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1.
以幸水梨为试材分不同时期进行套袋处理,采集各个发育时期的果实,对其果实品质、石细胞团的密度、大小、含量及几种相关酶活性进行了分析.结果表明:(1)不同时期套袋后,幸水梨的硬度、可滴定酸含量均比对照显著增加,可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖含量以及单果重均有不同程度的降低.(2)不同时期套袋果的石细胞含量显著低于对照;与对照果相比套袋果果实表面光洁,果点小而稀,外观品质明显改善.(3)果实石细胞团的密度在幼果期较高,随着果实的发育膨大,密度逐渐减小,成熟前1个月左右基本稳定,石细胞团的纵横径随果实发育先逐渐增大而后减小,石细胞含量也表现出先增加后减少的趋势,在花后第49 d达到最大值.(4)果实内苯丙氨酸解氨酶在果实发育初期的活性较高,随着果实发育逐渐降低;多酚氧化酶活性变化与苯丙氨酸解氨酶相似;过氧化物酶活性随果实的生长呈现先上升后下降的趋势,其活性峰值在盛花后第28 d,其后缓慢下降.(5)不同时期套袋处理后,苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶以及多酚氧化酶活性整体上均比对照降低,与石细胞含量呈正相关关系.  相似文献   

2.
以库尔勒香梨为试材,在大蕾期喷施不同浓度乙烯利,调查库尔勒香梨萼片脱落率,观测果实生长发育进程和落果情况,测定成熟期果实品质,并基于主成分分析法对乙烯利处理下的果实品质进行综合评价,以揭示乙烯利对库尔勒香梨果实生长发育进程和果实品质的影响,为筛选最优乙烯利浓度应用于提高库尔勒香梨果实品质提供理论依据和技术支持。结果表明:(1)2021年自然生长状态下(对照)库尔勒香梨萼片脱落时间为9 d,不同浓度乙烯利处理后脱落时间会缩短1~2 d,且随着处理浓度梯度的升高,萼片脱落时间和萼片脱落高峰提前。(2)库尔勒香梨果实生长发育期约为130 d,乙烯利处理下和自然状态下的果实生长发育均呈“S”型曲线的变化趋势;乙烯利处理明显加快了果实成熟的速度,果实在花后110 d左右已达到成熟标准,从而可以确定合理的采收时间,并以300 mg·L-1乙烯利处理下脱萼果和宿萼果的纵横径和单果重增长最大;乙烯利处理下库尔勒香梨在第二次果实膨大期间落果较多,在花后50 d和110 d左右出现落果高峰,并以200 mg·L-1乙烯利处理对库尔勒香梨果形指数和落果率的影响最明显。(3)300 mg·L-1乙烯利处理对库尔勒香梨果实品质影响最大,宿萼果纵、横径和单果重较对照分别显著增加5.02%、10.90%和11.40%,脱萼果鲜干比重、可溶性固形物含量、VC含量和可溶性糖含量比对照分别显著提高5.67%、12.03%、21.48%和10.22%,脱萼果硬度和可滴定酸含量比对照分别显著降低10.10%和19.75%。(4)主成分分析显示,各浓度乙烯利处理下库尔勒香梨综合品质得分从高到低依次为300 mg·L-1脱萼果、300 mg·L-1宿萼果、200 mg·L-1宿萼果、200 mg·L-1脱萼果、100 mg·L-1脱萼果、100 mg·L-1宿萼果、CK脱萼果和CK宿萼果。研究发现,大蕾期喷施乙烯利促进了库尔勒香梨萼片的脱落,明显加快了果实的生长发育进程,并可有效提高果实品质,且以300 mg·L-1乙烯利处理对库尔勒香梨果实品质改善效果最优。  相似文献   

3.
以砀山酥梨果实为材料,研究了影响石细胞形成的木质素合成酶-多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)的酶学特性,并对PPO基因进行了克隆.结果表明,在砀山酥梨果实发育的过程中,PPO活性在花后27 d和47 d出现高峰,早于木质素含量高峰(花后47 d、61 d)和石细胞团含量高峰(花后51 d),且P...  相似文献   

