析,将其分别鉴定为羟基曲霉酸(1)、环(4-羟脯氨酸-苯丙氨酸)(2)、环(亮氨酸-苯丙氨酸)(3)和环(丙氨酸-苯丙氨酸)(4)。其中羟基曲霉酸对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞具有显著的细胞毒活性,其IC_(50)为1.07μg/mL。【结论】报道羟基曲霉酸在抗肿瘤方面的活性,表明米曲霉及羟基曲霉酸在抗肿瘤天然产物开发中具有一定的应用潜力。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.