共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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水处理絮凝剂研究与应用进展 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
水处理絮凝剂的发展经历了从最初的传统絮凝剂,到无机高分子絮凝剂,再到有机高分子絮凝剂;从简单的天然有机高分子絮凝剂,到合成的有机高分子絮凝剂,再到基于生态安全性的天然改性有机高分子絮凝剂;从单纯的无机或有机高分子絮凝剂,到有机 无机复合絮凝剂;从化学絮凝剂,再到具有生态安全性能的生物絮凝剂.为了促进水处理絮凝剂的迅速发展和实际应用,本文综述了水处理絮凝剂在国内外的研究进展与应用现状,重点对化学和微生物两大类絮凝剂分别阐述了其特点以及在水处理中的应用情况,并对其发展方向进行了分析和评价;尤其是针对目前我国絮凝剂研究与开发应用中的不足,对今后的研究工作提出了一些建议和设想. 相似文献
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[背景]海科贝特氏菌(Cobetia marina)可产生大量具有絮凝活性的胞外产物,可视为一种新型的生物絮凝剂。高温栅藻(Desmodesmus sp.F51)是一种具有较高叶黄素含量的微藻,被认为是一种新兴的叶黄素来源,但利用该生物絮凝剂高效富集高温栅藻的相关研究迄今尚未见报道。[目的]以高温栅藻为对象,研究该新型生物絮凝剂的絮凝效率,并对絮凝机理进行初步探讨。[方法]探索在不同生长阶段微藻培养液添加生物絮凝剂、添加量、絮凝时间、pH对絮凝效率的影响,分析生物絮凝剂的功能基团,并测定在不同pH条件下添加生物絮凝剂前后高温栅藻的Zeta电位变化,以及在显微镜下分析藻细胞在添加生物絮凝剂前后的形态。[结果]在高温栅藻生长至稳定期(pH 8.0)添加2 mL生物絮凝剂,絮凝15 min絮凝效果最佳,达82.1%。傅里叶红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)显示了多糖及酰胺结构的特征吸收峰,由此推测生物絮凝剂主要是多糖的混合物,含有少量蛋白质。根据Bradford法测定絮凝剂中蛋白含量约为0.4%(质量比),通过苯酚-硫酸法测定总糖质量分数约为34.5%(质量比),与FTIR分析结果基本相符。生物絮凝剂在pH 4.0-11.0保持60%以上的絮凝效率,说明无论是酸性或是碱性条件下絮凝效率都较高,结合Zeta电位的分析表明,推测生物絮凝剂对高温栅藻的絮凝机理中占主导地位的可能是吸附架桥作用。[结论]该研究对微藻生物絮凝具有重要的理论和实践意义。 相似文献
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生物絮凝剂絮凝活性评价方法的探讨 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:6
对生物絮凝剂絮凝活性的评价方法进行了探讨。研究发现,在固定絮凝剂添加量的情况下仅仅比较絮凝率大小,从而对絮凝活性进行评价的方法是不科学的。絮凝剂絮凝活性应以絮凝率和絮凝剂最适添加量两个指标为其活性评价参数,在有较高絮凝率的情况下,絮凝剂添加量越少则絮凝活性越高。 相似文献
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Nie M Yin X Jia J Wang Y Liu S Shen Q Li P Wang Z 《Journal of applied microbiology》2011,111(3):547-558
Aims: To isolate and characterize the novel bioflocculant‐producing bacteria, to optimize the bioflocculant production and to evaluate its potential applications. Methods and Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae strain NY1, a bacterium that produces a novel bioflocculant (MNXY1), was selected on the chemically defined media. It was classified according to the 16S rRNA gene sequence, morphological and microscopic characteristics. MNXY1 was characterized to contain 26% protein and 66% total sugar. The constituent sugar monomers of MNXY1, revealed by NMR analysis, are glucose, galactose and quinovose. Favourable culture conditions for MNXY1 production were determined. Strain NY1 produces a high level (14.9 g l?1) of MNXY1. MNXY1 is thermostable and tolerant to the extreme pH. It precipitated 54% of cyanobacteria from laboratory culture and 72% of the total suspended solids from raw wastewater. Conclusions: Strain NY1 was identified to produce a novel bioflocculant MNXY1. The outstanding performance of MNXY1 in practical applications and its availability in copious amounts make it attractive for further investigation and development for industrial scale applications. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is first report for the identification of a quinovose‐containing bioflocculant and application of a protein–polysaccharide complex bioflocculant in precipitation of cyanobacteria. These findings suggest that MNXY1 holds great potential for use in management of harmful algae and city wastewater treatment. 相似文献
