几株絮凝剂产生菌的特性研究

筛选到８３株絮凝剂产生菌，其中絮凝活性最高的四株分属于芽孢乳杆菌属、节细菌属、假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属。四株菌在生长过程中均可产生胞外絮凝物质，在最适培养条件下絮凝剂产量为０．５－０．９ｇ／Ｌ。纯化后的四种絮凝剂中，三种为核蛋白，一种为糖蛋白，均为高分子量物质（ＭＷ＞１０＾６）。四株菌均不含质粒。１２－３０ｇ／Ｌ的絮凝剂在１小时内对所有供试材料均有较好的絮凝效果。动物急性毒性实验表明。     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及其培养条件优化

从广西大学食用菌废弃料中分离出7株絮凝剂产生菌,以发酵液对高岭土悬浮液絮凝效果为指标衡量其絮凝活性及产絮凝剂能力,经过初筛与复筛,筛选到一株絮凝剂高产菌F00,初步确定属曲霉属(Aspergillus),并对其产生絮凝剂的条件进行优化.     

一株絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及其絮凝特性研究

目的:筛选并研究对有毒物质有一定耐受性的絮凝剂产生菌。方法:利用含苯酚、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和Pb2(SO4)3的分离培养基从土壤和活性污泥中分离筛选絮凝剂产生菌,对所得的菌种进行摇瓶发酵试验,分别考察其产絮凝剂的周期、絮凝活性分布以及对有毒物质的耐受性等特征,通过提取絮凝剂,将其絮凝活性与其它絮凝剂进行比较。结果:得到一株对苯酚具有一定耐受性的絮凝剂产生菌B2(Serratiasp.),其产絮凝剂的最佳培养时间为48h,絮凝率高于80%。苯酚浓度达0.6g/L时,B2菌的絮凝活性仍高于70%。其90%的絮凝物质集中于菌体,且热稳定性好,对多种悬浊液的絮凝活性高于硫酸铝、PAC。结论:新型絮凝剂产生菌B2对苯酚耐受性强,且絮凝剂提取简便,具有重要的研究价值。     

洗涤剂用碱性纤维素酶的研究(I)——产酶菌种的选育及发酵条件

从土壤中分离获得碱性纤维素酶产生菌嗜碱芽孢杆菌ＳＨＹ８－１,经紫外线（ＵＶ）、亚硝基胍（ＮＴＧ）、甲基磺酸乙酯（ＥＭＳ）诱变及反复的自然分离和压力选择,获得高产变异株ＳＨＹ８－５７２５,产酶量由０．８９８ｕ／ｍｌ提高到１５～２０ｕ／ｍｌ,对影响产酶的各因素进行了分析测试。     

含硫多肽类抗生素那西肽的菌种诱变及产量提高

那西肽（Ｎｏｓｉｈｅｐｔｉｄｅ）产生菌Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓ ａｃｔｕｏｓｕｓ Ｚ１１,经ＮＴＧ处理和对Ｃｕ＾２＋,Ｍｎ＾２＋耐受选育,获得突变株Ｚ１５,其可耐受Ｃｕ＾２＋为３００μｇ／ｍｌ,耐Ｍｎ＾２＋１０００μｇ／ｍｌ,产生那西肽可达１５００μｇ／ｍｌ是Ｚ１１活力的１．６倍。     

产鸟苷的枯草杆菌缺失GMP还原酶活性突变株的选育

以枯草杆菌ＳＭ－１２－２为出发菌株,经物理化学诱变剂连续处理,获得一株８－氮杂鸟嘌呤（８－ＡＧ）,缺失鸟苷酸（ＧＭＰ）还原酶性的突变株Ｇ－２０５。该突变株肌苷酸（ＩＭＰ）脱氢酶活性比亲株高,在培养基中积累５．１７ｍｇ／ｍｌ鸟苷,９．８４ｍｇ／ｍｌ肌苷。     

嗜热芽孢杆菌XJT9503高温中性蛋白酶的研究──Ⅰ．XJT9503菌的特性

从新疆吐鲁番盆地土壤里分离到一株嗜热芽孢杆菌,代号ＸＪＴ９５０３．能产生胞外高温中性蛋白酶,该菌在旋转式摇床上１１０ｒ／ｍｉｎ,４５℃下培养６０小时,发酵液产酶为５６００单位／ｍｌ,但在４５℃静止培养产酶可达７４００单位／ｍｌ,Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋对产酶有明显促进作用,Ｃｕ２＋等抑制产酶。     

