星斗山国家级自然保护区国家重点保护野生植物优先保护定量研究

在野外调查的基础上,运用濒危系数、遗传价值系数和物种价值系数对星斗山自然保护区33种国家保护植物的优先保护顺序进行定量分析。结果表明属一级保护的有银杏、水杉、伯乐树、珙桐、光叶珙桐、台湾杉和水青树共7种,占21%;属二级保护的有红豆杉、南方红豆杉、蓖子三尖杉、大果青杄、金钱松、黄杉、榧树、连香树、闽楠、楠木、花榈木、鹅掌楸、峨眉含笑、红椿、毛红椿和川黄檗共16种,占49%;属三级保护的有莼菜、金毛狗、红豆树、厚朴、凹叶厚朴、香果树和榉树7种,占21%;属四级保护的有樟树、野大豆和金荞麦共3种,占9%。并提出了加强重点保护野生植物的保护措施。     

鄂东大别山国家重点保护野生植物优先保护定量研究

在野外调查的基础上,运用濒危系数、遗传价值系数和物种价值系数对鄂东大别山18种国家重点保护野生植物的优先保护顺序进行定量分析。结果表明属一级保护的有银杏、南方红豆杉、大别山五针松、金钱松、巴山榧树、连香树和楠木共7种,占38.9%;属二级保护的有秤锤树、喜树、香果树、鹅掌楸和川黄檗共5种,占27.8%;属三级保护的有厚朴、凹叶厚朴和榉树3种,占16.7%;属四级保护的有樟树、野大豆和金荞麦共3种,占16.7%。并提出了加强国家重点保护野生植物的保护措施。     

漳河源自然保护区国家重点保护野生植物及保护对策

漳河源自然保护区位于南漳县西南部。在野外调查和文献资料查阅的基础上,对该区国家重点保护野生植物的分布情况进行了研究,结果表明:该区共有国家保护植物21种,其中I级保护植物3种,它们是银杏、红豆杉、南方红豆杉;II级保护植物18种,它们是篦子三尖杉、大果青扦、金荞麦、连香树、野大豆、红豆树、鹅掌楸、厚朴、凹叶厚朴、香果树、榉树、喜树、樟树、闽楠、桢楠、红椿、巴山榧树和黄皮树.分别占湖北省分布的45.65%,37.50%和47.37%。该区的这些国家保护植物具有分布集中、居群规模小、片段化严重、垂直分布明显的特点.并提出了相应的保护对策。     

甘肃国家重点保护野生植物资源保护利用研究

甘肃省分布27种国家重点保护野生植物资源,其中有国家一级保护植物苏铁银杏、红豆杉、水杉、珙桐、光叶珙桐、独叶草等7种,占国家51种的13．73％,国家二级保护植物岷江柏木、秦岭冷杉、大果云杉、巴山榧树、连香树、油樟、红豆树、野大豆、红椿、鹅掌楸、厚朴、凹叶厚朴、西康玉兰、水曲柳、香果树、瓣鳞花、榉树、水青树、喜树、发菜、虫草等21种,占国家202种的10．4％,研究甘肃本地分布的国家级保护植物的分布特点、生物多样性保护的战略对策、利用价值,为保护和利用提供科学依据。     

湖北省三峡库区珍稀濒危及国家重点保护野生植物资源的初步研究

实地调查表明,湖北省三峡库区宜昌、兴山、秭归和巴东４县分布有珍稀濒危野生植物３９种,分别占三峡库区、湖北省和全国总数的９０７％、６２９％和１００５％;国家重点保护野生植物１３２种,分别占湖北省及全国总数的６４０８％及７７６％。其中,国家一级保护植物有红豆杉、南方红豆杉、珙桐、光叶珙桐等４种,二级保护植物有金毛狗等１２８种。在国家重点保护植物中,湖北省新记录种３种,县级新分布种３种。研究结果证明,湖北省三峡库区是三峡库区和湖北省珍稀濒危及国家重点保护植物物种多样性中心。     