4.
梨果实结构与耐贮性及品质关系的研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
梨果实是由下位民衍生,有发达的肉质果壁,是一种假果。不同品种梨果实结构有一;定判别表现在果实表现和果肉细胞及细胞内物质成分的不同。果实角质厝较厚,且后期深入表皮细胞间隙,表皮下4~5层细胞2含有大量易被染色的单宁类物质,定藏,角质膜较薄,表皮下细胞不含单宁类物质,不耐贮藏。不同品种梨果实中石细胞团的大小不同,糖分含含量也存在一定差异。石细胞团的大小与果肉细腻程度及糖分含量呈负相关,是影响果实品质的  相似文献   

5.
研究光强对砀山酥梨果实发育过程中石细胞形成的影响,探讨了内源激素和梨石细胞形成的关系。结果表明:梨花后第1周~11周是石细胞形成期,石细胞含量为高光强<中光强<弱光强<极弱光强;内源IAA、ZR含量于花后第1周与第7周分别出现2次高峰;花后第1周内源ABA含量最高后迅速下降,IAA、ZR和ABA含量为高光强>中光强>弱光强>极弱光强。高光强促进砀山酥梨果实发育前期IAA、ZR和ABA合成,减少石细胞的积累。  相似文献   

6.
以五种基因型梨果实为材料,对石细胞团的大小、分布进行解剖学观察,并测定石细胞、木质素含量和木质素相关合成酶PAL、POD、PPO活性,探讨不同基因型梨果实木质素代谢对石细胞含量及口感的影响.结果表明,不同基因型梨木质素含量高时,石细胞含量也高,石细胞团相对较大,分布较密集,口感差.各基因型的梨木质素、石细胞含量和大小为...  相似文献   

7.
套袋黄冠梨果实花斑病发生与其组织结构变化的关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以黄冠梨果实为试验材料,在调查套袋处理果实花斑病发生的基础上,研究了套袋及未套袋黄冠梨果实发育过程中的组织结构变化,并分析了发病果实的病部与正常果实组织结构差异。结果显示:(1)套3层袋果实花斑病的发病率为22.5%,而不套袋果实的发生率仅为1.5%。(2)未套袋果实角质层厚,而且呈波纹状分布,并渗入到表皮细胞间隙中,果实发育过程中厚度变化幅度不明显;套袋果实表面的角质层均匀一致,随果实迅速膨大,角质层变薄,且显著薄于未套袋果实,尤其是套3层袋与未套袋果实差异更大;套袋果实表皮细胞呈长方形,且较未套袋果实排列致密;不同套袋处理果实单宁细胞层数随果实发育逐渐减少,在花后90 d后,套袋处理与未套袋处理的厚度无显著差异。(3)套袋果实果肉薄壁细胞排列紧密,胞间隙小,其石细胞大小和密度均较未套袋果实小。(4)套袋果实花斑病发病部位角质层模糊,发病果实正常部位的角质层、表皮层厚度和单宁层均低于正常果实。研究表明,套袋黄冠梨果实表面组织结构发生较明显变化,它对梨果实花斑病的发生有重要影响。  相似文献   

8.
梨果实的石细胞   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
概述了梨石细胞的发育过程、形态特征、大小分布与梨果实品质的关系,以及影响其形成的因素和石细胞的分离方法,并对梨石细胞的研究作了展望.  相似文献   

9.
为探究钙试剂处理对早期榛子果实发育与成果率的影响,为榛子果实的生长发育及产量的提高提供理论依据,在榛子的盛花期进行CaCl_2及EGTA喷施处理,T1处理:浓度为20 mmol·L~(-1)CaCl_2,T2处理:浓度为20 mmol·L~(-1)EGTA溶液,CK处理:清水作为对照。在花后30和35 d测定果实的直径及钙的含量。在果实成熟期对果簇的果实数量及果实败育率统计。结果表明:T1处理的两品种在花后30 d幼果直径与CK处理相比分别增长了12.63%和14.13%,含钙量(Wt)分别提高了27.2%和44.63%;T2处理的幼果比CK处理分别减少了11.58%和13.04%,含钙量(Wt)分别降低9.74%和13.76%,且均达到显著差异水平。花后35 d T1处理的两品种幼果直径与CK处理比分别增长了10.94%和15.18%,含钙量(Wt)分别提高了25.13%和40.61%;T2处理的两品种幼果直径分别小于CK处理15.63%和13.39%,含钙量(Wt)分别降低26.8%和26.06%,且均达到显著差异。两品种幼果含钙量与成熟后果簇的平均果实数量呈显著正相关关系,与成熟后的平均果实败育率呈显著负相关关系。  相似文献   