洗涤剂用碱性纤维素酶的研究（Ⅰ）：产酶菌种的选育及发酵条件

从土壤中分离获得碱性纤维素酶产生菌嗜碱芽孢杆菌ＳＨＹ８－１，经紫外线，亚硝基胍，甲基磺酸乙酯诱变及反复的自然分离和压力选择，获得高产变异株ＳＨＹ８－５７２５，产酶量由０．８９８ｕ／ｍｌ提高到１５－２０ｕ／ｍｌ，对影响产酶的各因素进行了分析测试。     

一株絮凝剂产生菌的筛选鉴定及培养条件

从淤泥中筛选到1株高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌JX18,经过对其形态特征、生理生化特性、以及16SrRNA序列分析初步鉴定为荧光假单胞菌。该菌培养40h进入稳定期,48h时絮凝活性达到最大。进一步研究表明:菌株JX18最适培养基初始pH值7.0,培养温度30°C,摇床转速160r/min,最佳碳源和氮源分别为葡萄糖和蛋白胨。最适培养条件下,所产絮凝剂对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝活性达到90.56%。     

高效微生物絮凝剂D6对屠宰废水的应用研究

筛选出一株针对屠宰废水有高效絮凝活性的微生物絮凝剂产生菌,并对其所产微生物絮凝剂D6进行单因子絮凝条件优化和正交试验优化得到最佳絮凝条件。絮凝条件包括:微生物絮凝剂D6投加量、pH、金属离子种类、1%CaCl₂投加量。试验中发现碱性环境是微生物絮凝剂D6发挥絮凝活性的前提,表明微生物絮凝剂D6分子链的充分伸展对絮凝作用起决定因素,因此微生物絮凝剂D6的絮凝机理为吸附架桥作用。其最佳絮凝条件为微生物絮凝剂D6的投加量为25mL·L^-1,1%CaCl₂投加量55mL·L^-1,pH为8。在最佳絮凝条件下,絮凝率为96.6%,浊度去除率为97.8%,SS去除率为92.6%。     

天然碱碱泥分离用微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选

为解决内蒙天然碱泥分离的问题,从土壤、污水和活性污泥中,经初筛得到的57株产絮凝剂菌株,均有絮凝活性。并通过复筛从中筛选出絮凝活性较高、性状相对更稳定的2株菌株W23和L42。细菌的全培养液对强碱性的天然碱碱泥具有较强絮凝作用,其平均絮凝率分别达到79.80%和87.96%。     

复合诱变黑曲霉选育β-葡萄糖苷酶高产菌株

对黑曲霉原生质体进行紫外、ＬｉＣｌ复合诱变,观察诱变后原生质体再生菌落,发现了抱子颜色变异较大的菌株,且其变化与酶产量相关。经发酵筛选,获得卜葡萄糖昔酶活较高菌株,其酶活由出发菌株的１０ｕ／ｍｌ提高到１４．７ｕ／ｍｌ。再对高产突变株进行氮离子注入,酶活又提高２０％（达１７ｕ／ｍｌ）。     

Calcofluor- and lectin-binding exocellular polysaccharides of Azospirillum brasilense and Azospirillum lipoferum.

Extracellular polysaccharides synthesized by Azospirillum brasilense and A. lipoferum were shown on agar plates and liquid flocculating cultures. The six strains used in this work expressed a mucoid phenotype, yielding positive calcofluor fluorescence under UV light. The calcofluor-binding polysaccharides were distributed between the capsular and exopolysaccharide fractions, suggesting exocellular localization. No calcofluor fluorescence was observed in residual cells after separation of the capsular and exopolysaccharide fractions. Cellulose content was significantly higher in flocculating than in nonflocculating cultures. Failure to induce flocculation by addition of cellulose (100 mg/ml) to nonflocculating cultures, together with the sensitivity of flocs to cellulase digestion, suggested that cellulose is involved in maintenance of floc stability. Different A. brasilense and A. lipoferum strains bound to a wheat lectin (fluorescein isothiocyanate-wheat germ agglutinin), indicating the occurrence of specific sugar-bearing receptors for wheat germ agglutinin on the cell surface. The biochemical specificity of the reaction was shown by hapten inhibition with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. All six strains failed to recognize fluorescein isothiocyanate-soybean seed lectin under our experimental conditions. We conclude that azospirilla produce exocellular polysaccharides with calcofluor- and lectin-binding properties.     