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Yokoi Haruhiko Aratake Tomoteru Hirose Jun Hayashi Sachio Takasaki Yoshiyuki 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2001,17(6):609-613
Hydrogen and a bioflocculant could be produced simultaneously by anaerobic culture of Enterobacter sp. BY-29. For production of hydrogen and the bioflocculant by cell culture of the bacterium in batch cultures, cultivation at 37 °C in a medium containing glucose as a carbon source and Polypepton as a nitrogen source was found to be suitable. In continuous production of hydrogen and the bioflocculant by cell culture or immobilized cells of the bacterium, the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield by the immobilized cells on porous glass beads in stirred and column reactors were higher than those by the cell culture in a stirred reactor. However, production of the bioflocculant by the cell culture was superior to that by the immobilized cells in continuous production. 相似文献
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A. M. Ugbenyen S. Cosa L. V. Mabinya A. I. Okoh 《Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology》2014,50(1):49-54
In our previous study we reported on the bioflocculant production by a Bacillus species isolated from sediment samples of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. In the current study we carried out further evaluation on the effect of different culture conditions on the bioflocculant production, as well as characterised the bioflocculant produced in detail. The bacteria produced bioflocculant optimally under the following conditions: using sodium carbonate (95.2% flocculating activity) and potassium nitrate (76.6% flocculating activity) as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively; inoculum size of 3% (v/v); initial pH 9.0; and Al3+ as coagulant aid. The crude bioflocculant retained 44.2% residual flocculating activity after heating at 100°C for 15 min. Chemical analysis of the Bacillus sp. Gilbert purified bioflocculant demonstrated that it was composed mainly of polysaccharide. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and methylene groups in the bioflocculant and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis detected the elemental composition in mass proportion (% w/w) of C, N, O, S and P as 4.12:7.40:39.92:3.00:13.91. Scanning electron micrograph image of the bioflocculant revealed an amorphous compound. 相似文献
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Lanyan Peng Chunping Yang Guangming Zeng Lu Wang Chuanhua Dai Zhiyong Long Hongyu Liu Yuanyuan Zhong 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2014,98(15):6847-6858