10.
【目的】为了澄清香梨Pyrus sinkangensis果实上红色斑点的形成原因和危害果实的蚧虫种类及扩散传播途径。【方法】以定点人工接虫法观察两种盾蚧对香梨果实各发育阶段造成的危害特性,悬挂黄板阻截法监测了杨盾蚧若虫的扩散距离。【结果】在香梨果实幼果期危害果实的是杨盾蚧Quadraspidiotusslavonicus (Green)1龄若虫,5月下旬至6月上旬以1龄若虫随风从香梨园周边杨树林带飘落到香梨叶片、果实上并在香梨果实表面危害形成红色斑点。在自然风力2-3级时,杨盾蚧1龄若虫最远可扩散到50m处,黄板上截获的平均虫口密度为0.01头/cm2;风力5-6级时,可扩散到150 m处,黄板上截获的平均虫口密度为0.24头/㎝2。在香梨果实膨大期,即7月中旬梨圆蚧第2代1龄若虫在梨树靠自身爬行能力扩散到果实上,并在香梨果实表面危害形成斑点(危害果实着色部位时可形成深红色斑点;危害果实未着色部位形成深绿色的斑点),使果实畸形。【结论】在香梨果实幼果期果实上引起红色斑点的蚧虫是杨盾蚧1龄若虫;杨树林带的高度、风力的大小以及虫源木上的虫口数量是影响杨盾蚧扩散数量和距离的重要因素。在香梨果实膨大期(即7月中旬)在香梨果实表面危害形成斑点,使果实畸形蚧虫是梨圆蚧Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock)的第2代若虫。  相似文献   

11.
The aim of the study was to examine the response of pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees to soil and foliar applications of boron (B). The experiment was carried out during 2000–2001 in a commercial orchard in Central Poland on mature `Conference' pear trees grafted on Pyrus communis var. caucasica seedlings planted at a spacing of 4 × 2.5 m on a sandy loam soil with a low hot water-extractable B status. Annually, foliar sprays with B were applied. (i) before full bloom (at green and white bud stage, and when 1–5% of flowers was at full bloom), (ii) after flowering (at petal fall, and 7 and 14 days after the end of flowering), or (iii) postharvest in fall (approximately 6 weeks before leaf fall). Spray treatments involved application of B at a rate of 0.2 kg ha–1 in spring or 0.8 kg ha–1 in fall. Additionally, other trees were supplied with soil-applied B at the bud break stage at a rate of 2 kg ha–1. Trees untreated with B served as the control. The results revealed that foliar applications of B before full bloom or after harvest increased fruit set and fruit yield. Tree vigor, mean fruit weight, firmness, soluble solids concentration and titratable acidity of fruits at harvest were not affected by B treatments. Foliar B sprays before full bloom or after harvest increased B concentrations in flowers, and both leaves and fruitlets at 40 days after flowering. Only the foliar treatments after flowering and soil fertilization with B increased the content of this microelement in fruit and leaves at 80 and 120 days after full bloom. Foliar B application before full bloom or after harvest increased calcium (Ca) in fruitlets at 40 days after full bloom, in fruit, and in leaves at 80 and 120 days after full bloom. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and magnesium (Mg) in plant tissues were not affected by B fertilization. After storage, and also after the ripening period, fruits from the trees sprayed with B before full bloom or after harvest had higher firmness and titratable acidity than those from the control trees. After the ripening period, fruits from the trees sprayed with B before full bloom or after harvest had lower membrane permeability and were less sensitive to internal browning than the control fruits. These findings indicate that prebloom and postharvest B sprays are successful in increasing pear tree yielding and in improving fruit storability under the conditions of low B availability in the soil.  相似文献   