微生物法生产普鲁兰酶的研究

对产普鲁兰酶的出发菌株进行筛选和诱变,使酶活从22．10u／ml提高到了40．77u／ml,酶活提高了84．4％。随后对菌体产酶培养基进行了确定和优化,得到最佳发酵培养基,在此培养基下,菌体产酶达46．76u／ml,为原酶活的114．7％。     

Production of a novel polygalacturonic acid bioflocculant REA-11 by Corynebacterium glutamicum

The production of a novel polygalacturonic acid bioflocculant REA-11 from a newly isolated strain, Corynebacterium glutamicum CCTCC M201005, was investigated. Sucrose was chosen as a carbon source for REA-11 production. Complex nitrogen sources containing urea and an organic nitrogen compound enhanced both bacterial growth and REA-11 production, among which urea plus corn steep liquor was shown to be the most efficient combination. A cost-effective medium for REA-11 production mainly comprised 17 g/l sucrose, 0.45 g/l urea, and 5 ml/l corn steep liquor, under which conditions the flocculating activity reached 390 U/ml. The molar ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) significantly affected REA-11 production, where a C/N ratio of 20:1 was shown to be the best. Interestingly, by simultaneously feeding sucrose and urea at a C/N ratio of 20:1 at 24 h of fermentation, REA-11 production (458 U/ml) was enhanced by 17% compared to the control. In a 10 l jar fermentor, lower dissolved oxygen tension was favorable for REA-11 production: a flocculating activity of 520 U/ml was achieved at a kappaLa of 100 h(-1). REA-11 raw product is relatively thermo-stable at acidic pH ranges of 3.0-6.5. Preliminary application studies showed that REA-11 had stronger flocculating activity to Kaolin clay suspension compared to chemical flocculants. In addition, the capability of decolorizing molasses wastewater indicates the industrial potential of this novel bioflocculant.     

Optimization of flocculation conditions for kaolin suspension using the composite flocculant of MBFGA1 and PAC by response surface methodology

The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to study the treatment of kaolin suspension by the composite flocculant of MBFGA1 and PAC. And the two quadratic models of the five factors were established with the flocculating rate and floc size as the target responses. The optimal flocculating conditions are MBFGA1 99.75 mg/L, PAC 121 mg/L, pH 7.3, CaCl₂ 27 mg/L and the top speed of stir 163 rpm, respectively. That was obtained from the compromised results of two desirable responses, flocculating rate as 100% and floc size as 0.7 mm which were deduced from the frequency of responses. By means of Zeta potential measurement and experiment of flocculating process, it could be concluded that PAC has more capability on changing the potential of colloid and MBFGA1 is good at absorption and bridge effect. The composite of two kinds of predominance makes a significant sense on enhancing flocculating rate, reducing flocculent costs and decreasing secondary pollution.     

球形芽孢杆菌的抗药标记及外源DNA的转化与表达

用亚硝基胍（NTG）对球形芽孢杆菌（Bacillussphaericus）进行化学诱变,筛选到利福平（Rif）和链霉素（Sm）二个标记菌株。抗药浓度均达100u／ml培养基。其抗药性状能够获得较好地遗传。用含溶葡球菌酶基因的质粒DNA对RifR菌株进行原生质体转化,酶基因在该抗药菌株中获得了高效表达。经摇瓶发酵试验,溶葡球菌酶的活性约为122u／ml培养液。     

微生物絮凝剂的研制——菌种选育、絮凝效果及提取工艺

从土壤、河泥、活性污泥中分离出 75 2株细菌 ,以发酵液对高岭土悬浮液絮凝效果中国石油化工股份有限公司科学技术研究开发资金资助项目 (No . 990 0 1 8)收稿日期 :2 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 ,修改日期 :2 0 0 0 1 2 3 0为指标 ,筛选出 1株絮凝剂产生高效菌。该菌在实验室培养条件下 ,以 0 2mL/3 0mL接种量 ,5h种龄的种子液接种 ,2 5℃、pH7摇床培养 3d可达最高絮凝活性。最佳培养基配方为 :葡萄糖 2 0g ,尿素 0 3g ,酵母膏 0 6g ,Na     

Xylanase production by Thermomyces lanuginosus wild and mutant strains

Thermomyces lanuginosus strains from different culture collections, namely ATCC 26909, ATCC 22083, DEN 1457, IMI 84400 and BS1 were compared for xylanase production, and isozyme profile. Of all the strains of T. lanuginosus, BS1 a soil isolate produced the largest amount of xylanase. All strains were found to produce two forms of xylanase (I & II) with molecular mass corresponding to 25.0 and 54.0 KDa. The u.v/NTG mutagenesis of T. lanuginosus BS1 aleurospores/protoplasts resulted in xylanase-hyperproducing mutants. A morphological colour mutant RB 524 produced approximately 2.5-fold higher xylanase (2506.0 units/ml) as compared to the parent strain (1018.1 units/ml).