A new bioflocculant was produced by culturing Rhodococcus erythropolis in a cheap medium. When culture pH was 7.0, inoculum size was 2 % (v/v), Na2HPO4 concentration was 0.5 g L?1, and the ratio of sludge/livestock wastewater was 7:1 (v/v), a maximum flocculating rate of 87.6 % could be achieved. Among 13 different kinds of pretreatments for sludge, the optimal one was the thermal-alkaline pretreatment. Different from a bioflocculant produced in a standard medium, this bioflocculant was effective over a wide pH range from 2 to 12 with flocculating rates higher than 98 %. Approximately, 1.6 g L?1 of crude bioflocculant could be harvested using cold ethanol for extraction. This bioflocculant showed color removal rates up to 80 % when applied to direct and disperse dye solutions, but only 23.0 % for reactive dye solutions. Infrared spectrum showed that the bioflocculant contained functional groups such as –OH, –NH2, and –CONH2. Components in the bioflocculant consisted of 91.2 % of polysaccharides, 7.6 % of proteins, and 1.2 % of DNA. When the bioflocculant and copper sulfate (CuSO4) were used together for decolorization in actual dye wastewater, the optimum decolorization conditions were specified by the response surface methodology as pH 11, bioflocculant dosage of 40 mg/L, and CuSO4 80 mg/L, under which a decolorization rate of 93.9 % could be reached. 相似文献
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筛选出一株针对屠宰废水有高效絮凝活性的微生物絮凝剂产生菌,并对其所产微生物絮凝剂D6进行单因子絮凝条件优化和正交试验优化得到最佳絮凝条件。絮凝条件包括:微生物絮凝剂D6投加量、pH、金属离子种类、1%CaCl2投加量。试验中发现碱性环境是微生物絮凝剂D6发挥絮凝活性的前提,表明微生物絮凝剂D6分子链的充分伸展对絮凝作用起决定因素,因此微生物絮凝剂D6的絮凝机理为吸附架桥作用。其最佳絮凝条件为微生物絮凝剂D6的投加量为25mL·L-1,1%CaCl2投加量55mL·L-1,pH为8。在最佳絮凝条件下,絮凝率为96.6%,浊度去除率为97.8%,SS去除率为92.6%。 相似文献
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利用多孔聚酯泡沫为载体,进行微生物絮凝剂产生菌的固定化及连续生产絮凝剂的研究。研究发现,利用多孔聚酯泡沫可吸附固定XN1菌丝细胞,且能较长时间保持高的活性。固定化XN1菌在三相流化床反应器中连续发酵运行13d无发现菌膜脱落现象,且发酵液絮凝活性均维持在90%以上,说明利用多孔聚酯泡沫颗粒作为固定化载体,连续生产絮凝剂的方法是可行的。另外,研究还发现,该菌所产生絮凝剂具有较高的热稳定性,在反应器中室温下保存数日仍可维持较高的絮凝活性。 相似文献
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【目的】以新疆古尔班通古特沙漠的生物结皮为样品,通过培养、筛选、分离得到一株高产胞外多糖(EPS)的菌株XJ-27,对XJ-27菌株所产的胞外多糖进行分离纯化,并对其絮凝性进行研究。【方法】利用DEAE sepharose CL-6B阴离子层析和Sephadex G100凝胶层析的方法对胞外多糖进行纯化,通过紫外分析方法和高效凝胶渗透色谱进行纯度的测定,利用高效凝胶渗透色谱法(HP-GPC)测定其分子量,以高岭土为体系对其絮凝性进行研究。【结果】利用层析分离的方法共得到2个胞外多糖的组分,对其中一个组分进一步纯化,得到组分EPS-I。结果表明,EPS-I纯度较高,分子量为575 kD。同时对胞外多糖的絮凝性进行了研究,结果表明该胞外多糖对高岭土为体系的絮凝率为80.4%。【结论】菌株XJ-27产胞外多糖,其胞外多糖具有絮凝性,对该胞外多糖进行分离纯化后,得到分子量为575 kD的多糖组分EPS-I。 相似文献
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研究了共存碳源对克雷伯氏菌NIII2以蔗糖为主要碳源发酵产絮凝剂的影响.实验结果表明:柠檬酸为共存碳源时,克雷伯氏菌NIII2分泌絮凝剂过程中容易产酸,使得絮凝剂的产量和碳源转化率都较低.当丁二酸、乙酸、乳酸为共存碳源时,发酵液pH均高于7.5,絮凝剂产量有所提高,最高可达10.87g/L,碳源转化率也较高,为43.48%.与柠檬酸为共存碳源相比,当投加丁二酸时,克雷伯氏菌NIII2所产微生物絮凝剂中蛋白质与糖含量比值提高了33%,絮凝剂的Zeta电位值由-60.00 mV升高至-28.07 mV,絮凝剂分子粒径广泛分布在0~300μm之间且大粒径分子所占比例增加,聚合度加大,絮凝剂表面形貌呈现结块团状无定型结构,从而提高絮凝剂的活性和性能.该微生物絮凝剂投加量为4.0 mg/L,对2 g/L高岭土的SS去除率可达97.3%. 相似文献