12.
13.
The response of pear fruit and leaf parameters to shade imposed during development was studied. Whole branches of mature trees of Pyrus communis L. cv. Bartlett growing in the High Valley area of Argentina were covered with a shade cloth (80 % reduction in irradiance) from 6 to 18 weeks after full bloom (WAFB) during the 1995-96 growing season. Fruit diameter was measured at two-weekly intervals; flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration, and leaf area were determined 18 WAFB. Prolonged shading significantly reduced fruiting spur specific leaf mass and consequently resulted in 20.79 % less final fruit fresh mass. However, flesh firmness was 8.07 % lower under full irradiance. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

14.
15.
库尔勒香梨黑头病拮抗菌的筛选和鉴定   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
【背景】库尔勒香梨黑头病是近年来发现的一种由芸薹生链格孢菌(Alternaria brassicicola)XL2引起的采后病症,由于其高侵染率和高腐烂率造成了极大的经济损失,目前已成为库尔勒香梨采后储运的主要防治病症之一。【目的】发掘高效的库尔勒香梨黑头病拮抗菌,探索拮抗菌株的抑菌作用,为其生物防治提供潜在资源菌。【方法】从采后健康果蔬表面分离不同微生物,采用平板对峙法,以A.brassicicola XL2为靶标菌筛选具有拮抗作用的菌株,结合形态学观察、生理生化检测和16S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定拮抗菌株分类地位;检测拮抗菌无菌滤液对A. brassicicola XL2的抑制效应,显微观察拮抗菌对A.brassicicola XL2菌丝生长的影响;验证拮抗菌发酵液在库尔勒香梨果实上的抑菌活性。【结果】从新疆油桃表面分离获得90株菌,其中菌株Y2对A. brassicicola XL2有较强拮抗作用,经鉴定其为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。菌株Y2的无菌滤液对A. brassicicola XL2菌落生长具有明显抑制作用,2%的无菌滤液抑菌率达到70.96%;Y2无菌滤液造成A.brassicicola XL2菌丝扭曲变形、分枝增加、尖端出现致密结构等异常现象;Y2发酵液和无菌滤液明显抑制A.brassicicola XL2的孢子萌发;Y2发酵液在库尔勒香梨果实上具有较高抑菌活性,对库尔勒香梨病斑直径抑制率达到37.66%,深度抑制率达到42.74%。【结论】枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis)Y2能有效抑制A. brassicicola XL2的生长,对库尔勒香梨黑头病具有显著的生物防治效果。  相似文献   

16.
‘黄金梨’果肉硬化症的果实显微结构观察   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文以‘黄金梨’硬化症病果和正常果为试材,采用常规的石蜡切片法,比较了硬化症病果果肩部(SE)、果顶部(CE)以及正常果果肩部(CKSE)和果顶部(CKCE)的表皮及果肉的解剖结构差异。结果表明,CKSE和CKCE的角质层薄,随表皮细胞的生长出现不同程度的起伏,单宁细胞层平均为3-4层;SE和CE的角质层和单宁细胞层细胞相对较厚。‘黄金梨’的表皮层和单宁细胞层细胞的横径长度均大于纵径,但CE和SE的纵/横比值均高于CKSE和CKCE,说明病果的细胞形状发生了变化,逐渐接近于圆形或椭圆形,尤其是硬化症症状严重的果顶部。果肉硬度大小依次是CE〉SE〉CKCE〉CKSE:CKCE、CKSE和SE果肉中石细胞团直径较CE大;CKSE和CKCE的团围薄壁细胞的长度比SE和CE的长。  相似文献   

17.
The distribution of free and bound polyamines was investigated from blooming until harvest on flower, fruitlets and fruits of Malus domestica Borkh cv. Golden Delicious, Relationships between polyamines and fruit set and growth were also investigated. The level of free polyamines was high only during the first weeks after full bloom and then decreased gradually. The amount of bound trichloroacetic acid-insoluble polyamines was much higher than free polyamines. Bound spermine in particular showed a high value for almost 40 days after full bloom, while spermidine and putrescine were no longer detectable even a few days after full bloom.
In relation to fruit set, it was possible to observe that abscission peaks took place when free polyamine levels were low or decreasing. Insofar as fruit growth is concerned, the most substantial variations in polyamine levels occurred very early in the season when fruit dry weight and protein amount were also changing rapidly and fruit diameter was almost impossible to measure.  相似文献   