湖北省三峡库区珍稀濒危及国家重点保护野生植物资源的初步 …

实地调查表明,湖北省三峡库区宜昌,兴山,秭归和巴东４县分布有珍稀濒危野生植物３９种,分别占三峡库区,湖北省和全国总数的９０．７％和６２．９％和１０．０５％,国家重点保护野生植物１３２种,分别占湖北省及全国总数的６４．０８％及７．７６％,其中,国家一级保护植物有红豆杉,南方红豆杉,珙桐,光叶珙桐等４种,二级保护植物有金毛狗等１２８种,在国家重点保护植物中,湖北省新记录种３种,县级新分布种３种,研究结     

中国国家重点保护野生植物的就地保护现状

就地保护即建立自然保护区是保护珍稀濒危野生植物的最佳手段。本研究以文献资料为基础, 分析了截至2008年我国建立的国家级自然保护区对已正式颁布的《国家重点保护野生植物名录(第一批)》中所列物种的就地保护状况。在全国尺度上, 国家级自然保护区共保护国家重点保护野生植物237种(含变种), 占总数的80.07%。其中I级保护植物56种。在省级尺度上, 云南、广西、四川、贵州、湖南5省区国家级自然保护区内分布的国家重点保护野生植物数量最多。通过分析各省区未受到国家级自然保护区保护的重点保护野生植物分布状况, 提出了国家重点保护野生植物就地保护的热点地区。     

十八里长峡自然保护区国家级保护植物研究

对湖北省竹溪县十八里长峡省级自然保护区内的国家重点、珍稀濒危野生植物、珍贵树种、重点保护野生药材植物多样性进行了研究。确认十八里长峡自然保护区内有共有国家级保护植物83种。其中属国家重点保护植物的有28种(I级6种,II级22种),占湖北省50种的56%;国家级珍稀濒危植物的有53种(一级2种,二级15种,三级36种),国家珍稀濒危植物54种(1级2种,2级15种,3级37种),占湖北省总数67种的80.59%;国家珍贵树种的有21种(1级5种,2级16种),占湖北省总数32种的65.62%。上述三类保护植物共有67种,占湖北省国家级保护植物三类总数88种的76.13%;属国家重点保护药用植物的有21种(Ⅱ级4种,Ⅲ级17种),占全国重点保护野生药用植物总数58种的36.2%。     

贵州省国家重点保护野生植物物种丰富度分布特征及保护优先区分析

该研究以国家重点保护野生植物为指示物种,结合贵州各县(市、区)的国家重点保护野生植物调查统计信息,基于GIS技术,分析了贵州省国家重点保护野生植物物种丰富度分布特征;应用Dobson算法筛选识别贵州国家重点保护野生植物的保护优先区,并利用全省已建自然保护区信息评价分析所筛选的保护优先区的保护现状。结果表明:(1)在贵州国家重点保护野生植物的物种丰富度分布上,总体来说全省南部地区高于北部地区,环省界区域往内陆延伸的物种丰富度明显呈现减少趋势。(2)在75%和100%的国家重点保护野生植物物种保护水平上,筛选识别出了荔波县等4个和17个县域为保护优先区,其中分别有1个和9个国家重点保护野生植物保护优先区内涵盖的自然保护区面积低于5%,且涉及的自然保护区中68.26%的面积是市/县级。(3)贵州国家重点保护野生植物物种较丰富的区域和全省生物多样性热点区域与所筛选识别的保护优先区有较好的空间对应关系。(4)贵州国家重点保护野生植物的就地保护应以国家重点保护野生植物地理分布丰富的区域结合本研究筛选的保护优先区为重点,进行优先保护。     

鄂东大别山区国家重点保护野生植物及保护对策

据调查统计,鄂东大别山区共有国家保护植物18种,其中I级保护植物2种,它们是银杏和南方红豆杉;II级保护植物16种,它们是大别山五针松、金钱松、巴山榧树、榉树、金荞麦、连香树、厚朴、凹叶厚朴、鹅掌楸、樟树、桢楠、野大豆、秤锤树、喜树、香果树和黄皮树.分别占湖北省分布的39.1%,25%和44.4%.该区的这些国家保护植物具有分布集中、居群规模小、片段化严重、垂直分布明显的特点.建议建立以天堂寨为核心的湖北大别山自然保护区,并提出了相应的保护对策.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.