18.
Apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) of two table and two cider cultivars were collected during fruit growth and maturation from the end of cell proliferation. Concentrations of flavonoids (flavan-3-ols, dihydrochalcones and flavonols) in the fruit flesh decreased sharply between circa 35 and circa 100 days after flowering. For hydroxycinnamic acids, the decrease appeared slower. In a second experiments apples of the cider cultivars Kermerrien and Avrolles were sampled every 2 weeks from 40 days after flowering to overripeness for a detailed characterisation of polyphenol accumulation kinetics in the fruit flesh. Most polyphenol synthesis had occurred at 40 days after full bloom, though it persisted at a low (Kermerrien) to very low (Avrolles) level during all the fruit growth. All qualitative characteristics of the polyphenols were remarkably stable. The degree of polymerisation of the procyanidins increased slightly in Avrolles and decreased in Kermerrien. This was accompanied by a relative increase in procyanidin B2, while size-exclusion chromatography of Kermerrien polyphenol extracts showed the disappearance of a highly polymerised fraction.  相似文献   

19.
Mature fruit of ‘Dangshansuli’ pear has yellow-green skin, while its mutant ‘Xiusu’ has russet fruit skin, which is a genetic variation. To explore the mechanism underlying the russet formation, the fruit spot and epidermal structure were observed, the color, texture, and wax and suberin components were evaluated, and the gene expression levels were confirmed. In the present study, the color, texture and fruit spot of the epidermis differed significantly between ‘Dangshansuli’ and ‘Xiusu’ at 25 days after full bloom (DAFB). The cuticular wax components were alkanes, olefins, alkanoic acids, alcohols and terpenes, and the suberin was composed of fatty acid, α,ω-diacids, ω-hydroxy fatty acids, mainly ferulic acid and primary alcohols in the epidermis of ‘Dangshansuli’ and ‘Xiusu’, which exhibited significant differences at most stages of the development of pear fruits. Moreover, the expression levels of genes involved in wax and suberin were consistent with morphological and biochemical analyses. The results indicated that the suberization of epidermal cells occurred when pear fruit was young and that wax and suberin might contribute to the russet formation on the epidermis of ‘Xiusu’, leading to the significant differences in color, texture, fruit spot, and exocarp structure between ‘Dangshansuli’ and ‘Xiusu’ pears.  相似文献   

20.
Softening characteristics were investigated in three types of pear fruit, namely, European pear 'La France', Chinese pear 'Yali', and Japanese pear 'Nijisseiki'. 'La France' fruit softened dramatically and developed a melting texture during ripening, while 'Yali' fruit with and without propylene treatment showed no change in flesh firmness and texture during ripening. Non-treated 'Nijisseiki' did not show a detectable decrease in flesh firmness, whereas continuous propylene treatment caused a gradual decrease in firmness resulting in a mealy texture. In 'La France', the analysis of cell wall polysaccharides revealed distinct solubilization and depolymerization of pectin and hemicellulose during fruit softening. In 'Nijisseiki', propylene treatment led to the solubilization and depolymerization of pectic polysaccharides to a limited extent, but not of hemicellulose. In 'Yali', hemicellulose polysaccharides were depolymerized during ripening, but there was hardly any change in pectic polysaccharides except in the water-soluble fraction. PC-PG1 and PC-PG2, two polygalacturonase (PG) genes, were expressed in 'La France' fruit during ripening, while only PC-PG2 was expressed in 'Nijisseiki' and neither PC-PG1 or PC-PG2 was expressed in 'Yali'. The expression pattern of PC-XET1 was constitutive during ripening in all three pear types. PG activity measured by the reducing sugar assay increased in all three pears during ripening. However, viscometric measurements showed that the levels of endo-PG activity were high in 'La France', low in 'Nijisseiki', and undetectable in 'Yali' fruits. These results suggest that, in pears, cell wall degradation is correlated with a decrease in firmness during ripening and the modification of both pectin and hemicellulose are essential for the development of a melting texture. Furthermore, the data suggest that different softening behaviours during ripening among the three pear fruits may be caused by different endo-PG activity and different expression of PG genes.  相似文献   

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